最新刊期
卷 32 ， 期 14 ， 2024
- “高光谱偏振技术在遥感、医学等领域取得显著进展，专家展望未来发展方向，为科学研究提供重要工具。”摘要：Hyperspectral polarization is a new technology that combines hyperspectral and polarization imaging. It has become a research hotspot in many scientific fields. The research progress of hyperspectral polarization technology is reviewed， and its future development direction is prospected. In this paper， we first introduced the basic principle of hyperspectral polarization technology， and explained the advantages of combining hyperspectral and polarization imaging. Then， the classification of polarization spectrum instruments was introduced according to different design principles. Next， the application of this technology in remote sensing， medicine， environmental monitoring， earth science and material science was discussed in detail. Through the review of case studied in different fields， the unique advantages of hyperspectral polarization technology in providing richer and more accurate information were demonstrated. Finally， the current challenges of hyperspectral polarization technology were analyzed， including the precision of instruments， the complexity of data processing， and the problem of effective integration with other sensing devices. In view of these challenges， the future technology development direction was discussed. Future research should focus on improving the hyperspectral and temporal resolution of the technology， improving the accuracy of data processing and analysis， and expanding the applicability of different application scenarios to better meet the needs of different fields. In summary， hyperspectral polarization technology， as a comprehensive and efficient means of information acquisition， had made remarkable research progress in many fields. By optimizing hyperspectral polarization technology to meet a wider range of applications， hyperspectral polarization technology was expected to become an important tool in future scientific research and practical applications.关键词：hyperspectral;hyperspectral polarization;imaging technology;polarization spectrometer
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在火箭回收高度测量领域，研究人员改进了去雾算法，提出了靶点特征提取算法，构建了数学模型，并通过实验验证了方法的可行性和精度。”摘要：Accurate measurement of rocket height is one of the important preconditions to complete the rocket recovery task. In o-rder to realize the real-time measurement of rocket height， the rocket recovery height measurement technology was studied based on monocular vision. Firstly， in view of the smoke scene in the process of rocket recovery， the transmission function was improved bas-ed on the He Kai light-dark channel de-fogging algorithm in combination with Retinex theory， so as to improve the adaptability o-f the de-fogging algorithm to different fog environments. Secondly， according to the characteristics of target in rocket recovery， an algorithm suitable for target feature extraction was proposed， and the feasibility and reliability of the algorithm were verified by e-xperiments. According to geometric characteristics of the rocket and the ground target， the mathematical model is built， and feasib-ility of the altitude algorithm is analyzed quantitatively by designing experiments. Finally， the influence of different defogging alg-orithms on the height measurement results under different fog concentrations is quantitatively analyzed. The simulation and exper-imental results show that the accuracy of rocket height calculated by the proposed method is within 0.5 m， which can meet the de-mand of height measurement in rocket recovery.关键词：rocket recovery;single image de-fogging;centroid extraction;height calculation;monocular vision
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在GIS状态诊断领域，专家建立了荧光抑制FERS检测系统，实现了SF6放电分解产物的动态高灵敏检测，为GIS安全运行提供技术支撑。”摘要：Analyzing the dynamic change of composition and concentration of SF6 discharge decomposition products is the key to SF6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear （GIS） state diagnosis. This paper proposed a dynamic and high-sensitive detection method based on fluorescence-suppressed Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy （FERS）. Firstly， a fluorescence-suppressed FERS gas detection system of SF6 discharge decomposition products is established. With a Synergistic Fluorescence Filtering method combining CCD digital noise filtering and iris noise reduction， the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is increased by 228.4%. Based on Allan variance analysis， the optimal integration time of the system is determined to be 220 s. Next， by analyzing standard mixed gas samples under 2 bar pressure and 220 s integration time， the characteristic Raman peaks for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SF6 discharge decomposition products SOF2， SO2F2， COS， CF4， SO2， CO2 and CO are determined， and the lower limits of detection are calculated to be 1.95， 1.78， 0.83， 2.41， 0.93， 2.51， 6.69 ppm， respectively. Finally， by a 168-hour continuous partial discharge experiment in a reduced scale GIS model， the fluorescence-suppressed FERS gas detection system is proved capable of dynamic and high-sensitive detection of SF6 discharge decomposition products， and the deviation from gas chromatography result is within ±5%. