最新刊期
卷 34 ， 期 6 ， 2026
- “介绍了其在煤热解领域的研究进展，专家采用TG-TDLAS实验与ReaxFF MD模拟相结合的方法，揭示了甲烷生成的微观机理，为提高能源转化效率提供了理论依据。”摘要：To elucidate the mechanism of methane （CH₄） formation during bituminous coal pyrolysis at the atomic scale， addressing the limitations of traditional experimental methods in capturing reaction precursors and microscopic pathways， this study employed a combined approach of thermogravimetric-tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy （TG-TDLAS） experiments and reaction molecular dynamics simulations （ReaxFF MD）. First， TG-TDLAS experiments were conducted to obtain the macroscopic temperature dependence and kinetic behavior of CH₄ generation. Second， based on elemental analysis， infrared spectroscopy， and ¹³C NMR characterization of bituminous coal samples， a molecular model （C₃₀₉H₂₀₃N₃O₁₈） was constructed. ReaxFF MD simulations analyzed the dynamic reaction processes of CH₃ radical cleavage， hydrogen migration， and CH₄ formation at different temperatures. Results indicate that experimentally measured CH₄ production peaks around 600 °C within the 450–750 °C range. Simulations reveal the microscopic mechanism： side-chain CH₃ fragments at approximately 1 100 K to form radicals， which subsequently convert to CH₄ by abstracting adjacent hydrogen atoms， peaking at 2 500 K. Both measurements show high consistency in production trends. The conclusion asserts that this method systematically elucidates， from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives， that CH₄ generation stems from the equilibrium process between precursor fragmentation and hydrogen abstraction. It validates the unique advantage of ReaxFF MD in revealing the behavior of intermediates within the complex reaction network of coal pyrolysis， providing a theoretical basis for understanding coal spontaneous combustion， pyrolysis pathways， and enhancing energy conversion efficiency.关键词：ReaxFF MD;pyrolysis;coal molecule model;CH40|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “介绍了其在空间光学元件损伤领域的研究进展，专家建立了超高速撞击模拟到光学性能退化的完整分析链路，为空间光学元件的损伤评估与防护设计提供了理论依据与方法支撑。”摘要：To investigate the damage to optical components and the scattering effects on optical systems caused by hypervelocity impact from space debris， a systematic study was conducted on the damage mechanisms and optical performance degradation effects of optical components subjected to hypervelocity impacts from space particles. This research employed a finite element method-smooth particle hydrodynamics （FEM-SPH） adaptive coupling approach， combined with hypervelocity impact experiments. This study investigates 2024-T3 aluminum particles within the size range of 0.1-1 mm， comprehensively examining the influence of four parameters： particle size， impact velocity， angle of incidence， and particle morphology （SAVM）. Numerical simulation results indicate that the diameter and depth of impact craters increase monotonically with particle size and impact velocity， with the most pronounced damage occurring at an incidence angle of approximately 25°. The morphology of different particles exerts a significant influence on the extent of damage， with damage caused by elongated cylindrical particles being the most pronounced. The evolution of the debris cloud and surface uplift phenomena observed during the impact process are primarily attributed to the coupled effects of stress wave propagation， dynamic plastic flow of materials， and SPH particle compression. Furthermore， by coupling the extracted damage morphology to the optical system model， the impact of surface defects caused by the collision on the system's optical performance was quantitatively analyzed. Research has revealed that when impact particle dimensions exceed 0.4 mm， the system extinction ratio （ER） diminishes markedly， falling below the engineering threshold of 40 dB. This paper establishes a complete analytical chain from hypervelocity impact simulation to damage morphology extraction and subsequent optical performance degradation. It provides theoretical foundations and methodological support for damage assessment and protective design of space optical components.关键词：MMOD;HVI;FEM-SPH;degradation of optical performance;stray light0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “介绍了其在球形光电成像平台姿态控制领域的研究进展，专家建立了多变量耦合动力学模型，探索了解耦分层控制方法，为解决多自由度强耦合与扰动问题提供解决方案。”