最新刊期
卷 33 ， 期 10 ， 2025
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Parallelism measurement of flat glass based on an interferometric fringe region growth algorithm AI导读
“在平板玻璃平行度测量领域，提出了一种基于区域生长算法的干涉测量新方法，提高了检测效率和测量精度。”摘要：In order to achieve high-precision and fast measurement of parallelism of flat glass， a new measurement method using an area growth algorithm to segment the interference fringe map was proposed. A Fischer interferometer was used to collect the self-interference fringes generated by reflections from the front and back surfaces of the flat glass， and an area growth algorithm was used to segment the collected self-interference fringes， extract the self-interference fringes， and statistically count the number of interfering fringes within the measurement aperture， so as to realize the measurement of the degree of parallelism. After comparing the region growing algorithm with the Sobel algorithm， it was found that the region growing algorithm performed better in the extraction of interference fringes. Measurements of different types of interference fringes using this algorithm and comparisons of the measurement results with those of ZYGO showed that the error of parallelism measurement based on the region growing algorithm was less than - “Bessel光束研究取得新进展，成功生成均匀和非均匀偏振态Bessel光束，为光学成像等领域技术进步提供新方案。”摘要：Due to its unique properties， the Bessel beam has a wide range of applications in numerous fields. Currently， researchers are devoting themselves to developing methods capable of dynamically controlling the polarization state. However， extracting andcontrolling the polarization state modes of arbitrary orders from a single incident beam has always been a challenge. This paper proposed a novel method based on the mode extraction principle of the optical pen， which successfully generated Bessel beams with uniform and non-uniform polarization states， thus overcoming this difficulty. This method did not require changing the polarization state of the incident vector beam. Instead， it directly extracted Bessel beams with arbitrary polarization modes from high-order vector vortex beams. By utilizing the optical pen technology， the number， position， amplitude， and phase of vector Bessel beams could be arranged flexibly. The experimental results were in high agreement with the theoretical predictions. This research not only holds great significance for the in-depth understanding of the polarization characteristics of Bessel beams but also is expected to promotetechnological advancements in fields such as optical imaging， optical communication， and particle manipulation.关键词：mode extraction principle;Bessel beam;optical pen;uniform polarization;non-uniform polarization1|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
- “最新研究发现，铝涂覆层光纤可实现血液温度和声阻抗的同步测量，为疾病早期诊断提供新方法。”摘要：Based on the temperature and acoustic impedance sensing theory utilizing forward stimulated Brillouin scattering （FSBS） in aluminum-coated optical fibers， the influence of coating thickness on acoustic mode frequency and linewidth was investigated， simultaneous measurement of temperature and acoustic impedance was realized， and an innovative high-sensitivity method for disease detection in blood was proposed. The simulation results demonstrated linear relationships between the frequency/linewidth variations of radial acoustic modes R0，m with temperature and acoustic impedance. Fibers with different coating thicknesses exhibited distinct different sensitivities. The optimal linewidth-based acoustic impedance sensitivity is of 3.90 MHz/（kg·mm²·s） at 3 µm coating thickness and maximum frequency-based temperature sensitivity reaches up to 51.44 kHz/℃ at 5 µm coating thickness. Measurement errors can be reduced to 0.015 ℃ and 0.033 kg/（mm²·s） for 3 µm coating， and 0.008 ℃ and 0.027 kg/（mm²·s） for 5 µm coating， respectively. Taking ±0.5 μm coating thickness variation into account， the temperature and acoustic impedance tolerance vary within 0.003-0.020 ℃ and 0.021-0.032 kg/（mm²·s） for 3 µm coating， and 0.003-0.009 ℃ with 0.004-0.058 kg/（mm²·s） for 5 µm coating， respectively. This sensing system enables real-time monitoring of blood temperature and acoustic impedance， demonstrating potential applications in distinguishing normal physiological states from pathological conditions （e.g.， hyperproteinemia， anemia） through multi-parameter analysis. The technology may provide innovative solutions for early disease diagnosis and precision medicine through its high-sensitivity detection capabilities.关键词：Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering（FSBS）;aluminum-coated optical fiber;temperature and acoustic impedance sensing;blood monitoring;disease diagnosis2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