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed detection method can provide technical support for the safe operation of GIS.关键词：SF6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear;SF6 discharge decomposition products;Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy;Synergistic Fluorescence Filtering;gas analysis
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发布时间：2024-10-23
Modern Applied Optics
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Shafting design and dynamic deformation error correction of two-dimensional laser tracking turntable AI导读
“在激光跟踪仪领域，专家研制了基于过定位双角接触轴承的二维转台，提高了动态坐标测量精度，为高精度测量提供解决方案。”摘要：The stability of shafting structure and the compensation accuracy of dynamic deformation error are the key factors for laser tracker to achieve high-precision dynamic coordinate measurement. To fulfill the stringent requirements of high precision and stability in dynamic coordinate measurement， a two-dimensional turntable based on an over-positioned double angular contact bearing shafting system has been developed. Initially， the design and precision analysis of the two-dimensional turntable shafting were conducted based on the performance specifications of the turntable. Subsequently， based on the designed structure， existing assembly techniques and the theory of elasticity， the mechanism of the dynamic deformation error of the turntable was analyzed， and the rationality of the theory was verified through rigid flexible coupling dynamics simulation. Finally， a method for measuring shafting dynamic errors based on the symmetric differential optical self-collimation principle was proposed to achieve the measurement and compensation of shafting stability and dynamic deformation errors. The two-dimensional laser tracking turntable， as a crucial component of laser trackers to achieve high-precision dynamic coordinate measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the repeatability of the turntable's dynamic deformation error is superior to ±0.6″， and the dynamic deformation error has been reduced from ±7″ to ±1″ after compensation. The stability and dynamic deformation error compensation accuracy of the designed turntable meet the requirements.关键词：laser tracker;two-dimensional laser tracking turntable;shafting accuracy;dynamic deformation error;optical autocollimation- 204
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在机械加工领域，专家建立了考虑刀具磨损和变摩擦系数的切削力模型，为提高切削效率和表面质量提供解决方案。”摘要：Tool wear and friction coefficients have a big impact on the cutting force and surface quality. To study the effect of tool wear and friction coefficients on cutting force， an cutting force model was developed， taking into account tool wear and variable friction coefficients. First， the edge radius for worn tool was looked at. It was shown that the edge radius gets bigger as the tool wears down. Next， the minimum cutting thickness for worn tool was explained. It was thought that the minimum cutting thickness gets bigger as tool wear and edge radius get bigger. Lastly， the cutting of Al alloy was researched by single crystal diamond tool， and compared the variations in cutting force with respect to cutting depth， feed speed， tool edge radius， tool wear width， and constant and variable friction coefficients. It was shown that the normal and tangential cutting forces increase with increasing depth of cut and feed rate. When the edge radius went from 150 nm to 450 nm， the tangential force went up by 1.13 times and the normal force went up by 2.12 times. When the tool wear width went from 0 to 0.55 μm， the tangential force went up by 1 time and the normal force went up by about 7 times， and the constant friction coefficient model has a maximum error in cutting force of 41%， whereas the variable friction coefficient model has a maximum error within 11%. Hence， the cutting model， which accounts for both tool wear and changing friction coefficients， aligns more closely with the real cutting process.关键词：cutting force model;variable friction coefficient;tool wear;diamond tool
