最新刊期
卷 33 ， 期 8 ， 2025
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Research on transmission and self-healing characteristics of high-order vector Bessel vortex beams AI导读
“高阶矢量Bessel涡旋光束研究取得新进展，为光学捕获、成像、通信等领域应用提供新方案。”摘要：High-order vector Bessel vortex beams， due to their non-diffracting， self-healing properties and the simultaneous presence of anisotropic vortex polarization distribution and helical phase on their cross-sections， have significant application potential in fields such as information transmission， imaging， anti-interference， and particle manipulation. This paper， based on the mode extraction principle and optical pen technology， replaced the traditional method of generating high-order vector Bessel vortex beams by modulating two separate beams. It simulated and experimentally verified the generation of high-order vector Bessel vortex beams from a single incident beam， and studied their transmission characteristics and self-healing properties in free space. Additionally， taking the topological charge and the vortex order of the vector Bessel vortex beam as 0， 1， and 2 respectively， the influences of the two on the transmission and self-healing properties of the vector Bessel vortex beam were compared and analyzed. Both numerical simulations and optical experiments showed that during beam transmission， the order of the vortex beam and the topological charge did not affect the non-diffracting state of maintaining the central region's light intensity from diverging； after encountering obstacles that disrupted propagation， beams with smaller topological charges required less time for self-healing. This has important potential significance for application research in optical trapping， optical imaging， optical communication， and other fields.关键词：high-order vector Bessel vortex beams;non-diffraction property;self-healing property15|3|0更新时间：2025-06-19 - “在光学镜头中心偏差测量领域，专家提出了全视场外差干涉测量方法，实现了高精度测量，为提高测量精度提供新方案。”摘要：To meet the increasing demands for greater precision in measuring the centering error of optical lenses， this paper proposed a centering error measurement method based on full-field heterodyne interferometry. This method used the actual optical axis of the test lens as the measurement reference， obtained the wavefront by measuring the interference fringes generated by the reflected beam of the measured lens and the reference beam， and performed Zernike polynomial fitting. The tilt coefficients of the Zernike polynomials were then converted into the centering error of the test lens， achieving high-precision measurement of the centering error and eliminating the reliance on an external rotational stage. Based on heterodyne interference and centering error principle， the influence of laser intensity fluctuations and heterodyne frequency fluctuations on wavefront and decenter measurement results was analyzed. The results showed that measurement errors were positively correlated with laser intensity and heterodyne frequency fluctuations and were also affected by the curvature and decenter of the test lens. A decenter measurement system based on heterodyne interferometry was constructed， achieving high-precision decenter measurement， which was compared with simulation results. The simulation results show that the measurement accuracy of the system is not less than 0.06″， and experimental results validated the simulations. The study indicates that， compared to traditional autocollimation-based decenter measurement methods， the heterodyne interferometry method can achieve higher measurement accuracy.关键词：heterodyne interferometry;Interferometry technology;centering error;assembling apparatus7|3|0更新时间：2025-06-19
- “在光通信领域，研究者设计了一种二信道滤波系统，能精准耦合不同波长的光信号至下载波导，为光路集成设计提供理论基础。”摘要：Based on the temporal coupled-mode theory and the light-controlling characteristics of line-defect waveguides and point-defect resonant cavities， a two-channel filtering system composed of a main waveguide， two drop waveguides， two resonant cavities， and two reflecting cavities was designed using the two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal. The band structures of the complete photonic crystal and the line-defect waveguide were calculated by the plane-wave expansion （PWE） method， and the modal distribution of the point-defect resonant cavity was analyzed. Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain （FDTD） method， the transmission characteristics of the filtering system were investigated. The effects of linear variations in the distances from the reflector and reflection cavity to the reference plane of the resonant cavity on the system’s download efficiency were analyzed. Additionally， the variation patterns of transmittance peaks with these distance parameters were elucidated. Guided by the calculation results， the simulation design of the filtering system was implemented. The simulation results demonstrate that the filtering system can couple the optical signals with wavelengths of 1 561.2 nm and 1 570.5 nm into their respective drop waveguides with relatively high precision. The transmission efficiencies of them are 98.9% and 97.2%. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） values are 3.3 nm and 3.5 nm. The quality factors are 473 and 449， and the wavelength interval is
