最新刊期
卷 33 ， 期 7 ， 2025
- “在大型高端装备制造领域，专家设计了激光跟踪仪的主动对准式姿态测量靶标，建立了测量模型和误差校正方法，为工业大尺寸姿态参数精密测量提供解决方案。”摘要：To address the requirements of quality inspection and assembly process control in large-scale high-end equipment manufacturing， an active aiming-based attitude measurement target for laser trackers was developed. A comprehensive mathematical model for attitude measurement was established， accompanied by parameter calibration procedures and nonlinear error compensation methods. The structural composition， operational principles， coordinate system definitions， and data acquisition and preprocessing techniques of the active aiming target were systematically presented. Attitude-solving models were constructed based on constraints derived from laser beam vectors and gravitational vectors. Furthermore， a feedforward neural network was employed to compensate for nonlinear errors inherent in the model-derived attitude data. Calibration strategies for parameter matrices and neural network training were formulated and evaluated. Experimental validation， including parameter calibration and attitude measurement， was performed using the active aiming target. The results indicate that within a 15 m range， the root-mean-square deviation between the proposed target and a Leica T-MAC sensor is 0.030°， satisfying the precision requirements for typical industrial large-scale attitude measurements.关键词：attitude measurement;laser tracker;parameter fusion;active aiming;inertial sensing0|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “在全视场外差干涉测量领域，专家提出了基于双棱镜的新型干涉仪构型，有效降低寄生波混频影响，提升测量精度。”摘要：To improve measurement applicability and reduce the impact of stray light and frequency mixing on interferometric results， a high-precision， low-noise dynamic interferometric measurement system is proposed. This system is based on a novel double-prism dynamic interferometer design， suitable for full-field heterodyne dynamic interferometric measurement techniques. It addresses the effects of frequency mixing on measurement results， further mitigates the influence of stray light， and utilizes ideal fiber-optic output to replace the reference surface， thereby avoiding the impact of reference surface nonuniformity on measurement accuracy. This paper explains the basic configuration of the interferometer， describes the measurement principles， models and simulates stray light in the new double-prism structure， provides additional analysis on frequency mixing errors， and presents experimental validation of stray light and frequency mixing effects.Experimental results show that the stray light in the divergent structure differ by up to an order of magnitude of 3.2 compared to those in the parallel light structure. This configuration is free from frequency mixing effects. When measuring a component with a 3% reflectivity， the introduced surface shape measurement error is less than 0.015 5λ relative to the Twyman-Green configuration， which is consistent with simulation results.The full-field heterodyne dynamic measurement technique based on the double-prism configuration enhances measurement applicability， reduces the impact of stray light frequency mixing on low-frequency measurement results， suppresses the effects of frequency mixing， and further improves the measurement accuracy of the interferometer.关键词：interferometric measurement;double-prism configuration;full-field heterodyne;stray light;frequency mixing1|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “最新研究显示，波长调制-直接吸收光谱技术在铷同位素丰度测量中具有高信噪比和免标定优势，为地质科学等领域提供快速高灵敏度测量方案。”摘要：Rubidium isotope analysis provides critical insights into the origin and history of samples， with significant applications in geology， biomedicine， and forensic science. Wavelength modulation-direct absorption spectroscopy （WM-DAS） offers advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and calibration-free operation， enabling rapid， high-sensitivity measurements of gaseous metal atom isotopic abundances. In this study， RbCl was used as the sample， and electrothermal reduction was employed to generate gaseous Rb atoms. The WM-DAS technique was integrated with threshold denoising to enhance signal quality. Absorption profiles of Rb atomic D2 transitions were recorded using DAS， WM-DAS， and denoised WM-DAS methods， followed by Gaussian fitting. Signal-to-noise ratios were improved by factors of 1.40 and 1.84， respectively， with an additional enhancement of 1.48 times upon accounting for the hyperfine structure of the D2 line. The temperature of gaseous Rb atoms was determined to be 439 K， corresponding to a saturated vapor pressure of 1.826 Pa. The isotope ratio of 85Rb to 87Rb was measured as 2.613±0.007， achieving a precision of 0.779%， superior to that obtained by DAS alone. The detection limit for ^85Rb was established at 0.23%， satisfying the requirements for rubidium ore analysis. The combination of WM-DAS with electrothermal reduction demonstrates high precision and robust interference resistance， rendering this method highly suitable for field measurements and promising for isotope abundance analysis.