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在X射线望远镜精密控温领域，专家建立了数学传热模型，设计了最优化加热器方案，成功应对非均匀、不连续精密控温难题。”摘要：In this paper， we aim to realize the precision temperature control of EP satellite X-ray telescope. By establishing the mathematical heat transfer model of Wolter-I swept-incidence X-ray telescope， heat transfer law in the focusing mirror group is revealed， and two types of active temperature control heaters are designed. In view of the difficulty in regulating the thermal field caused by the non-uniform and discontinuous configuration of the telescope， an optimized precision temperature control method was proposed， taking into account the temperature control index and the difficulty of process development， and a cost function was constructed on how to partition and deploy the heat compensation. By setting the weighting parameters of average deviation， maximum deviation， number of zones and minimum zone length， the optimal design of the first type of heater was obtained. The whole-satellite vacuum test results show that： the temperature range of 54 lenses is 19.1~20.9 ℃， and the time domain temperature stability is good， the fluctuation is less than 0.2 ℃， which meets the index requirement of （20±1）℃ for X-ray telescope， and the weighting parameters are reasonably designed. The method proposed in this study successfully copes with the problem of precision temperature control for non-uniform and discontinuous X-ray telescopes， and provides technical support for space science detectors with high temperature requirements.关键词：precision temperature control;optimization;X-ray;non-uniform discontinuities;EP satellite
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发布时间：2024-10-23 -
Study on the influence of temperature on the stability of aerostatic bearing with flexible structure AI导读
“在超精密领域，专家建立了静压气体轴承三维模型，分析了温度对轴承性能的影响，为轴承应用提供理论参考。”摘要：In order to study the influence of temperature on the deflection deformation， flow pattern and stability of the flexible structure of aerostatic bearing with flexible structure under the working state of aerostatic bearing， a three-dimensional （3D） model of aerostatic thrust bearing with flexible structure was established in this paper. Firstly， the influence of temperature change on the deflection deformation of the flexible structure of aerostatic bearing， the flow pattern of gas film flow field and the stability of gas film were analyzed by using the calculation method of fluid solid thermal multi physical field coupling. Then， through the design of aerostatic bearing test-bed， the vibration of the bearing under the impact of load is tested， and the test results are compared with the simulation analysis results to verify the reliability of the simulation calculation. The calculation results show that the deflection deformation of the annular flexible thin plate at the orifice increases with the increase of temperature， and when the film gap h=12 μm， the deflection deformation of T=100 ℃ is 43% higher than that of T=-20 ℃； Under the same other conditions， with the increase of temperature， the range of cyclone in the air film gradually decreases； The higher the working temperature， the smaller the vibration amplitude of the bearing after being loaded. The experimental results show that with the increase of working temperature， the stability of the bearing is higher， which is basically consistent with the simulation results. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of aerostatic bearing in the field of ultra precision.关键词：aerostatic bearing;temperature;fluid-solid-thermal coupling;stability;CFD- 101
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在红外光学制导领域，多光谱硫化锌光学元件的加工效率和面型精度得到显著提升。通过离子束抛光工艺优化，面形精度PV值由467纳米降至71.506纳米。”摘要：Multispectral zinc sulfide is widely used in infrared optical guidance seeker， photoelectric detection radar and airborne photoelectric pod because of its high optical transmittance in near， middle and far infrared spectral bands. In order to obtain multi-spectral ZnS optical element with ultra-high surface shape accuracy and improve ion beam polishing efficiency， the orthogonal experiment method was used to carry out ion beam single point etching experiments on ZnS， and the removal function characteristics and volume removal efficiency were obtained under each process parameter. Through direct analysis of orthogonal experimental data and range analysis， the process parameters were optimized with the target of maximum volume removal rate. The optimized process parameters were obtained as follows： ion beam voltage 1 100 V， radio frequency power 110 W， acceleration voltage 200 V， argon flow rate 7 sccm， and processing distance 30 mm. By adjusting the process parameters， different ion beam spot diameters were obtained for combined polishing of 80 mm diameter zinc sulfide. After processing， the surface shape accuracy of zinc sulfide decreased from 467 nm to 71.506 nm and from 112 nm to 10.75 nm. The above experimental results show that the combination of large and small diameter ion beams can effectively improve the processing efficiency and surface shape accuracy of multi-spectral ZnS optical elements.关键词：ZnS;ion beam polishing;removal function;process optimization;range analysis