- “在深海探测领域，研究人员设计了基于推挽式结构的光纤水听器基元，实现了深海3000米处10Hz至2kHz水声信号的有效探测，为深海声波高灵敏可靠探测提供解决方案。”摘要：In order to improve the acoustic sensitivity of a fiber optic hydrophone in a deep-sea environment， a deep-sea fiber optic hydrophone element based on a push-pull mandrel structure was designed. It could effectively detect target underwater acoustic signals of 10 Hz-2 kHz at 3 000 meters in the deep sea. First， based on the Michelson interferometer， the composition and acoustic sensitivity of the fiber optic hydrophone with a push-pull mandrel structure were introduced. Then， the acoustic pressure conversion mechanism was analyzed using elastic mechanics theory. Afterward， the influence of the elastic tube structural parameters of the hydrophone primitives on acoustic sensitivity was simulated via the finite element method. Meanwhile， the working stability under deep-sea conditions was explored. According to the calculation results， five groups of fiber optic hydrophone elements with different structures and manufacturing processes were fabricated. Finally， the working performance of the five groups of fiber optic hydrophones at 3 000 meters deep-sea was tested using a high hydrostatic pressure acoustic sensitivity system to verify the influence of structural parameters and manufacturing processes on acoustic sensitivity in a deep-sea environment.The experimental results show that the structure parameters and fabrication process of fiber optic hydrophone can significantly affect its working performance and stability in deep-sea environment. After optimization， the fiber optic hydrophone's response of underwater acoustic signal in 10 Hz-2 kHz frequency band at 3 000 meters deep-sea can reach -127 dB re rad/μPa， which is 7 dB re rad/μPa higher than before. It basically meets the requirements of high sensitivity and reliable detection of sound waves for deep-sea application.关键词：fiber optic hydrophone;push-pull mandrel structure;pressure acoustic sensitivity;hydrostatic pressure test2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
Modern Applied Optics
- “在平面位移测量领域，提出了一种新型二维位移测量方法，通过维度分解和位移解耦，实现了毫米级传感单元的微米级测量精度，具有重要的理论研究和工程应用价值。”摘要：For the traditional planar two-dimensional grating displacement sensors conducting large-area planar displacement measurements， there were some problems such as complex structure and strict grid processing requirements. A two-dimensional displacement measuring method of "dimension judgment + displacement decoupling" was proposed， which adopted a spatial periodic sensing structure to build the quadrature varying magnetic field mapping between the spatial two-dimensional displacements and time reference. The influences of measuring accuracy on two-dimensional displacements caused by installation errors of the moving scale were studied. Through modeling simulation analysis and experimental verification， the measuring errors of two-dimensional displacement caused by the rolling attitude， the pitch attitude， and the yaw attitude were deeply analyzed.The experimental results show that installation errors mainly introduce DC offset， 2nd and 4th harmonic errors into the two-dimension displacement measurement. When the air gap height between the moving scale and the fixed scale is 0.6 mm， the measuring error in the X direction is not more than ±8.6 μm， the measuring error in the Y direction is not more than ±8.8 μm， and the resolution is 0.15 μm within the 240 mm×240 mm measuring range. The micrometer-level two-dimensional displacement measurement is achieved with millimeter-level sensing units within the 240 mm×240 mm measuring range， which promises the significant academic value and engineering application value.关键词：large measuring range;two-dimensional displacement measurement;time-grating sensors;error analysis2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
- “在超精密领域，专家提出了基于主动惯量补偿的压电旋转驱动器设计，有效抑制动子回退运动，实现高效稳定粘滑运动，具有较大应用潜力。”摘要：A novel piezoelectric rotary actuator incorporating active inertia compensation was developed to suppress the significant backward motion inherent in small-inertia rotors， thereby achieving efficient and stable stick-slip motion. By implementing active inertia compensation and optimizing the timing of the driving voltage， the backward motion was effectively suppressed， leading to enhanced speed and smoothness of motion. The working principle of the actuator， based on the active inertia compensation method， was thoroughly analyzed. Structural analysis and simulations were conducted， and the theoretical feasibility of the active inertia compensation method was validated by comparing its effects with and without compensation. An experimental system for driving the small-inertia rotor was established， and comprehensive tests were performed to evaluate its output performance. Experimental results indicate that 79.77% of the rotor's backward angle can be suppressed using active inertia compensation. The minimum resolution of the piezoelectric rotary actuator with active inertia compensation is 1.12 μrad， and the maximum speed reaches 813.85 mrad/s. This method enables the high-efficiency and stable stick-slip motion of small-inertia rotor， thereby achieving high-performance output for piezoelectric rotary actuator. This has significant application potential in ultra-precision operations within complex workspaces， such as micro and nano-scale manipulations.关键词：active inertia compensation;stick-slip motion;small-inertia rotor;backward motion suppression;rotary actuator2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