关键词：wavelength modulation-direct absorption spectroscopy;Rb isotope;hyperfine structure;absorptivity function0|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “在全斯托克斯探测领域，研究者提出了基于石墨烯-金属纳米天线的偏振探测器，利用石墨烯上矢量光电流及神经网络方法解算，实现全斯托克斯参数时空一致探测，为集成化、小型化探测提供新思路。”摘要：Traditional Full-Stokes detection methods are based on time-division or spatial-division approaches， which suffer from drawbacks such as large device size， challenging integration， and inability to detect consistently in space and time. Recent advancements in two-dimensional materials and metamaterials have made it possible to realize ultracompact， spatiotemporally coherent Full-Stokes detectors based on well-defined polarization-sensitive structures at subwavelength scales. This study proposes a polarization detector based on graphene-metal nanoantennas， which leverages vector photocurrents generated on graphene and a neural network algorithm for reconstruction， enabling spatiotemporally coherent Full-Stokes parameter detection. Vector photocurrents under different polarization states of incident light were obtained through FDTD simulations. Subsequently， a mapping relationship
- “在射线照相系统性能测定领域，专家构建了双丝型像质计射线理论成像模型，推导出图像对比度传递函数的计算公式，为射线照相系统性能测定提供有效技术途径。”摘要：Current international standards restrict the use of the duplex-wire type IQI to evaluating basic spatial resolution， leaving its broader potential underexplored. This study seeks to extend the application scope of the duplex-wire type IQI by proposing novel methods for assessing radiographic system performance. Initially， a theoretical imaging model of the duplex-wire type IQI is developed， facilitating derivation of a formula for calculating the image contrast transfer function （CTF） and comprehensive analysis of the effects of IQI placement， radiation energy， and line spread function （LSF）. Subsequently， the least-squares method is employed to estimate the CTF， enabling calculation of the LSF and modulation transfer function （MTF）. Integration with an improved Akima interpolation method permits more precise measurement of the system's basic spatial resolution. Furthermore， the duplex-wire type IQI is utilized to calibrate the detector and characterize the focal spot shape of the radiation source， as well as to predict the LSF and MTF across varying imaging magnification ratios. The proposed approach has been rigorously validated using a 9 MeV micro-focus petal CT system and a 300 kV micro-focus industrial CT system developed in China. Experimental results demonstrate that the duplex-wire type IQI serves not only in measuring basic spatial resolution but also plays a critical role in quantifying the CTF， LSF， and MTF of radiation sources， detectors， and imaging systems， thereby offering a effective way for comprehensive performance evaluation of radiographic inspection systems.关键词：radiographic examination;duplex-wire type image quality indicator;contrast transfer function;line spread function;modulation transfer function;focal spot measuring;petal CT system1|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
Modern Applied Optics
- “结构光三维重建技术在多个领域展现应用潜力，MEMS振镜式结构光技术发展潜力巨大，为提高测量精度指明方向。”摘要：Structured light-based 3D reconstruction serves as a fundamental component in the perception of the three-dimensional real world by intelligent systems， exhibiting significant potential across various industrial domains such as industrial inspection， intelligent manufacturing， biomedicine， robotic vision guidance， virtual reality， and embodied intelligence. This study first reviews prevalent fringe projection techniques， emphasizing both the established mainstream DLP fringe projection and the novel MEMS mirror-based fringe projection technologies. A comprehensive comparison is conducted regarding operational principles， performance metrics， and respective advantages and limitations， highlighting the promising developmental trajectory of MEMS mirror-based structured light technology. Subsequently， calibration challenges arising from the non-invertible camera characteristics inherent to MEMS structured light are addressed by summarizing several physically interpretable calibration models tailored for MEMS systems. Distinct from DLP structured light， MEMS structured light employs laser beam scanning and introduces unique error sources， which are systematically analyzed to inform future strategies for measurement accuracy enhancement. Finally， the applications of structured light are discussed， and future development trends of MEMS structured light technology are projected.关键词：structured light;3D reconstruction;MEMS vibration mirror;fringe projection profilometry;error source;system calibration0|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “在微弱荧光检测领域，研究人员设计了高信噪比微反射器零模波导器件，荧光检测信噪比提升约4.27倍。”