最新刊期
卷 33 ， 期 21 ， 2025
- “在大口径大视场望远镜领域，专家提出了一种融合边缘信息约束的K-means聚类分割方法，有效提升拼接探测器平面度检测的效率与精度。”摘要：To satisfy the requirements for high-efficiency and high-precision flatness assessment of detectors used in large-aperture， wide-field telescopes， a K-means clustering segmentation method integrating edge-information constraints is proposed for mosaic detectors. Employed as a preprocessing step prior to flatness evaluation， the method reliably extracts regular structural regions and thereby enhances the accuracy and stability of subsequent flatness-index computations. It is applicable to detector inspection across multiple stages and operating conditions. First， the structural characteristics of the spliced detector were analyzed to develop a dedicated point-cloud processing procedure. Edge-gap features were extracted and edge continuity was reinforced. An adaptive initialization of cluster centers within closed regions was implemented to avoid instability arising from random initialization. Furthermore， edge-penalty terms and height-anomaly detection mechanisms were incorporated into the K-means objective function. Through iterative optimization， refined segmentation of individual detector point clouds was achieved. Experimental results indicate that centroid initialization within closed regions reduces the average number of iterations and removes the need for manual presetting of cluster counts. Compared with conventional methods， the incorporation of edge constraints and height-anomaly detection improves boundary-matching accuracy by more than 50%. The proposed method effectively segments point clouds of spliced detector datasets， offering an efficient segmentation approach for the development and deployment of spliced detectors in large-aperture telescopes.关键词：large-aperture optical and infrared telescope;segmented detector;point cloud segmentation;edge detection;clustering185|35|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在地基大口径主焦点式望远镜多谱段观测领域，新型滤光轮机构设计成功，为滤光轮设计提供新思路。”摘要：To satisfy the multi-band observation requirements of ground-based large-aperture prime-focus telescopes， the structural configurations of filter-switching mechanisms were compared and analyzed. To overcome limitations of conventional filter wheels， a novel circumferentially distributed filter-wheel mechanism arranged along the optical axis was developed， permitting sequential insertion and retraction of filters with different transmission bands into the optical path. The mechanism comprises a drive assembly and a filter assembly. Relative to traditional designs， this configuration obviates the need for optical-axis offset during installation， makes full use of the circumferential space around the optical axis， and reduces primary-mirror obscuration. The composition and operating principle of the mechanism are described， followed by component-selection calculations for critical parts. Modal analysis yields a first-order natural frequency of 108 Hz. The mechanism was further evaluated through switching-accuracy measurements， surface-figure accuracy tests of the filters， and high-low temperature environmental testing. Results show a maximum filter eccentricity error of 0.1 mm after insertion， root-mean-square surface-figure errors for all filters better than λ/30， and smooth， jam-free operation across the system's operational temperature range. These results demonstrate that the proposed filter-wheel mechanism meets the multi-band observation requirements of large-aperture prime-focus telescopes and offers a novel approach to filter-wheel design.关键词：filter wheel mechanism;prime focus;circumferentially distributed;Filter;high-low temperature environmental test119|33|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “报道：为满足地基望远镜短波成像需求，设计了基于InGaAs材料的制冷型短波红外成像系统，实现了低噪声、高线性度的科学级成像。”摘要：To meet the demands for low noise and high linearity in ground-based， large-aperture short-wave infrared （SWIR） imaging systems and to circumvent international constraints on scientific-grade SWIR imaging while expediting project timelines， a cooled SWIR imaging system based on an InGaAs focal plane array （FPA） was developed. The system architecture was first established， followed by the design of a low-noise hardware circuit incorporating thermoelectric cooling （TEC） to minimize readout noise and dark current. An FPGA-based sensor drive circuit and an optimized image readout and data-transmission program were implemented to realize a prototype. Experimental results indicate stable operation at -10 ℃ with a maximum full-frame output rate of 116 frames per second. In low-， medium-， and high-gain modes， noise levels of 364.87 e-， 40.66 e-， and 15.73 e- were measured， respectively， together with excellent linearity and response uniformity. The system demonstrates robust performance and produces high-quality images in both indoor and outdoor environments， satisfying specifications for scientific-grade detectors.关键词：shortwave infrared;Field Programmable Gate Array（FPGA）;imaging driving circuit;Thermoelectric Cooling（TEC）106|28|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在红外成像领域，专家研制了非共平台多波段红外杜瓦低温光机平台，通过有限元分析和试验验证，确保了低温下分光镜和成像镜组的准确位置，为多波段成像杜瓦光机设计提供参考。”