Modern Applied Optics
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Output performance of valveless piezoelectric pumps with airfoil baffles at various angles of attack AI导读
“在流体力学领域，研究人员探究了翼型攻角对无阀压电泵性能的影响，发现攻角增大会导致泵输出性能降低，为泵设计提供新思路。”摘要：This study explored the effect of varying the angle of attack of airfoil on the output performance of the valveless piezoelectric pump. It placed symmetrical and asymmetrical airfoils in the tube respectively， and designed valveless piezoelectric pumps with airfoil baffles at various angles of attack（0°，5°，10° and 15°）. Output performance tests were conducted on the piezoelectric pump. Additionally， flow field simulations using COMSOL software were performed to analyze the vortex structures and energy dissipation characteristics. The experimental results showed that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics （NACA） 0015 piezoelectric pump performs optimally at a 0° angle of attack， achieving a maximum flow rate of 235.56 ml/min. Under the same angle of attack， the performance of the piezoelectric pump with symmetrical airfoil baffles was better than that of the piezoelectric pump with asymmetrical airfoil baffles. As the angle of attack increased， the piezoelectric pump performance decreased. The simulation results indicated that the scale of the vortices around the airfoil baffle during the reverse flow was higher than that during the positive flow； under the same angle of attack， the vortices around the NACA63-412 airfoil were significantly denser and larger than those around the NACA0015 airfoil. Increasing the angle of attack led to vortex aggregation and intensity rise， accompanied by escalated energy dissipation. The study concludes that the angle of attack significantly affects the pump's performance， with larger angles exacerbating energy dissipation and reducing output. This research provides new insights and theoretical foundations for the design and optimization of high-performance valveless piezoelectric pumps.关键词：piezoelectric pump;airfoil baffle;energy dissipation;vortex identification11|4|0更新时间：2025-06-19 - “在位移测量领域，专家提出了基于球阵列的磁阻式时栅位移测量新方法，实现了微米级精度的大量程测量，具有重要的应用价值。”摘要：Aiming at the problem that traditional displacement sensors do not balance both long range and high precision， a new displacement measurement method combining the time-grating principle with the magnetoresistive effect based on a spherical array was proposed. The orthogonally changing magnetic field was constructed by using spatial orthogonal excitation windings， and the magnetic field was accurately constraint-controlled by the spatial periodic sensing structure. The mapping relationship between magnetoresistance and displacement was established by using induction windings to pick up the change in the magnetic field， which revealed the displacement sensing mechanism. The model parameters were optimized by electromagnetic simulation， the sensor prototype was developed， the experimental platform was built， and the measurement error experiments of the sensor were conducted. The experimental results show that the sensor has a measurement error of ±9.4 μm and a resolution of 0.1 μm within the 512 mm measurement range. Micrometer scale measurement accuracy is realized using the millimeter scale sensing unit， which greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the sensor. Furthermore， the measurement range can be increased with the requirements of the applications， and its high resolution measurement can be achieved without the interpolation technology. It can be used in harsh environments such as strong oil pollution conditions， which promises the significant academic value and engineering application value.关键词：spherical array;time-grating sensors;magnetic field constraint;Linear displacement4|3|0更新时间：2025-06-19
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Design and fabrication of microfluidic device used for concentration screening of targeted-drugs AI导读
