Wavelength-modulation detection for water vapor and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes under low-pressure conditions

WANG Liyi; LI Xiang; CAO Nailiang; DENG Hao; HU Haifei; MI Xiaotao; KAN Ruifeng

doi:10.37188/OPE.20263415.2289

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Wavelength-modulation detection for water vapor and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes under low-pressure conditions

Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Instrumentation | 更新时间：2026-08-20

- Wavelength-modulation detection for water vapor and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes under low-pressure conditions
- Optics and Precision Engineering Vol. 34, Issue 15, Pages: 2289-2301(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院，安徽合肥 230031
  2.中国科学技术大学，安徽合肥 230026
  3.中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所，吉林长春 130033
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.37188/OPE.20263415.2289
  CLC： TN248
- CSTR：32169.14.OPE.20263415.2289
- Received：15 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-06，
  
  Online First：14 August 2026，
  
  Published：10 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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王立一,李想,曹乃亮等.低压水汽及氢氧同位素波长调制检测[J].光学精密工程,2026,34(15):2289-2301.

WANG Liyi,LI Xiang,CAO Nailiang,et al.Wavelength-modulation detection for water vapor and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes under low-pressure conditions[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2026,34(15):2289-2301.
王立一,李想,曹乃亮等.低压水汽及氢氧同位素波长调制检测[J].光学精密工程,2026,34(15):2289-2301. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20263415.2289. CSTR： 32169.14.OPE.20263415.2289.

WANG Liyi,LI Xiang,CAO Nailiang,et al.Wavelength-modulation detection for water vapor and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes under low-pressure conditions[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2026,34(15):2289-2301. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20263415.2289. CSTR： 32169.14.OPE.20263415.2289.

摘要

针对低压、动态条件下微量水汽及其氢氧同位素检测中存在的弱吸收信号提取困难和谱线交叠问题，提出一种基于波长调制吸收光谱技术（Wavelength Modulation Spectroscop

y，WMS）的检测方法。利用中心波长1.863 μm的分布反馈式半导体激光器（Distributed Feedback Laser，DFB）作为激光光源，构建了有效光程为12 m、吸收池容积为80 cm

的小型化检测装置，由单次扫描输出实现对H

O、H

O和HDO的同时探测。通过不同标准水样开展标定实验，建立弱同位素通道与参考通道拟合积分面积比和标准真值之间的对应关系，实现水汽氢氧同位素比率及其

值的测量。实验结果表明，各同位素拟合积分面积与水汽压力之间均呈线性相关，相关系数

均大于0.99；在340 Pa稳态条件下，

D，

O和

O通道的最优积分时间分别为18，23和20 s，对应最小Allan偏差分别为2.015‰，3.636‰和1.317‰；模拟月壤实验验证了该方法能够跟踪吸附分馏过程中的同位素动态变化，当前实验条件下的10%~90% 压力响应时间为71 s；与2.731 μm，25 m有效光程直接吸收方法对比，所得

D结果表现出一致的变化趋势。本文方法能够实现低压条件下水汽及其氢氧同位素的稳态定量测量和动态过程测量，可为低压、动态过程中的水汽及氢氧同位素小型化原位检测提供技术支撑。

Abstract

Weak absorption and spectral overlap limit trace isotope detection under low-pressure dynamic conditions. To address this issue， a wavelength modulation spectroscopy （WMS） method is proposed for hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements in water vapor. A distributed feedback （DFB） laser centered at 1.863 μm was employed， and a miniaturized detection system with a 12 m optical path and an 80 cm³ absorption cell was developed. By means of a single scan， simultaneous detection of H

O， H

O， and HDO was achieved. Calibration experiments were performed using different standard water samples， and relationships were established between the fitted integrated area ratios and isotope reference values. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios， together with the corresponding

values， were then obtained. The fitted integrated areas exhibited linear relationships with water vapor pressure， with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99. Under a steady pressure of 340 Pa， the optimal integration times were determined to be 18 s， 23 s， and 20 s for

D，

O， and

O， respectively. Th

e minimum Allan deviations were 2.015‰， 3.636‰， and 1.317‰. Simulated lunar-soil experiments further verified dynamic isotope monitoring， and isotope variations during adsorption fractionation were successfully captured. The 10%-90% pressure response time was 71 s. A comparison experiment was also conducted using a direct absorption system at 2.731 μm as a reference， with an optical path length of 25 m. Consistent

D variation trends were observed in both systems. The proposed method enables steady-state and dynamic measurements of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water vapor under low-pressure conditions， thereby providing technical support for miniaturized in situ isotope detection in dynamic environments.

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