To solve the incompatibilities between accuracy and high-speed target tracking capability, the control model of a servo system based on a photoelectric platform is established. By analyzing the benefits and limitations of the PID control strategy, an observational adaptive controller (OAC) is designed. First, the OAC employs an adaptive algorithm to improve tracking capability by adjusting the controller parameter values. Moreover, a proposed discontinuous observational projection of OAC controls the adaptive parameter values within the appropriate range that matches the current state. Thus, a state recognition approach is used to reduce the response time and suppress noise enlargement, and linear feedback can ensure robustness to external disturbances. Finally, the OAC adopts the method of arranging the transient dynamics in active disturbance rejection control to restrain the overshoot of the speed loop. Experimental results show that the dynamic error of LOS angular velocity by OAC is 0.05 (º)/s (standard deviation), which decreases by 53% compared with the proportion control when tracking a target with a velocity of 12 (º)/s. In the case of a target with a speed below 10 (º)/s, the overshoot is controlled within 8% and the dynamic error is less than 0.046 (º)/s. The results indicate that the OAC can improve the tracking accuracy and adaptability of the photoelectric tracking platform.
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