摘要：Based on cryogenic optical technology， the multi-band infrared imaging Dewar is a key component for achieving high-sensitivity infrared detection. This paper presents a cryogenic opto-mechanical platform operating at 100 K， developed for a multi-band infrared Dewar. Design objectives and principles were established according to system requirements， and a methodology employing flexure structures was adopted to obtain a cryogenic platform with controlled deformation. Thermal deformation of the platform was then investigated by finite element analysis （FEA） and experimentally validated. For the long-wave optical path， measured displacements of 0.37 mm in the X direction and 0.04 mm in the Z direction were obtained， while FEA predicted 0.387 mm and 0.021 mm， respectively. For the mid-wave optical path， measured displacements of 0.36 mm in the X direction and 0.03 mm in the Y direction were obtained， with FEA predicting 0.385 mm and 0.031 mm， respectively. All discrepancies between analysis and measurement are approximately within 0.02 mm， demonstrating the validity of the cryogenic platform design and ensuring accurate positioning of the beam splitter， long-wave imaging lens assembly， and mid-wave imaging lens assembly at cryogenic temperatures. The findings offer valuable guidance for future cryogenic opto-mechanical designs in multi-band imaging Dewar systems.关键词：cryogenic optics;infrared detection;cryogenic opto-mechanical platform;multi-optical path121|27|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在地基大型光学望远镜领域，定制了高分辨率背照式可拼接sCMOS图像传感器，设计了高性能成像电路，实现了高动态合成和同步运行，满足了探测器系统的应用要求。”摘要：To meet the wide-field detection requirements of ground-based large optical telescopes， a 16.8-megapixel stitchable back-illuminated （BSI） sCMOS sensor and its dedicated camera imaging circuitry were custom-developed. This article presents the hardware architecture， functional modules， data-flow design， high-dynamic-range （HDR） synthesis， exposure-event recording， and synchronous operation strategies implemented in the circuit system. An FPGA serves as the central processor， enabling a modular and highly integrated architecture. Data caching is realized with four parallel DDR devices， achieving a maximum read/write throughput of 102.4 Gb/s. A custom optical communication interface based on GTX transceivers provides 5 Gb/s links for camera control and image transmission. Internal FPGA data transfers employ the AXI-Full bus protocol to ensure high performance， substantial bandwidth， and flexible interconnectivity. On-chip HDR composition produces high bit-depth composite images in real time. By ingesting and processing time and attitude information， exposure timing is recorded with 1 μs resolution. The system supports 16.8-megapixel imaging at 4 frame/s and， through HDR compositing， attains a dynamic range of 95.52 dB， satisfying the detector system's application requirements.关键词：large-format camera;high-dynamic-range synthesis;exposure event record;optical communication74|21|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在望远镜圆顶结构设计领域，专家对比分析国内外大型圆顶，探索大口径望远镜圆顶定位和结构设计，为更大尺寸圆顶设计提供技术支持。”摘要：As the storage and protective enclosure for telescopes， the dome must exhibit superior structural performance to ensure safe operation and enable normal observation. With the increasing aperture of ground-based optical telescopes， dome dimensions have correspondingly expanded， presenting challenges to structural stability， environmental adaptability， and operational precision. This study examines the theoretical positioning and structural design of a dome for large-aperture telescope by comparing and analyzing the configurations and operational characteristics of large dome structures domestically and internationally. Based on the local environmental conditions at the installation site， wind， seismic， snow， and thermal loads were analyzed； combined design loads were then established using appropriate load factors. Load cases for both open and closed states of the dome were modeled using the spatial structure design software 3D3S， and finite element simulations were performed. Results indicate that the maximum stresses in the dome truss system under open and closed conditions are 144.58 MPa and 189.51 MPa， respectively， both below the material yield strength. The calculations and simulations presented provide technical guidance and reference for the design of future large-scale telescope domes.关键词：telescope;dome;steel truss;comprehensive load;deformation ratio;stress ratio91|27|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在大靶面拼接探测器技术领域，专家建立了终端数据接收系统，验证了高速、无误接收大规模图像数据的猜想，为解决数据处理问题提供解决方案。”摘要：With advances in large-area plane-splicing detector technology， it is essential that data processing terminals reliably receive large-scale， high-resolution image data at high speed and without errors. A terminal data-receiving system was developed， comprising a hardware device with two optical-fiber interfaces， eight serial ports， and a PCI Express （PCIe） interface， together with a domestically developed device driver. An FPGA serves as the system’s central processing unit. This paper details the hardware architecture and several key technologies of the terminal data-receiving system， including optical-fiber data reception， data verification and buffering schemes， serial-port transmission control via the device driver， optimization of high-throughput data transfer between the hardware and host using scatter-gather DMA （SG-DMA）， and the design of the domestic device driver. Experimental results indicate a sustained data-receiving rate of 2.26 GB/s， error-free continuous long-term operation， and a minimum driver response time of 111 μs. The terminal data-receiving system demonstrates excellent stability， throughput， and latency characteristics， evidencing strong performance and broad application potential.