最新刊期
卷 33 ， 期 13 ， 2025
- “在等离子体瞬态成像领域，专家搭建了高时空分辨成像系统，突破传统技术局限，为激光诱导击穿光谱应用提供理论支撑。”摘要：A high space-time resolution imaging system with 1 ns temporal resolution and 0.01 mm spatial resolution was established. The dynamic spatial distributions of neutral atoms （Al I/Ar I） and singly ionized atoms （Al II/Ar II） in plasma induced by 10 GW/cm² are measured in argon gas. The experimental results show that the plasma has an elongated morphology， and axial expansion velocity is faster than radial velocity. Due to the strong coupling between laser and argon， the shocked gas layer has a high ionization degree， and argon ions overlap with aluminum vapor plume. The morphological characteristics are consistent with the laser-supported detonation （LSD） wave. Additionally， the lifetimes of different species are also discussed， and the influence of upper-level energy and ion recombination on population decay rate is elucidated. This work overcomes the limitation of traditional imaging techniques， which only obtain line-of-sight integrated intensity. A novel method for observing the distribution structure of species and the expansion process. The spatiotemporal evolution of plasma is expected to provide theoretical support for the application of high-precision laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS）.关键词：laser spectroscopy;laser-induced plasma;laser supports detonation waves;species distribution29|20|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在消费电子领域，全塑料3倍全动型连续变焦镜头设计实现高分辨率成像，光学性能、紧凑性及可制造性表现出色。”摘要：To address the increasing demand for compact， high-performance zoom lenses in consumer electronics， this paper presents the design of an all-plastic 3× continuous zoom lens featuring fully movable components. An all-movable zoom structure is employed， wherein all lens groups are mobile to optimize both zoom range and image quality. Q-type aspheres are utilized to enhance optical performance， while plastic materials serve to reduce manufacturing costs. Optical properties are assigned to each surface using LightTools， and ghost image analysis is performed via ray tracing. The optimized lens achieves a 3× zoom range from 22.72 mm to 68.16 mm with an F-number of 4.5 and a total optical length under 68 mm. At object distances of 10， 1， and 0.2 m， the diffraction MTF exceeds 0.3 at 80 lp/mm and 0.22 at 160 lp/mm across all fields of view at various zoom positions， ensuring high-resolution imaging. The cam curve is smooth and free of inflection points. Ghost image analysis indicates that the peak irradiance of ghost images formed by all surface combinations remains below 0.012 2% of the main image's peak irradiance， demonstrating negligible impact on system performance. The proposed all-plastic 3× all-movable zoom lens exhibits excellent optical performance， compactness， and manufacturability， offering a valuable technical reference for the design of high-performance， miniaturized zoom lenses.关键词：optical design;all-movable zoom;all-plastic lens;Q-type aspheres;cam curve of zoom;ghost image analysis16|36|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在生物医学检测与食品质量分析领域，研究者基于滨松MEMS-FPI近红外光谱传感器C14272，成功研发了微小型化近红外光谱仪，为经济高效解决方案提供新思路。”摘要：Traditional near-infrared spectrometers are bulky and expensive， limiting their widespread application. Based on Hamamatsu's MEMS-FPI near-infrared spectroscopy sensor C14272， this research successfully developed a miniaturized near-infrared spectrometer operating in the 1350-1650 nm wavelength range. The system adopts a modular architecture， integrating efficient signal acquisition and data processing units， significantly reducing system costs. Through systematic performance evaluation， including wavelength accuracy， spectral resolution， dynamic range， and other metrics， combined with a temperature characteristic compensation algorithm that effectively suppresses temperature drift effects， experimental results demonstrate that this spectroscopic analysis system possesses excellent stability and reproducibility， with a spectral resolution of approximately 15.2 nm. Combined with a convolutional neural network algorithm， the glucose solution concentration prediction model exhibits high accuracy （R²>0.99） and low error rates （RMSE<0.2%） when detecting unknown samples. The developed miniaturized near-infrared spectrometer provides an economical and efficient solution for biomedical detection and food quality analysis.关键词：infrared spectroscopy;micro-spectrometer;convolutional neural network;glucose concentration detection22|13|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在海洋目标探测领域，专家基于Cox-Munk模型提出最优偏振探测角度估计方法，分析了观测角度与偏振信号强度的关系，为提升目标成像质量提供方案。”