- “在四维力测量领域，研究者提出了一种新型测量方案，通过增加石英晶组实现扭矩直接测量，有效提高了测量精度，具有广泛应用前景。”摘要：In current piezoelectric four-dimensional force measurement methods， torque is determined through two approaches： calculation based on lateral forces or direct measurement. The calculation method offers broad applicability but is significantly affected by cross-coupling between force components， while direct measurement theoretically achieves higher accuracy but is constrained by sensor arrangement limitations. This paper proposed a novel four-dimensional force measurement solution that enabled direct torque measurement without relying on specialized sensor configurations by incorporating quartz crystal sets within the sensor. First， the sensor layout scheme was determined. Based on the existing three-axis force measurement， additional shear force measurement crystal groups were incorporated into each sensor to measure torque. The errors in sensor machining and assembly processes were defined， and a torque measurement error transmission model was established for both measurement methods. A numerical simulation was conducted to compare the accuracy differences between the two methods. A force measuring instrument was designed and fabricated， and the key dimensions of the instrument were analyzed parametrically. Static and dynamic performance calibration experiments were carried out， followed by a multi-point torque loading calibration experiment， in which torque was calculated using both measurement schemes. Experimental results show that the maximum nonlinearity error and repeatability error of the force measuring instrument are both less than 0.5%， the inter-axis interference is less than 3%， and the natural frequency of each axis exceeds 1 400 Hz， meeting the design requirements for static and dynamic performance. In the multi-point torque loading experiment， the root mean square error of the new scheme is reduced by 83.4%， and the maximum measurement error is reduced by 26.5%. These results verify the effectiveness of the new scheme in improving torque measurement accuracy， demonstrating its broad application potential.关键词：torque measurement accuracy;four-dimensional force measurement;four-axis force sensor;force measurement instrument design;parametric analysis2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
- “在精密加工领域，研究者提出了一种集成超磁致伸缩驱动器的电主轴微结构加工机构设计方案，有效提升了加工能力和精度，为复杂微结构元件加工提供新方案。”摘要：Because the performance of the existing fast tool servomechanism was difficult to meet the processing capability and accuracy requirements for non-rotating components with micro-structure array surfaces， the giant magnetostrictive actuator （GMA） was integrated with the motorized spindle. A design scheme for a micro-structure precision machining mechanism for the electric spindle was presented. First， the influence of the GMA driving magnetic field on the spindle motor magnetic field was analyzed. Second， the electromagnetic-mechanical coupling model and the force sensing model were established， and the influence of bias current and prestress on its performance-as well as the variation law of force sensing characteristics under different bias currents were analyzed. Finally， the performance test platform was built and verified through experiments. The results show that the excitation magnetic field of GMA is only 4.09% of the driving magnetic field of spindle motor； The addition of appropriate bias current and prestress is beneficial to improve the output displacement of micro-structure precision machining mechanism， and the experimental and simulation results verify the validity of the theoretical model. The force sensing simulation results are consistent with the calculation results of the force sensing model， and the output voltage and the axial force of the main shaft show a first-order derivative relationship. The experimental results show that when the bias current is 1 A and the prestress is 1 MPa， the output displacement can reach 26.2 μm and the output thrust can reach 22 N， which indicates that the design scheme of the micro-structure precision machining mechanism oriented to the electric spindle is feasible and provides a solution for the machining of complex micro-structure components.关键词：electric spindle;microstructure;precision machining;integrated design;force sensing2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
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Multi-scale enhancement and color depth codec correction of flotation foam low illumination images AI导读