摘要：This study addresses the limitations of low signal collection efficiency and suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio in zero-mode waveguide （ZMW） devices employed for fluorescence detection. A micro-reflector ZMW device was designed and fabricated to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in fluorescence measurements. Finite element electromagnetic simulations demonstrated a significant improvement in the spatial distribution and intensity of excitation and emission fields within the device. The ZMW apertures and a three-stage micro-reflector structure， with a height of 6.48 μm and a bottom diameter of 4.24 μm， were fabricated using a thick adhesive process followed by exposure etching， complemented by focused ion beam perforation and additional micro-nano fabrication techniques. Fluorescence performance was evaluated using fluorescent microspheres， and detection efficiency was assessed through fluorescence imaging. Quantitative analysis of grayscale intensity and signal-to-noise ratio revealed that the developed device achieved a fluorescence detection signal-to-noise ratio of 119.6， representing an approximate 4.27-fold enhancement compared to conventional ZMW devices without the micro-reflector. This high signal-to-noise ratio ZMW device demonstrates significant potential for applications in weak fluorescence detection and related fields.关键词：zero-mode waveguide;micro-reflector;signal-to-noise ratio;fluorescence signal detection4|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “在飞行汽车领域，专家提出了一种新型气动外形设计，通过仿真模拟验证了其安全性和稳定性，为飞行汽车发展提供了新方向。”摘要：To address the technical challenges associated with high-speed performance and extended endurance of flying cars， a hidden ducted aerodynamic design featuring a circular cavity is proposed. A parameterized modeling approach was developed， taking into account the overall weight constraints of the flying car， as well as the specifications of the engine and annular cavity. Three-dimensional models of the outer surface， annular cavity， and twin tail fins were constructed to establish the aerodynamic configuration of the vehicle. To evaluate the influence of varying aerodynamic features， a comparative analysis between single tail and twin-boom configurations was performed through multiple simulation experiments using FLUENT software. An in-depth investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of three configurations at angles of attack of 0°， 3°， and 5° was conducted under both ground driving and flight conditions， with resulting cloud maps and aerodynamic characteristic curves obtained. The experimental results indicate that， under identical operating conditions， increasing the angle of attack leads to a rise in lift coefficient， drag coefficient， and lift-to-drag ratio. Notably， the drag coefficient exhibited abrupt changes in the single tail and twin-boom configurations， whereas the double tail configuration demonstrated more stable aerodynamic behavior， thereby better satisfying the safety and stability requirements of the flying car.关键词：flight vehicle;ducted;Parametric modeling;aerodynamic characteristic;double tailed4|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
- “在图像增强领域，专家提出了基于光照强度扩散的低光照图像增强方法LightDiffu-DCE，有效提升了图像轮廓清晰度和色彩鲜明度。”摘要：A Light Diffusion-based Zero-Reference Deep Curve Estimation algorithm （LightDiffu-DCE） is proposed to address the uneven distribution of light intensity from multiple sources in low-light images， which often results in the loss of image contour features and unnatural enhancement effects. To improve the model’s generalization capability， a diffusion model grounded in light intensity modeling of light sources is employed to generate training datasets with varied illumination levels. Subsequently， a depth profile estimation network incorporating edge feature fusion is designed to extract richer multi-scale contour and detail features， thereby enhancing the accuracy of light intensity estimation. Furthermore， atmospheric light estimation is integrated to calculate the illumination of different image regions， enabling dynamic fine-tuning of enhancement curves and coefficients for more natural lighting recovery. Experimental evaluations on the challenging ExDark （non-contrast） and LOL （contrast） datasets， utilizing six rigorous metrics， demonstrate the superiority of LightDiffu-DCE. Specifically， on the ExDark dataset， improvements of approximately 8.35%， 6.20%， and 21.83% are achieved in the no-reference metrics NIQE， PIQE， and RISQ， respectively； on the LOL dataset， gains of approximately 12.12%， 4.76%， and 49.89% are observed in the reference-based metrics PSNR， SSIM， and RMSE. These results substantiate that LightDiffu-DCE effectively enhances low-light images， restoring clarity， vividness， and naturalness.