摘要：In marine target detection， significant variations exist in the polarization signal strength received under different observation geometries. To enhance image quality and target recognition， an optimal polarization detection angle estimation method based on the Cox-Munk rough sea surface model is proposed. First， we analyze the effects of different wind speeds， wind directions， solar incidence zenith angles， observation zenith angles， and azimuth angles on polarization reflectivity and degree of polarization. Then， we establish quantitative relationships between different combinations of observation angles and the received polarization signal strength for the three components of the sun-surface-detector system. Finally， by maximizing polarization signal and polarization degree， the paper proposes the optimal combination of polarization observation angles under different constrained observation geometries.The effective distribution of sea surface polarization reflectance is primarily concentrated in the azimuthal range from 150° to 210°， with a relative peak occurring at an azimuth of 180°. Within this range， the peak of sea surface polarization occurs when the sum of the solar zenith angle and the observation zenith angle is approximately 106°±6°.When the solar incidence zenith angle is 55° and the relative azimuth angles are 180°， 165°， and 150°， the observation zenith angles are close to the optimal observation zenith angles predicted by the simulation （approximately 51°， 53°， and 57°， respectively）. By placing a polarizer with a polarization direction of 90° in front of the detector， the optimal reflectance suppression effect can be achieved， significantly improving the imaging quality of the target.关键词：sea surface reflected light;optimal polarization detection angle;Cox-Munk model;polarization reflection properties34|19|0更新时间：2025-08-08
Modern Applied Optics
- “在全息光栅制造领域，专家设计了相位锁定系统，有效提高了干涉条纹稳定性，为大尺寸光栅制造提供解决方案。”摘要：To fabricate high-quality holographic gratings and improve the fringe stability of the beam-splitting amplitude exposure system， this study analyzes the effects of different beam-splitting devices on fringe stability and designs a phase-locking system for holographic grating interference fringes.First， based on the principles of interference exposure and the impact of fringe drift on exposure contrast， we analyzed the directional requirements for light sources when using different beam-splitting components. A detection method for interference fringe variations， utilizing Moiré fringes from a reference grating， was investigated. Suitable detectors and actuators were selected， and a closed-loop fringe phase-locking system was designed and implemented using an STM32 microcontroller integrated with a PID algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate that the locking system achieves a control frequency of 1 kHz， effectively suppressing low-frequency drift primarily within 0~3 Hz. After stabilization， the root mean square （RMS） value of fringe drift was reduced to 0.004 7λ. When laser pointing stability is insufficient， the proposed grating-based beam splitting combined with single-point phase locking can meet the fringe stability requirements for large-scale holographic grating fabrication.关键词：holographic grating;phase locking;Moiré fringe;closed loop control14|96|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在谐波减速器领域，专家提出了一种薄膜温度传感器，实现了工作温度信号的实时采集，为故障诊断和性能优化提供解决方案。”摘要：Real-time acquisition and monitoring of temperature data during the operation of harmonic reducers are crucial for timely fault diagnosis and performance optimization. This study presents an in situ integrated film temperature sensor within the harmonic reducer. To minimize the impact of flexspline strain on the accuracy of temperature measurements， finite element analysis was employed to characterize the strain distribution under various operating conditions. Subsequently， the sensor’s structural design was optimized to mitigate strain-induced measurement interference. Utilizing MEMS technology， the film temperature sensor was fabricated， with strain effects compensated to enhance measurement precision. Evaluation results demonstrate a static temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.3%， an accuracy of ±0.047% during wave generator rotation， ±0.23% at 18.39 °C， and ±0.52% at 50.21 °C. Furthermore， repeatability tests conducted between 20 °C and 120 °C yielded standard deviations relative to a reference temperature sensor ranging from 0.072 °C to 0.296 °C， confirming reliable real-time temperature acquisition. These findings indicate that the developed film temperature sensor can accurately monitor the operating temperature of harmonic reducers， providing a valuable tool for improved diagnostic and optimization processes.关键词：temperature sensor;harmonic reducer;finite element analysis;integrated sensor9|617|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在光学动态跟踪领域，研究者提出了3-RRR共轴球面并联机构，通过几何向量法和单位四元数理论，实现了快速响应的动态跟踪任务。”