“在浮选图像处理领域，专家提出了低照度图像颜色深度编解码校正及多尺度增强方法，显著改善图像亮度和颜色，提升对比度、清晰度和信息熵，使图像颜色更接近真实色彩，保留了更多纹理细节，并在有效抑制噪声的同时，实现了边缘增强。”摘要：The environment of flotation site is harsh， and the lighting conditions are complicated and variable. For the flotation images collected on-site were prone to underexposure， color distortion， and other problems， a low-illumination image color depth coding and decoding correction and multiscale enhancement method was proposed. First， the low-illumination image was converted from RGB to HSV space， and for the value （V） component， the non-subsampled shearlet transform （NSST） was used to perform multi-scale decomposition. Second， a color depth codec correction network based on the global spatial module was proposed， and the color depth coding and decoding correction network model was constructed through squeeze extraction， color coding， color decoding， and color correction. Color correction was performed for the hue （H） and saturation （S） components. Then， the low-frequency subband images of the V component were enhanced by adaptive fuzzy set， and the noise components of each high-frequency subband image of the V component were effectively filtered out using the scale correlation coefficient， while the high-frequency edge coefficients were significantly enhanced using the nonlinear gain function. Finally， the enhanced images of the various subbands of the V component were reconstructed by the inverse transform of the NSST， and the reconstructed V component was fused with the corrected H and S components and converted back to RGB space. Experimental results demonstrate that， compared with current mainstream methods， the proposed method achieves an average reduction of 14.835 8 in CIEDE， an average increase of 8.48 dB in PSNR， and an average improvement of 31.32% in structural similarity， with the continuous edge pixel ratio maintained above 91%. The proposed method enhances image brightness， achieving higher contrast， clarity， and information entropy. The image colors are closer to true colors， preserving more texture details， and edges are enhanced while effectively suppressing noise.关键词：flotation foam;low illumination images;color correction;color depth codec correction network;multi-scale enhancement and denoising;non-subsampled shearlet transform;fuzzy sets2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08 - “在水环境污染监控领域，专家提出了基于二维Gabor小波和支持向量机的水体多分类识别和组分拟合方法，有效提高了水样组分解析效率。”摘要：With the increasing severity of water environmental pollution， there is an urgent need for rapid and accurate detection and identification of organic pollutants in water. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology， which provides rich spectral information about pollutants， has become a hot topic in the research of pollutant identification and source tracing in water bodies. The current methods mainly focus on deep learning based spectral data analysis， which requires a large amount of spectral data and is difficult to promote on site. This paper utilized three-dimensional Excitation-Emission Matrix （3D-EEM） data and proposed a method for multi-classification identification and precise component fitting of water bodies based on a combination of two-dimensional Gabor wavelets and Support Vector Machine （SVM）. This method effectively extracted texture features and peak positions of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra， which improved the efficiency of water sample component analysis. Here blank subtraction and Delaunay triangle interpolation were used to reduce background noise and scattering interference in spectral data， and spectral fluctuation interference was suppressed by extending the Savitzky-Golay smoothing approach. Subsequently， texture feature information of 3D-EEM data and global information of three-dimensional fluorescence peaks were extracted using two-dimensional Gabor wavelets and fluorescence peak extraction methods. Finally， an EEM_MSVM model based on MSVC and CF_MSVR was constructed to achieve high-accuracy classification identification and component prediction of water pollutants. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy for water body types is 97.6%. In terms of component prediction， the Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） loss is only 5.3， with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. This effectively achieves accurate classification of typical water bodies and analysis of their components.关键词：three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy;fluorescence component spectra;water body identification;source tracing2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
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Optical remote sensing road extraction network with directional guidance and topological awareness AI导读