“最新研究报道，科研团队开发了一种集成浓度梯度发生器的细胞共培养微流控器件，模拟体内流动环境，为靶向药物浓度筛选和个性化治疗提供技术平台。”摘要：To screen the concentrations of targeted drugs， a cell co-culture microfluidic device with an integrated concentration gradient generator was designed and fabricated. The principles of concentration gradient generation， the concentration fields， the velocity fields， and the ability of cell co-culture within the device were studied. A microchannel model capable of generating a 5∶1∶0 concentration gradient was designed based on the equivalent circuit principle， using a series-parallel structure to integrate the concentration gradient unit with the cell co-culture unit. The velocity and concentration fields were simulated and validated using the laminar flow and mass transfer modules in the finite element simulation software Comsol. The microfluidic device was fabricated using soft lithography techniques， and fluorescein sodium solution and polystyrene suspension with a 1 µm diameter were used to simulate drug concentration distribution. Co-culture of Hela cells and A549 cells was performed within the device， and the growth curves and folate receptor targeting of both cell types were analyzed. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the designed microfluidic device could generate the desired concentration gradient （5∶1∶0 ratio）， with concentration variation within each branch cell culture unit below 0.1%. The velocity distribution in the cell culture unit is uniform， with an average flow velocity of （7.1±0.3）µm/s under an inlet flow rate of 925 µm/s. The growth of both cell types follows an S-shaped growth curve， and membrane staining experiments demonstrate the successful parallel co-culture of two cell types within the microfluidic device. These findings demonstrate that microfluidic device could simulate the in vivo fluidic environment of cells and provide a technological platform for targeted drug concentration screening and personalized therapy.关键词：microfluidics;cell microenvironment;targeted drugs concentration screening;parallel co-culture3|2|0更新时间：2025-06-19
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
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Spatial adaptation and frequency fusion network for single remote sensing image super-resolution AI导读
“在遥感图像超分辨率领域，SAF2Net通过挖掘混合尺度全局信息和融合空间-频率互补特征，展现出竞争力的重建性能。”摘要：Most of the existing methods of remote sensing image super-resolution are unable to fully explore the self-similarity information at hybrid scales and the correlation between cross-scale regions. Moreover， these methods ignore the ability of the frequency domain to perceive the high-frequency information of the images. To address this problem， a Spatial Adaptation and Frequency Fusion Network （SAF2Net） was proposed. Firstly， SAF2Net introduced a hybrid-scale spatially-adaptive feature modulation， which adopted a feature pyramid-like approach to obtain discriminative features at different scales and enriched the expression ability of multi-scale features. Subsequently， a global multi-scale field selection block was designed to extract the correlation features of cross-scale regions. On this basis， a spatial adaptively selection block and a frequency separation selection block were introduced to fuse space-frequency complementary information to enhance local features， improving the model's ability to model the high-frequency content of images. Multiple sets of experiments are conducted on two remote sensing image datasets， which indicates that the quantitative evaluation metrics obtained by SAF2Net outperform those of other comparative methods. Taking the UCMerced dataset with 3 times super-resolution as an example， the proposed method improves PSNR and SSIM by 0.11 dB and 0.003 3， respectively， in compared with the next best method HAUNet. In terms of the subjective visual quality， SAF2Net is able to recover more clear texture details. The experimental results demonstrate that the SAF2Net proposed is capable of mining the hybrid-scale global information from two different perspectives as well as fusing the space-frequency complementary features effectively， which exhibits competitive performance in the remote sensing image super-resolution task.关键词：remote sensing image;super resolution;hybrid-scale features;space-frequency complementary information4|2|0更新时间：2025-06-19 - “在结构化环境中，单目视觉惯性SLAM系统融合异质特征，显著降低轨迹误差，提高定位精度和鲁棒性。”摘要：Planar feature is widely used in structured environments as a high-level geometric feature and is a good complement to most Simultaneous Localization and Mapping （SLAM） systems. In order to address the fact that new errors were introduced when fusing feature points with planar features and the possibility of planar degradation existed， we proposed a monocular visual inertial SLAM system that fuses heterogeneous features in this paper. Firstly， feature points were extracted from grayscale images； secondly， the set of feature points was triangulated and the results of the triangulation were transformed to the world coordinate system. Next， the initialization process was modeled as a constrained optimization problem and solved with the alternating-direction multiplier method in a distributed fashion. Then， the similar planes were clustered and the planes were fitted with the proposed planar collision probability model to get the corresponding bounded-plane parameters. Finally， geometric constraints on the plane features were introduced in the factor graph， and the camera motion as well as the plane parameters were simultaneously optimized by the error model. Compared with the typical visual inertial SLAM system VINS， the mean absolute trajectory error of the system proposed in this paper was reduced by 50% in the EuRoC dataset. The mean absolute trajectory error on the TUM-VI dataset was reduced by 40%. The method works stably and continuously in structured scenes and improves the localization accuracy and robustness in weakly textured regions.关键词：Simultaneous Localization and Mapping（SLAM）;visual inertia;distributed solving;bounded plane extraction;nonlinear optimization6|3|0更新时间：2025-06-19