摘要：To address the requirements of dynamic tracking tasks demanding extensive motion range， high stiffness， and rapid response， this study examines a coaxial 3-RRR spherical parallel mechanism for optical dynamic tracking applications. Initially， the mechanism's forward and inverse kinematics are analyzed using a geometric vector method. Vector projection is employed to identify the unique inverse kinematic solution corresponding to the actual configuration from eight analytical candidates. Subsequently， a singular forward kinematic solution is determined from up to eight closed-form solutions by applying the proposed inverse kinematics algorithm. Furthermore， integrating the forward and inverse kinematic algorithms with a motion singularity index and a collision avoidance strategy， the reachable Cartesian and configuration spaces are systematically characterized under singularity-free and collision-free conditions. A unit quaternion-based spherical interpolation method is introduced to guarantee smooth orientation transitions of the moving platform within the workspace. Both computational and experimental results demonstrate that the analytical forward kinematics solution enhances computation speed by 94% compared to conventional constraint-based iterative methods， while reducing numerical error to the order of 10⁻¹⁴ and obviating the need for initial value estimates. Workspace analysis reveals that the mechanism achieves a pitch range from 48.42° to 138.42° and a full azimuthal range of -180° to 180°， maintaining the rolling degree of freedom about the pointing axis within this domain. Theoretical and experimental findings confirm that the proposed coaxial spherical parallel tracking mechanism exhibits superior motion performance， fully meeting the demands of optical dynamic tracking applications.关键词：parallel mechanism;dynamic tracking;forward and inverse kinematics;workspace;trajectory planning;coaxial spherical15|13|0更新时间：2025-08-08
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
- “在质子辐照下动态星图质心定位领域，专家提出了基于深度学习的星点质心定位算法，建立了星点拖尾质心关键点模型，并构建了检测网络，具有较强的抗辐射噪声及高动态干扰能力，为星敏感器在复杂条件下的应用提供了新的思路和解决方案。”摘要：To achieve precise centroid localization in dynamic star images subjected to proton irradiation， a deep learning-based algorithm is proposed. A keypoint model for the centroids of streaked star spots is first established， followed by the construction of a star centroid keypoint detection network based on this model. The energy degradation behavior of dynamic star images and the effects of proton irradiation are considered， and a star image dataset is generated by integrating proton cumulative irradiation and transient experiments. This dataset， supplemented with actual irradiated dynamic star images， is employed to train and validate the keypoint detection network. The localization accuracy of the network is subsequently compared with conventional restoration-based methods.Validation on simulated non-irradiated star images demonstrates that， within an angular velocity range of 0 （°）/s to 7 （°）/s， the centroid localization error ranges between 0.03 and 0.2 pixel， surpassing restoration-based methods by approximately an order of magnitude. For actual irradiated dynamic star images with angular velocities between 2.5 （°）/s and 10 （°）/s， the localization error varies from 0.4 to 1.8 pixel. Furthermore， the proposed method effectively addresses challenging scenarios where traditional methods falter， such as distinguishing star spots from transient bright spots and resolving overlapping star streaks. The algorithm exhibits robust performance against radiation noise and high-dynamic interference， offering a novel solution for the application of star sensors in complex environments.关键词：star sensor;dynamic;centroid localization;proton;subpixel;neural network11|202|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在图像处理领域，研究者提出了一种基于光照引导的三阶段低光照图像增强算法IG-TSNet，有效提升图像亮度、抑制噪声并保持色彩准确。”摘要：Addressing challenges such as severe noise， color deviation， and artifacts in low-light imaging， a novel three-stage low-light image enhancement algorithm based on illumination guidance （IG-TSNet） is proposed. This algorithm synergistically integrates the Fourier domain's capability to capture global image information with the Transformer's strength in modeling long-range dependencies within the spatial domain， utilizing illumination guidance to ensure coherent enhancement. IG-TSNet comprises three sequential stages. In the pixel-wise enhancement stage， an adaptive parameter adjustment mechanism is introduced to improve the global representation of the image. During the Fourier reconstruction stage， illumination priors are employed to optimize both amplitude and phase spectra across two channels following Fourier transformation， enabling comprehensive global image reconstruction. In the cross-attention fusion stage， a lightweight dual-path U-shaped network， incorporating a cross-attention fusion module， is designed to dynamically align Fourier-reconstructed features with illumination-guidance maps. The proposed IG-TSNet was rigorously evaluated on six benchmark datasets for low-light image enhancement， demonstrating superior performance. Qualitative results confirm that the method effectively enhances underexposed regions， suppresses noise without introducing artifacts or patchiness， and preserves color fidelity robustly. Quantitative assessments reveal that IG-TSNet achieves state-of-the-art results across nine evaluation metrics. On three paired datasets， PSNR values of 26.968 dB， 27.880 dB， and 28.939 dB； SSIM values of 0.867， 0.882， and 0.947； and LPIPS values of 0.099， 0.141， and 0.047 were attained， respectively. On three unpaired datasets， BRISQUE scores of 25.67， 20.51， and 18.80 and NIQE values of 3.79， 4.09， and 4.02 were achieved， respectively. This study offers a viable frequency-spatial joint enhancement framework， advancing the field of low-light image enhancement.