摘要：High-precision attitude control is critical for spherical optoelectronic imaging platforms to perform optoelectronic detection tasks in confined spaces. However， multi-degree-of-freedom strong coupling and disturbance issues significantly degrade the system's steady-state performance and imaging quality. To address this challenge， we proposed a decoupled hierarchical control method tailored for such platforms. First， a multivariable coupled dynamic model of the spherical optoelectronic imaging platform was established. Based on the platform's fast and slow time scales， this multivariable coupled dynamic model was decomposed into a fast subsystem and a slow-varying subsystem. Then， a hierarchical control approach was developed： an adaptive sliding mode-assisted disturbance observer was designed for the fast subsystem， while PID control was employed in the slow subsystem for steady-state regulation， achieving stable platform attitude control under disturbances. Finally， under identical operating conditions and unified tuning principles， the proposed method was experimentally validated against disturbance observers and sliding mode control techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that under perturbations varying in magnitude and direction， the proposed decoupled hierarchical control method reduces the maximum roll angle deviation of the spherical photoelectric imaging platform by over 48.74 percent and shortens convergence time by over 36.06 percent compared to other algorithms， while exhibiting excellent adaptability to varying disturbance intensities. The proposed decoupled hierarchical control method enables the spherical photoelectric imaging platform to achieve high-precision attitude control under complex disturbances， providing technical support for maintaining stable imaging in unstructured environments.关键词：dynamic modeling;disturbance observer;sliding mode control;fast and slow subsystems;disturbance suppression0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
Modern Applied Optics
- “针对广域扫描成像系统动态像移问题，专家提出基于沟槽凸轮机构的像移补偿系统，通过沟槽凸轮—摆杆机构驱动平面反射镜，引入与扫描方向相反的视轴微偏转，实现对像移的周期实时补偿。实验结果表明，该系统在平台10 r/min连续旋转扫描条件下，能有效恢复图像质量，成功采集到无几何畸变、轮廓清晰无拖影的无人机目标图像，为低空目标探测与识别提供可靠且经济的像移补偿方法。”摘要：To address dynamic image motion induced by azimuthal rotation in wide-area scanning imaging systems， this paper proposed and implemented an optical image-motion compensation （IMC） system based on a grooved-cam-rocker mechanism. During the sensor integration period， the mechanism drove a flat mirror to introduce a small line-of-sight counter-deflection opposite to the scan direction， enabling periodic， real-time compensation of scan-induced image motion. The formation of image motion during scanning and the corresponding compensation principle were analyzed； cam-profile parameters were designed； a mapping between cam rotation angle and flat-mirror deflection angle was established； and a matching method between the integration time and the compensation time was designed. Experimental validation was performed using a wide-area scanning imaging and detection setup. Under continuous platform rotation at 10 r/min， the longitudinal/transverse CTF of USAF1951 target fringes in the dynamically compensated condition recovered to 73%/86% of that in static imaging， and the dot-target SSIM and PSNR relative to the static reference increased to 0.845 and 15.46 dB， indicating that the compensated target images were essentially consistent with the static results. For both visible and infrared bands， and for rolling-shutter and global-shutter modes， UAV images free of geometric distortion and motion smear were obtained； the compensated image sharpness met the requirements for detecting and recognizing weak， small targets. The proposed mechanism achieved real-time image-motion compensation under continuous scanning and provided a reliable， economical solution for wide-area continuous-scanning imaging in low-altitude defense and related applications.关键词：image-motion compensation;wide-area scanning imaging;cam mechanism;UAV detection0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “介绍了其在形状记忆合金执行机构控制领域的研究进展，相关专家提出了一种基于SMA自感知特性的逆迟滞前馈补偿和SMC - PID的闭环位移控制方法，为解决SMA执行机构大迟滞等严重非线性带来的控制困难提供了有效解决方案。”摘要：To address the control difficulties caused by severe nonlinearities such as large hysteresis in shape memory alloy （SMA） actuators， a closed-loop displacement control method combining inverse hysteresis feedforward compensation and sliding mode control-proportional integral derivative （SMC-PID） was proposed based on the self-sensing characteristics of SMA. First， a forward model of the actuator was established based on the working principle of SMA， and the inverse model was obtained by inverting the forward model of each module. Second， the resistance-displacement self-sensing model of the SMA actuator was established by experimental method based on the analysis of the resistance characteristics of SMA， thereby realizing displacement feedback without external sensors. Third， a composite control method combining inverse model feedforward and adaptive SMC-PID feedback was designed. The feedforward control was used to compensate for the nonlinearity and hysteresis of SMA， while the feedback control employed an adaptive SMC-PID controller with online parameter tuning to approximate the sliding mode equivalent control signal， and the stability of the system was proved. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional control approaches in tracking sinusoidal commands， continuous step commands during heating contraction and natural cooling process. For step command tracking， the settling time of step command signal tracking is no more than 17 s， and the displacement tracking error is no more than 0.2 mm. This realizes precise closed-loop displacement control of SMA actuators with strong robustness against system hysteresis and parameter uncertainties.关键词：shape memory alloy（SMA）;hysteresis nonlinearity;self-sensing;inverse compensation;PID adaptive sliding mode control;position control0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “介绍了其在微机电陀螺领域的研究进展，专家建立了等效单位负反馈频域模型，引入比例积分谐振控制器，为解决力平衡模式下带宽受限问题提供解决方案。”摘要：To address the limited measurement bandwidth of Force-To-Rebalance （FTR） mode Micro-Electro-Mechanical System （MEMS） gyroscopes under modal frequency mismatch and the difficulty of simultaneously maintaining adequate stability margins and bandwidth enhancement using conventional Proportional-Integral （PI） control， this study investigated the bandwidth mechanism and developed a performance-improvement approach. First， an equivalent unity negative-feedback frequency-domain model was established to characterize the bandwidth of FTR rate measurement， serving as a basis for controller design and parameter tuning. On this basis， the intrinsic mechanism was clarified whereby increasing the open-loop crossover frequency under PI control was constrained and inevitably led to degradation of stability margins. A Proportional-Integral-Resonant （PIR） controller was then introduced； by performing targeted magnitude-phase shaping around the modal frequency split， the resonant peak was suppressed and the open-loop crossover frequency was increased. Finally， the proposed method was experimentally validated on a four-mass MEMS gyroscope prototype and an angular vibration-table setup. Both simulations and experiments show that， with the PIR controller， the force-rebalance loop achieves a gain margin of 6.03 dB， a phase margin of 59.5°， and an open-loop crossover frequency of 25.1 Hz， corresponding to an increased measurement bandwidth of 125 Hz. Compared with the PI-controlled bandwidth of approximately 35 Hz， this represents an enhancement by a factor of about 3.5， accompanied by a flatter in-band magnitude response and a markedly improved dynamic response capability. The scale-factor and bias-related metrics remain essentially unchanged. By introducing resonant shaping around the modal frequency split， the PIR controller effectively overcomes the bandwidth bottleneck inherent to PI control， enabling a substantial expansion of FTR measurement bandwidth while preserving reasonable stability margins and static performance. The proposed approach provides a practical engineering reference for wideband dynamic measurement and operation under complex conditions.关键词：MEMS gyroscope;force-to-rebalance mode;proportional-integral-resonant controller;bandwidth expansion;magnitude-frequency characteristics0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “介绍了其在低成本显微镜领域的研究进展，相关专家构建了集成亚微米精密调焦与智能图像增强的超低成本显微系统，为解决现有智能手机显微镜对焦能力弱、成像质量差问题提供了可行的技术方案。”摘要：To address the core limitations of weak focusing capability and poor imaging quality in existing low-cost smartphone microscopes， this study aimed to construct an ultra-low-cost microscopic system that integrated submicron precision focusing and intelligent image enhancement. A compact optical path based on the 4-f principle was adopted， directly reusing the smartphone's native lenses to minimize hardware costs. Mechanically， a two-stage focusing mechanism consisting of an M3 bolt-nut pair for coarse adjustment and a T-shaped beam elastic structure for fine adjustment was designed to achieve wide-range， submicron-level （0.33 μm） focusing control. Algorithmically， an unpaired image translation （CUT） model based on contrastive learning was introduced to enhance image contrast and detail， compensating for the uneven illumination inherent in the simple setup.The experimentally constructed system has a total material cost of only 32.43 yuan and a weight of 262 grams. The system achieved a spatial resolution of 2.46 μm and a focusing sensitivity of 0.33 μm. The enhanced microscopic images showed a significant reduction in the Frechet distance （59.7% improvement） of high-level feature distributions compared to images from a desktop microscope. This research successfully developed a very low-cost， portable smartphone microscope with submicron focusing capability， validating the effectiveness of the innovative paradigm of “precision elastic mechanics+intelligent compensation algorithms”. It provides a feasible technical solution for popularizing microscopic detection in resource-limited settings.关键词：smartphone microscope;low-cost;3D printing;portable1|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