“在光学遥感影像道路提取领域，研究者提出了方向引导与拓扑感知的道路提取网络，有效提升了道路提取的精确度和完整度。”摘要：To address the challenges of weak connectivity， subtle branch omission， and topological inconsistency between predicted and real road networks in optical remote sensing image road extraction， this paper proposed a road extraction network with directional guidance and topological awareness. First， the multi-path directional guidance module was designed to model multi-directional connectivity relationships. By decoupling and independently learning connectivity features across distinct directions， this module enhanced inter-branch linkages and improved segmentation continuity. Second， the full granular complementary feature guidance module integrated fine-grained and coarse-grained features， reinforcing both road details and semantic representations to strengthen the network’s capability in capturing subtle branches. Finally， a topological awareness function was introduced to quantify geometric structural discrepancies from a topological perspective， thereby constraining the topological consistency between predicted and real road networks.The proposed model achieves F1 scores of 81.95% and 79.98% on the DeepGlobe and Massachusetts datasets， outperforming the state-of-the-art methods by 0.73% and 1.5%， respectively. The IoU metrics reach 69.35% and 66.38%， with improvements of 0.98% and 0.66% over existing benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrate that RDTA-Net significantly surpasses mainstream methods in both road extraction accuracy and completeness. Furthermore， it exhibits robust performance in complex scenarios involving occlusions， noise， and illumination variations.关键词：road extraction;connectivity;directional guidance;full granular feature fusion;topology wareness0|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08 - “在图像超分辨率重建领域，研究者提出了MSDFDN方法，通过多尺度深层特征蒸馏提升图像质量，为超分辨率重建提供新方案。”摘要：Aiming at the problem that existing super-resolution reconstruction algorithms were difficult to fully utilize multi-scale information and deep features of images， an image super-resolution reconstruction method based on multi-scale deep feature distillation （MSDFDN） was proposed. First， ConvNeXt convolution was used to replace traditional convolution layers， increasing network depth with lower computational cost to improve performance. Second， a multi-scale deep feature distillation module was designed. By constructing ConvNeXt convolution layers of different scales and combining them with a residual feature distillation mechanism， multi-scale deep features in residual blocks were extracted while bypassing rich low-frequency information. Finally， an attention mechanism was introduced at the end of the module to adaptively weight extracted features， enabling the network to focus more on high-frequency information. Compared with other advanced lightweight super-resolution reconstruction algorithms on benchmark datasets and the self-built PDC bit composite dataset， the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity quantitative metrics of images obtained by this method showed improvement. Especially on the Urban100 dataset with more detailed information， the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the four-fold reconstructed image reaches 26.49 dB， and the structural similarity reaches 0.797 6. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better objective and subjective measurement results.关键词：image super-resolution;convolutional neural network;lightweight;multi-scale feature distillation;attention mechanism1|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
- “在雷达影像目标检测领域，研究者提出了一种超轻量化小目标检测模型，通过多分支高效层聚合模块和特征丰富度引导的剪枝技术，实现了在最小体积下较优的检测速度和精度。”摘要：Although the synthetic aperture radar （SAR） image target detection method utilizing convolutional neural network technology can achieve good detection accuracy， its high model complexity limits its practical application and deployment in military rapid decision-making， maritime emergency rescue， and other fields. Therefore， this paper proposes an ultra lightweight small target detection model for radar images. Firstly， a multi branch efficient layer aggregation module is designed to enhance multi-scale perception and adapt to various resources and computing capabilities of actual devices. Secondly， detail enhancement and shared detection heads are utilized to focus on small target information， thereby reducing false detections caused by sea and land clutter interference. Finally， feature richness-guided pruning and knowledge distillation guided representation learning are employed to further compress the model and enhance performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the network model achieves detection accuracies of 89.0%， 98.1%， 82.5%， 98.6%， and 91.5% on MSAR， SAR-Ship， AIR-SARShip-2.0， SSDD， and HRSID datasets， respectively， with a computational complexity of 4.186 G and a parameter complexity of 0.888 M. The algorithm presented in this paper exhibits good robustness， and the network model can achieve optimal detection speed and accuracy at the minimum volume.关键词：SAR image;small object detection;ultra lightweight;multi branch efficient layer aggregation;enhance shared detection head;pruning and knowledge distillation2|0|0更新时间：2025-07-08
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