关键词：image acquisition;optical fiber communication;device driver;PCIe;SG-DMA65|25|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在超大口径地基望远镜主轴伺服控制领域，提出了基于多电机同步驱动的控制方法，实现了望远镜高精度控制，为后续更大口径望远镜控制系统设计提供参考。”摘要：To satisfy the servo requirements of main axes for next-generation ultra-large ground-based telescopes， a multi-motor synchronous drive control method and corresponding experimental validation are presented. Using a 4 m telescope as the platform， the control-system hardware is described and an EtherCAT-based multi-motor synchronous control architecture is developed. Parameter calibration procedures and test results are reported for the azimuth segmented-arc permanent-magnet synchronous motors （SAPMSM） and the assembled elevation motors. The speed controller is synthesized as an optimal second-order system； a structural filter and an anti-windup scheme are incorporated to achieve rapid， overshoot-free speed response. To quantify torque ripple， a torque-current-based analysis method is introduced， demonstrating that torque ripple can be mitigated by matching motor electrical phases. An extended state observer （ESO） is further employed to enable torque feedforward compensation. Experimental results indicate that direct drive of the mount attains a first natural frequency of 20 Hz. The elevation dual-drive architecture exhibits superior dynamic characteristics， with a velocity closed-loop bandwidth of 6 Hz. The telescope produces rapid， overshoot-free speed responses in both the linear （low-speed） and nonlinear （high-speed） regimes. After application of the torque-fluctuation feedforward compensation on the elevation axis， speed fluctuation was reduced from 0.000 868 （º）/s to 0.000 341（º）/s， significantly enhancing speed stability. These results demonstrate that the proposed multi-motor synchronous drive system meets the high-precision demands of the telescope and offers a valuable reference for control-system design of larger-aperture telescopes.关键词：ground-based telescope;Permanent Magnet Sychronous Motor（PMSM）;synchronous drive;EtherCAT bus;anti-windup;ESO;torque ripple151|29|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在大型车载光电望远镜领域，专家提出了基于补偿和预测模型的扩张状态观测器在线扰动估计和补偿方法，有效提升了系统的抗扰动能力。”摘要：The servo system of a large vehicle-mounted electro-optical telescope is affected by time-varying disturbances， such as motor cogging torque， which degrade tracking performance. To enhance the disturbance rejection capability of the telescope servo， current and speed control loops were first designed. Based on this control architecture， methods employing direct current compensation and observer-based feedforward compensation were compared for mitigation of periodic and time-varying disturbances induced by cogging torque. Their practical limitations were analyzed， and an online disturbance estimation and compensation method was proposed， combining extended state observers with compensation and prediction models to suppress tracking fluctuations caused by disturbance torque. The proposed approach was validated through simulation and experiments. When following a 1（°）/s speed command， the RMS of the speed fluctuation error was reduced from 0.007 60 （°）/s without compensation to 0.003 45 （°）/s， a relative decrease of 54.6%. When tracking a position slope command at 1 （°）/s， the RMS of the position tracking error was reduced from 0.997″ without compensation to 0.157″， a relative decrease of 84.3%. The results demonstrate that the presented method effectively improves the disturbance rejection performance of the servo system for large vehicle-mounted electro-optical telescopes.关键词：electro-optical telescope;disturbance suppression;Servo Control;observer89|25|0更新时间：2025-12-10
- “在自适应光学系统领域，专家提出了一种评估天光背景影响的方法，为提升白天观测效率提供数据支撑。”摘要：To address strong sky background interference in daytime adaptive optics （AO） systems， a method is proposed to quantitatively evaluate sky brightness distribution and its impact on observations by calibrating the Hartmann wavefront sensor to compute the equivalent magnitude of the sky background， without introducing additional equipment. Experimental results indicate that the equivalent magnitude of the sky background decreases with increasing solar elevation and with decreasing observation elevation angle； during typical target tracking， sky background brightness can vary by approximately one magnitude at a fixed azimuth. The computed magnitudes exhibit strong agreement with the Kasten-Young linear air mass model. Spatio-temporal analysis of the Hartmann target surface shows that mean grayscale values differ significantly among sub-apertures， while their short-term fluctuation trends remain consistent. The standard deviation of sky background image fluctuations is substantially larger in the spatial domain than in the temporal domain， with an approximate ratio of 1.68. Consequently， effective daytime target observation requires attention to spatial nonuniformity within sub-apertures and implementation of dynamic pixel-wise sky background modeling. The proposed method and experiments provide quantitative data to support dynamic parameter adjustment and noise suppression in AO systems， thereby improving daytime observation efficiency and target detection capability.关键词：adaptive optics;daytime sky background;Hartmann wavefront sensor;stellar magnitude;spatio-temporal characteristics94|21|0更新时间：2025-12-10
Technological Innovations and Scientific Frontiers of Ground-Based Large Optical Telescopes
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