- “在智能电网监测领域，本研究提出了一种基于偏振度与偏振光强双模态信息融合的检测方法，有效提升了隐患目标识别精度。”摘要：To enhance target detection accuracy in smart grid monitoring， especially under the challenging conditions posed by complex outdoor lighting， a comprehensive framework for fusing polarized and intensity images was proposed. To improve the accuracy of detecting potential hazards in smart grid monitoring systems under complex lighting conditions， this paper proposed a detection method based on the fusion of polarization and light intensity dual-modal information. This framework addressed the inherent difficulties of image analysis in diverse lighting scenarios， ensuring robust and accurate monitoring. Firstly， a dual-path feature fusion network was designed， which used dense convolutional modules to extract features from polarized intensity images and polarization degree images separately， thereby enhancing the retention capability of shallow information. Simultaneously， by constructing feature dependencies in both spatial and channel dimensions， new feature maps were selectively generated， solving the feature aggregation problem in feature fusion. Finally， a multi-scale adaptive structural similarity loss function was introduced， and a weighted algorithm was designed to optimize the quality of reference image generation， enhancing the structural fidelity and target saliency of the fused images， and further improving their quality. Experimental results demonstrate that， compared to state-of-the-art image fusion algorithms， the proposed method shows significant performance improvements across multiple evaluation metrics， compared to intensity images（S0）. These improvements are not only statistically significant but also visually apparent， as the fused images produced by our method are clearer， more detailed， and more informative. Ablation experiments further validate the effectiveness and practicality of the network modules and loss function. In a custom target detection dataset， the fused images generated by this method achieve a recognition accuracy of 91.5%， with an mAP@0.5 score of 0.916， These results showcase the superior performance of our method in objective evaluations and highlight its significant contribution to enhancing the detection accuracy of subsequent target detection networks in smart grid monitoring.关键词：Power Inspection;machine vision;polarization imaging;image fusion;object detection8|2|0更新时间：2025-06-19
- “超融合残差行进几何感知算法在遥感图像目标检测领域取得突破，有效提升检测准确性与稳定性。”摘要：This paper proposed an ultra-fusion residual marching geometric perception algorithm， which aimed to solve the challenges of multi-scale， dense overlap， and uneven data distribution in remote sensing image object detection. The hyper-fusion residual marching module optimized the network structure， and its multi-level convolution operation used different scale receptive fields to capture the details of each scale of the object， enhance the model’s perception of the object features， and achieve small-scale object feature extraction and large-scale object accurate positioning. The detection effect was accurately evaluated by calculating the geometric similarity between the detection and the real results， and the fit was carefully considered in the dense overlapping scene of the object， so as to screen the final results， reduce missed detection and false detection， and improve the mAP of the algorithm. A multi-path feature fusion module was designed to fuse different levels of feature information， extract richer object features， enhance network representation and discrimination capabilities， and improve detection mAP and stability. The experimental results on the NWPU-VHR-10 data set showed that mPrecision， mRecall， mAP and mF1 Score were increased by 0.041 9，0.104 0，0.045 5 and 0.085 0， respectively. The experimental results on the RSOD data set show that mPrecision， mRecall， mAP， and mF1 Score are increased by 0.022 1，0.103 4，0.061 9， and 0.087 5， respectively. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed ultra-fusion residual marching geometric perception algorithm in the field of remote sensing image object detection are fully proved.关键词：remote sensing images;object detection;geometric similarity;multipath feature fusion;ultra-fusion residual marching module10|4|0更新时间：2025-06-19