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发布时间：2024-10-23
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
- “在PCB缺陷检测领域，研究者提出了PCBNet，通过DeConv和SPD-Conv提取全局和细节信息，增强细微特征感知能力。实验结果表明，PCBNet在两个数据集上均取得优异性能，具有在嵌入式设备上运行的潜力。”摘要：To resolve the current stage of printed circuit board （PCB） defect detection， it is necessary to consider both the detail and global information of the defects simultaneously. The downsampling operation of cross-pixel convolution or pooling results in the loss of both global and detailed information on the surface defects of printed circuit boards （PCBs）. Although some of the methods above employ attention mechanisms for intra-layer information， the issue of insufficient attention to the weight bias problem resulting from conventional convolution after feature extraction persists. The PCB defect detection Network （PCBNet） proposed in this paper employed the inflated Dilation and extrusion convolution （DeConv） to extract both global and detailed information about PCB surface defects. Downsampling was performed using Spatial Passage Directed Focused Convolution （SPD-Conv） to minimize the loss of information. The Subtle Feature Enhancement Module （SFEM） had been designed to adjust the intra-layer relationship of PCB surface defect features and reduce the weight bias while enhancing the algorithm's ability to perceive the subtle features. The experimental results obtained by comparing the PCB surface soldering defects dataset and the PCB Defect-Augmented dataset， which were collected in the field using multiple state-of-the-art methods， demonstrate that PCBNet is not only capable of accurately identifying PCB surface soldering defects at a rate of 83 frames per second on the PCB surface soldering defects dataset but also achieves the following results on the PCB Defect-Augmented dataset： the highest accuracy of mAP0.5， which is the evaluation metric of the COCO dataset. This indicates that our method has the potential to be implemented on embedded devices.关键词：PCB defect detection;dilation and extrusion convolution;SPD-Conv;subtle feature enhancement;object detection
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在无人机目标定位领域，专家建立了全流程解算模型，利用深度学习技术有效消除系统误差，提升定位精度81%。”摘要：Aiming to address the challenge of identifying and eliminating systematic errors in various attitudes during target positioning of UAV optoelectronic reconnaissance platforms， a study was conducted on a target positioning system that integrates multi-dimensional attitude adaptive sensing algorithms. This paper presented a comprehensive target position calculation model that was based on the principles of target positioning. It utilized the optoelectronic reconnaissance platform's locking and tracking capabilities to perform multiple measurements of the cooperative target point. Furthermore， it analyzed the differentiated representations of the multi-dimensional attitude systematic error offset from the positioning results. Based on the principles of deep neural networks， the proposed model aimed to perform adaptive estimation and reverse compensation of systematic errors in a multi-task temporal feature extraction framework. Results of experiments indicate that when UAV operates at an altitude of 4 000 m， the system is able to mitigate 77% of systematic errors. It successfully reduces the target positioning error from 103 m to 19 m， resulting in an 81% increase in overall positioning accuracy. Consequently， this system enables high-precision positioning of UAV targets.关键词：target positioning;UAV;attitude adaptive sensing;systematic error;multitask learning
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在太阳能电池表面缺陷检测领域，CMFAnet算法通过融合多尺度特征与注意力机制，显著提高了检测精度，降低了漏检率。”