Micro\/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
- “在夜间道路成像领域，专家提出基于行列栅格感知Transformer的车道线检测方法，有效解决低光照下车道线检测难题，为自动驾驶安全行驶提供有力保障。”摘要：Under low-light or uneven lighting conditions at night， road imaging suffers from low visibility of lane lines， local overexposure， and shadows. Existing lane detection algorithms primarily focus on improving detection capabilities in normal lighting environments， neglecting the degradation of road features in nighttime lighting conditions， which compromises their accuracy and robustness. To address these issues， this paper proposed a lane detection method based on a Row-Column Grid-Aware Transformer. The proposed method first employed a Light Enhancement Curve module to normalize the illumination of input images， utilizing a Generative Adversarial Network （GAN） to map low-quality images to clear ones， effectively suppressing noise and overexposure. An encoder based on ResNet34 extracted multi-scale features. The core design was a Row-Column Grid-Aware Transformer module， which explicitly modeled the spatial structure and contextual relationships of lane lines through bidirectional row and column token encoding， enhancing the model's robustness to geometric deformations and local occlusions. The decoder consisted of a bilateral upsampling module and a confidence evaluation module， responsible for feature reconstruction and lane line existence prediction， respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an F1-score of 76.47% in nighttime scenes on the CULane dataset， representing an 11.09% improvement over a single-backbone network.The experimental results demonstrate that the detection accuracy of the proposed method surpasses that of current mainstream lane detection models， enabling precise and robust lane detection in complex nighttime environments.关键词：traffic engineering;lane line detection;semantic segmentation;transformer;grid perception0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “相关研究在跨模态行人重识别领域取得新突破，专家提出关系建模和频谱变换方法，有效解决红外与可见光图像模态差异大、特征对齐难等问题，显著提升识别性能，为该领域发展提供新思路。”摘要：Existing cross-modal person re-identification methods struggle to effectively address the significant modality gap between infrared and visible light images， often facing challenges in feature alignment and insufficient discriminative power， which severely limits recognition performance. To address this， this paper proposed a cross-modality person re-identification method based on relation modeling and spectrum transformation， starting from the perspectives of enhancing intrinsic feature correlations and mining common information in the frequency domain. First， to address the difficulty in aligning local feature semantics， a segment relation modeling framework was introduced with a self-attention mechanism， strengthening intra-modal local feature associations and establishing tighter contextual information. Second， to overcome the limitation of single-scale feature information， a multi-scale feature enhancement module was designed to improve the network's ability to capture subtle differences in people through multi-granularity perception. Finally， a channel spectral transformation process was designed to mine potential common spectral information in the frequency domain during feature extraction， further narrowing the modality gap. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves Rank-1 and mAP scores of 84.8% and 81.5%， respectively， in the all-search mode of the SYSU-MM01 dataset； 92.6% and 87.1% on the RegDB dataset； and 58.0% and 64.5% on the LLCM dataset.These results demonstrate significant advantages across multiple metrics， fully validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：person re-identification;cross-modality;image-text interaction;channel spectrum;attention mechanism2|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “介绍了其在遥感影像解译领域的研究进展，相关专家提出了一种面向遥感影像目标检测的场景关联无锚框YOLO网络（SRAF-YOLO），为提升目标检测精度和泛化能力提供了新方案。”摘要：Object detection is one of the most crucial tasks in remote sensing image interpretation. Currently， most deep learning-based remote sensing object detection models rely on predefined anchor boxes and often neglect contextual information in the scene， limiting detection performance and generalization ability. Based on this， this paper proposed a Scene-Related Anchor-Free YOLO （SRAF-YOLO） network tailored for remote sensing image object detection. SRAF-YOLO initially introduced a scene-enhanced multi-scale feature extraction module. By fusing scene features with object features， it generated scene-enhanced features rich in contextual information. Furthermore， it utilized multi-scale operations to extract multi-scale features containing scene semantics， effectively incorporating contextual information. On this basis， a scene-assisted anchor-free detection head was designed. It utilized