关键词：computer vision;diffusion model;low light intensity enhancement;edge features;depth curve estimation network4|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “在飞机机翼装配领域，专家提出了基于视觉的线缆支架装配检测方法，实现了96.08%的准确率和100%的错误装配零件召回率，显著提高了检测效率和准确性。”摘要：To ensure assembly quality， traditional methods rely on manual visual inspection， which often suffers from limited stability and accuracy. Addressing the limitations of existing assembly inspection techniques， a vision-based compliance inspection method for wing cable bracket assembly is proposed. To mitigate missing image information caused by strong reflections from metal brackets， polarization imaging technology is employed to enhance the imaging quality. To resolve the challenge of mixed foreground and background information in the assembly scene， a two-stage instance segmentation algorithm is developed by integrating YOLOv8 with SAM， enabling rapid deployment and precise part segmentation. To compensate for viewpoint discrepancies resulting from repeated positioning errors between the actual standard and the assembly drawing， invariant features are extracted for image alignment. Finally， pixel-level mask intersection over union （IoU） metrics between corresponding parts are calculated to identify incorrect or missing assemblies. Compared to manual inspection， the proposed method substantially improves inspection efficiency. Experimental results validate its effectiveness， demonstrating an accuracy of 96.08% and a recall rate of 100% for misassembled parts， thereby confirming its high deployment efficiency， accuracy， and robustness.关键词：visual inspection;instance segmentation;template matching;cable bracket;polarization imaging0|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “最新研究提出基于多分支残差注意力网络的水下图像增强算法，有效改善图像色彩、对比度和细节，为水下图像分析提供新方法。”摘要：To address color distortion， low contrast， and blurred details in underwater images， a novel enhancement algorithm based on a multi-branch residual attention network is proposed. Initially， a multi-branch color enhancement module is integrated before and after the encoder and decoder to adaptively correct image color deviations. Subsequently， a residual attention module is incorporated at the network’s bottleneck to mitigate feature loss between the encoder and decoder， thereby improving image detail preservation. A composite feature loss function is employed to facilitate comprehensive feature learning and effective retention of edge information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in both subjective perception and objective evaluation metrics. Specifically， the average peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） and structural similarity index （SSIM） on the LUSI test set reach 27.420 dB and 0.885， representing improvements of 3.9% and 0.8%， respectively， over the next best method. On the EVUP test set， PSNR and SSIM attain 26.159 dB and 0.851， with enhancements of 3.3% and 1.3%， respectively. These results confirm the algorithm's effectiveness and robustness in underwater image quality enhancement， offering a valuable approach for image analysis in underwater engineering applications.关键词：underwater image enhancement;deep learning;residual attention module;multi-branch color enhancement module;attention mechanism;joint loss function4|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
- “在图像融合领域，研究者提出了一种基于多尺度空间注意力互补的红外和可见光图像融合方法，有效平衡复杂场景信息，为复杂场景下目标检测和识别提供潜在应用价值。”摘要：Current infrared and visible image fusion methods tend to introduce excessive redundant infrared information， impairing the ability to balance complex scene details and resulting in suboptimal fusion outcomes. To address these limitations， a novel fusion approach based on multi-scale spatial attention complementarity is proposed. This method employs a dual-branch convolutional network to separately extract features from infrared and visible images， followed by difference-based complementary processing. Multi-scale spatial attention mechanisms are then applied to the feature maps， culminating in regression-based superposition to achieve balanced fusion of complementary features. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that， compared to mainstream methods such as Densefuse and PIAFusion， the proposed approach achieves improvements of 4.1% and 4.3% in mutual information （MI）， and 5.0% and 2.3% in visual information fidelity （VIF）， respectively. These results indicate enhanced retention of target features and effective suppression of redundant information within complex scenes. The method exhibits strong feature balancing capabilities and holds significant potential for applications in target detection and recognition under challenging environmental conditions.关键词：image fusion;infrared and visible image;double branch convolutional network;complementary difference;multi-scale spatial attention;regression overlay0|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
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