摘要：In order to improve the detection accuracy of various types of defects in the electroluminescence imaging of solar cells， a solar cell surface defect detection algorithm CMFAnet was proposed by fusing multiscale features and attention mechanism. Firstly， for the characteristics of solar cell surface defects with large scale span， an enhanced multi-scale feature fusion method was designed， whose basic unit consists of a feature alignment module and a feature fusion module connected in series， and for the feature information with different semantic levels， the feature alignment module adjusts their scales， so that these features can be fused together more easily； secondly， for the characteristics of solar cell surface defects with high level and variable geometry， a deformable ghost convolution module is designed. Secondly， for the characteristics of high degree of similarity between defective features and background features on the solar cell surface and variable geometry， a deformable ghost convolution module was designed， whose basic unit consists of feasible variant convolution， multiplexed coordinate attention mechanism， and ghost convolution； the multiplexed coordinate attention mechanism optimizes the generation of offset in the feasible variant convolution， and the introduction of ghost convolution mechanism effectively reduces the FLOPs of the network model. The experimental results show that the mAP of this paper's method reaches 91.4% on the photovoltaic cell defect anomaly detection dataset PVEL-AD， which is improved to different degrees compared to other mainstream target detection networks.关键词：multi-scale feature;deformable convolution;multi coordinate attention;defect detection
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在激光干涉测量领域，研究人员提出了一种新型神经网络AFNVENet，有效提高了包裹相位图像质量，为多等级噪声的包裹相位信息恢复提供了新方案。”摘要：The wrapped phase is a precondition for obtaining phase information in laser interferometry. In order to reduce the interference of noise in the wrapped phase fringe during measurement and improve the quality of reconstructed image， an asymmetric fusion non-local and verge extraction neural network （AFNVENet） was proposed. The network was designed to add an asymmetric fusion non-local block and a verge extraction module based on FFDNet. By incorporating the noise features with different levels and reverse-guiding the denoising process， it could effectively suppress the noise with different levels while retaining more image details. The wrapped phase dataset with multiplicative speckle and additive random noise was selected to train. The results of ablation and comparative experiments show that AFNVENet algorithm has better noise filtering effect for different level noises. When the noise standard deviation changes in the range of ［0， 2.0］， the means of PSNR， SSIM and SSI are 24.88 dB， 0.97 and 0.95 after noise suppression， respectively. In addition， the unwrapped phase results further show that the RMSE mean of unwrapped phase denoised by AFNVENet is reduced by 87%， 73%， 79% and 36%， respectively， compared to SCAF， NLM， KSVD and DnCNN. The feasibility of method is verified. The AFNVENet method has better robustness in suppressing noises. It is suitable for recovering the wrapped phase information with multilevel noises in different interferometric environments.关键词：laser interferometry;wrapped phase;noise suppression;AFNVENet network
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发布时间：2024-10-23 - “在图像压缩感知重构领域，研究者提出了CHFNet算法，通过联合图像层级特征，有效提升了重构质量并缩短了重构时间。”摘要：The compressive sensing image reconstruction algorithms based on Convolutional Neural Networks could not capture long-range dependency of high-resolution images. Although Transformer can address this issue， it significantly increases the number of network parameters and the image reconstruction time. This paper proposed CHFNet， a combining image hierarchical-feature network for compressive sensing iterative-reconstruction to improve image reconstruction quality and reduce reconstruction time. CHFNet consisted of two sub-networks， sampling and reconstruction. The sampling sub-network utilized a learnable sampling matrix to provide more effective measurements for reconstruction phase. In the reconstruction sub-network， we introduced an iterative strategy using gradient descent and feature optimization operations， and proposed a lightweight CNN-Transformer hybrid architecture to model and optimize extremely fine-grained image hierarchical-feature， enhancing network’s sensing-capability and reducing computation complexity. Moreover， CHFNet achieved complete end-to-end training by jointly optimizing sampling-reconstruction process. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm obtains satisfactory recovery performance on several public benchmark datasets. On the Urban100 dataset， the method of this paper improves the average PSNR and SSIM metrics by 0.63 dB and 0.007 6 respectively compared to the existing optimal algorithm CSformer. At 0.10 sampling rate， the average reconstruction time of CHFNet decreases 2.744 7 s， 3.551 0 s， and 4.775 0 s compared to CSformer on Set11， BSD68， and Urban100 datasets respectively.关键词：compressive sensing;image hierarchical-feature;transformer;convolutional neural networks;iterative strategy;image reconstruction
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发布时间：2024-10-23
Information Sciences
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