scene information in the feature map to constrain target class prediction， thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Simultaneously， the anchor-free structure significantly reduced the computational load associated with anchor box parameters. Experimental results on the RSOD and NWPU VHR-10 datasets demonstrate that SRAF-YOLO improves object detection accuracy by fusing scene information and utilizing the anchor-free mechanism. The mean Average Precision （mAP） reaches 94.58% and 95.95% on these datasets， respectively， marking an improvement of 1.51% and 3.0% compared to the baseline model YOLOv8 and outperforming other comparative methods. Validation results on external datasets further confirm the algorithm's strong generalization ability.关键词：remote sensing images;object detection;anchor-free detection;scene context;multi-scale feature fusion1|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “针对微电子制造领域微纳操作的应用需求，专家提出一种改进特征点匹配与蚁群优化的微操作控制方法，为解决复杂环境下非规则微构件装配的精准识别与路径规划难题提供了有效解决方案。”摘要：In response to application requirements for micro- and nano-manipulation in the microelectronics manufacturing sector， and to address the challenges of precise recognition and path planning for the assembly of irregular micro-components in complex environments， this study proposed an enhanced micro-manipulation control methodology based on feature point matching and ant colony optimization. Targeting irregular metallic micro-components， with pipettes as the manipulation tool， a feature extraction and scale-structural consistency screening mechanism based on BRISK-SURF was established to achieve robust recognition and precise localization of manipulation points under conditions such as rotation and occlusion. An improved ant colony path optimization algorithm， integrated with A* pre-planning， was further designed by incorporating heterogeneous pheromone initialization， obstacle factors， and adaptive heuristic functions to enhance global search capability and convergence efficiency. Finally， a micro-manipulation platform was established to perform multi-objective assembly experiments involving spherical and irregular micro-components. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an operation point localization error within 1 μm， compared to existing vision localization algorithms based on SIFT and ORB， it demonstrates enhanced robustness. While the improved ant colony algorithm reduces path length by an average of 11.71% and search time by an average of 20.17 % compared to conventional algorithms. The methodology effectively meets the high-precision automated micro-manipulation demands under complex operational conditions.关键词：micro manipulation;micro components;feature point matching;path planning2|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
- “专家提出基于多特征相似性的离群噪声簇去除方法，为工业精密检测中复杂结构部件的三维点云去噪难题提供高效解决方案。”摘要：3D outlier noise removal in point clouds plays a crucial role in industrial precision detection. Due to the presence of outlier noise clusters in the point clouds of complex structural components， traditional denoising methods tend to misidentify them as small-sized targets and thus fail to remove them. This paper proposed an outlier noise clusters removal method based on multi-feature similarity by exploiting the different features between noise and target point clouds. First， the point cloud was divided into equally sized voxel grids， and a three-dimensional index was assigned to each voxel to establish voxel adjacency relationships. The voxels whose number of points was below a preset threshold were regarded as isolated outlier noise and removed. Subsequently， the remaining adjacent voxels were clustered according to their voxel indices to accelerate point cloud clustering. For each clustered point cloud， point density and surface roughness were computed to construct a multi-feature vector. Finally， the Mahalanobis distance was employed to measure the multi-feature similarity between point cloud clusters and target point clusters， and outlier noise clusters were removed by setting a similarity threshold based on the Mahalanobis distance of target point cloud clusters.Comparative experiments were conducted on the public synthetic dataset and self-captured real scene dataset with the dual thresholds denoising method DTD， the denoising method based on local neighborhood features DLNF and the deep learning-based denoising method POINTCLEANNET. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method's denoising precision P and recall R are 1 and 0.98 respectively， outperforming the other three methods. Moreover， the denoising time is the shortest， making it suitable for industrial online precision detection.关键词：3D point cloud outlier noise removal;multi-feature similarity;point cloud voxelization;point cloud clustering0|0|0更新时间：2026-03-27
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