- “在海洋资源勘探和环境保护领域，水下目标检测技术取得新进展。专家提出了感知增强混合网络，有效提高了成像模糊和目标尺度多变情况下的检测精度，为水下目标检测提供了新方案。”摘要：Underwater object detection technology plays an important role in areas of marine resource exploration and environmental protection. However， the problems of blurred imaging and variable object scales in underwater environments pose difficulties for detection tasks. As a result， it is challenging for accurate underwater object feature extraction， which influences the detection performance of existing methods. To solve the above-mentioned problem， a feature enhanced hybrid network was proposed to improve the detection accuracy of underwater objects. Firstly， a global-local hybrid feature enhancement network was constructed. The long-range global information in the image was extracted via self-attention mechanisms， and the richer local detailed information was further calculated through the devised convolutional attention enhancement module. The global and local relationships in the images could be better established， hence the multiscale feature representation powers of the network were enhanced. Subsequently， in order to suppress the interference of imaging blurriness and low contrast in underwater environments， a two-stage object perception enhanced detection head was constructed. The depth of the first-stage region proposal network was increased， thus more semantic information of underwater objects could be extracted. Besides， the self-attention mechanism was introduced in the second stage to suppress the interference from background noise. Moreover， an intersection-over-union branch was added to further integrate the prior information of objects obtained from the first stage into the second stage. The proposed method achieves 37.8%， 61.8%， and 82.0%， 98.9% of
- “在动态环境中，一种结合目标检测和光流的对象级SLAM方法被提出，有效提升了定位精度。”摘要：Most existing visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping （SLAM） systems assume a static environment. This assumption leads to significant degradation in positioning accuracy in dynamic scenes.To address this limitation， this paper introduced an object-level dynamic SLAM method. The method integrated object detection with optical flow techniques. Object detection was used to acquire detailed semantic information about objects. Optical flow and object reprojection technologies were employed to distinguish between static and dynamic objects. Feature points associated with dynamic objects were subsequently removed. An optimal matching relationship was established between detected objects and map objects. Static objects were optimized within keyframes to improve localization accuracy. A dynamic quadratic surface optimization strategy was introduced. This strategy optimized dynamic quadratic surface models in the object map. It also enabled the tracking of dynamic object trajectories. Finally， the method reconstructed a dense static background. Experiments were conducted on the Bonn and TUM datasets. The results demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy. Absolute pose accuracy improves by 44.3%. Relative pose accuracy improves by 19.0%. These findings confirm that our method can deliver more precise and robust localization in dynamic scenes. To further validate the system’s online performance， real-world dynamic scenarios were tested. The experimental results met the expected performance standards. These tests confirmed the system’s reliability in practical applications.关键词：dynamic scenes;SLAM;optical flow;quadratic surface;object detection6|4|0更新时间：2025-06-19
- “在红外多光谱融合舰船目标检测领域，研究者基于YOLOv8n-MF提出了轻量级检测模型YOLOv8n-MFLW，体积小、精度高，检测性能优异。”摘要：In order to solve the problems of large size， low efficiency， and high deployment requirements for embedded devices of infrared multi-spectral ship targe detection models， a lightweight ship targe infrared multi-spectral detection model YOLOv8n-MFLW was proposed. Firstly， the model replaced the backbone network with a lightweight network， HGNetv2. Based on GSConv convolution， the modules of HGBlock and C2f were reconstructed to reduce the model parameter count while retaining the model's feature extraction and fusion capabilities. A self-adaptive sparse structured pruning algorithm， La-Depgraph， was proposed to prune the model， leading to a significant reduction in the model's parameters. Finally， an intermediate feature knowledge distillation learning strategy was employed to recover the accuracy loss caused by pruning and enhance the model's detection performance. Experimental results show that compared to the original model， the improved lightweight ship targe infrared multi-spectral fusion detection model achieves a detection accuracy of 96.4%， an increase of 1.2%. The model's parameter count， computational complexity， and memory usage are only 0.9 MB， 3.5 GFlops， and 2.3 MB， respectively， reduced by 88.1%， 81.2%， and 82.8%. Therefore， the proposed model is small in size and high in accuracy， it has a better detection performance and is capable for ship target detection tasks in complex environments.关键词：infrared ships;multispectral object detection;lightweight;model Pruning;knowledge distillation2|2|0更新时间：2025-06-19
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