关键词：image enhancement;low-light image;Fourier frequency domain;cross-attention;transformer17|94|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “最新研究突破图像去雾技术，多模式图像去雾增强算法在图像清晰度、边缘和细节恢复方面取得显著提升，为图像处理领域提供新解决方案。”摘要：A multi-modal image dehazing enhancement algorithm based on the dark channel prior is proposed to address the limitations of single-mode processing and restricted generality in existing image enhancement methods. This algorithm is applicable to various polarization image modalities， including polarization intensity， Stokes parameters， and linear polarization images， as well as conventional RGB and grayscale images. For polarization images， atmospheric light estimation is performed through K-means clustering， grid partitioning， and bilinear interpolation， while atmospheric transmission is derived using brightness and structure-weighted techniques. Dark channel computation incorporates multi-scale Gaussian filtering combined with gradient-based adaptive weight fusion. For RGB and grayscale images， atmospheric light is estimated by K-means clustering and the 95th percentile of sky pixels， and atmospheric transmission is calculated via Gaussian Laplacian edge detection and bilinear interpolation. Dark channel computation utilizes multi-scale erosion operations alongside local contrast-based weighting. Experimental evaluation was conducted using multi-modal images collected under outdoor light mist and indoor artificial thick fog conditions， with dehazing enhancement outcomes compared against conventional dark channel prior and multi-scale Retinex algorithms. The results reveal marked improvements in image clarity， edge definition， and detail restoration. Specifically， polarization images demonstrated minimum enhancements of 112.6%， 14.0%， and 5.0% in average gradient， image entropy， and peak signal-to-noise ratio， respectively， relative to the multi-scale Retinex algorithm. Non-polarization images exhibited minimum improvements of 103.6%， 20.6%， and 21.9% across the same metrics. This comprehensive validation confirms that the proposed algorithm not only significantly enhances image quality but also maintains robust generality across diverse image modalities.关键词：image defogging;image enhancement;Polarization;dark channel prior;multi-scale Retinex algorithm13|22|0更新时间：2025-08-08
- “在复杂特征目标点云配准领域，专家提出了点云法向量与曲率关键特征配准方法，为解决复杂目标大角度配准问题提供解决方案。”摘要：To address the challenge of point cloud registration for complex feature targets， a method leveraging point cloud normal vectors and curvature key features is proposed. Principal component analysis is utilized to compute curvature across varying neighborhood radii， facilitating effective key point selection and initial point cloud downsampling. For each key point， a seven-dimensional feature descriptor is constructed， comprising four normal vectors and three curvature values， thereby encapsulating both angular relationships among normal vectors and curvature characteristics. Similarity between key point descriptors of source and target point clouds is assessed， and correspondences are initially established based on the ratio of the Euclidean minimum distance to the sub-minimum distance. The Random Sample Consensus （RANSAC） algorithm is subsequently employed to eliminate incorrect correspondences and reduce mismatches. High-precision registration is achieved via the Iterative Closest Point （ICP） algorithm， enabling computation of the transformation matrix and quantitative evaluation of registration error. Experimental results demonstrate a root mean square error （RMSE） of 3.32 mm in feature extraction and registration for complex targets， with an average error increment of 0.33 mm/（° ） within a 0-50° registration range. Comparative experiments confirm the superior robustness of the proposed method in large-angle registration of complex targets. Specifically， for space satellite targets， the RMSE of feature extraction and registration is 2.71 mm， accompanied by a Y-direction attitude angle error of 0.427°. The proposed method effectively supports pose estimation and registration of space targets， indicating broad potential for practical applications.关键词：point cloud registration;complex target;normal vector;curvature;error analysis18|21|0更新时间：2025-08-08
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