最新刊期
- “在图像修复领域，研究人员提出了SPMRA-Net模型，有效解决了大面积破损图像修复中的纹理模糊、结构扭曲与边界伪影问题，为图像修复技术的发展提供了新思路。”摘要：Aiming at the problems of texture blurring， structural distortion and boundary artifacts existing in the restoration projects of large-area damaged images such as faces， street scenes and buildings， this paper proposes a large-area damaged image restoration named SPMRA-Net. Firstly， design the Dynamic Adaptive Multi-scale （DAM） module to enhance the context-aware ability of the model through dilated convolution and residual structure； Subsequently， a bottleneck module composed of the Transformer path and the consistent semantic attention path is constructed， and the global semantic information output by the Transformer path is fused with the local texture information output by the self-attention path through the cross-attention mechanism， effectively suppressing structural distortion in large-area defect scenes. Secondly， to alleviate the semantic gap problem caused by simple splicing in traditional skip connections， the Adaptive Multi-scale Aggregation （AMSA） module is introduced to enhance the interaction ability between deep features and shallow features and ensure the boundary continuity of the restored image. Finally， a dual discriminator is introduced to evaluate the consistency between the restored result and the original image， in order to enhance the authenticity of the generated image in visual perception. The experimental results show that the PSNR of this model on the CelebA dataset increases by 3.06dB， the SSIM increases by 0.087， and the LPIPS decreases by 0.078. The subjective evaluations on the Paris StreetView and Places2 datasets， as well as the above-mentioned objective evaluation metrics， are all superior to the comparison algorithms.The method proposed in this paper has achieved certain improvements in both structural consistency and perception levels， verifying its effectiveness in the task of restoring large-area damaged images.关键词：deep learning;image inpainting;generative adversarial network;Multi-scale residuals;Structural prior;transformer0|0|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- “在精密制造领域，研究者提出了PSO-SQP混合算法，有效提高了平面度误差评定的精度和效率，为超高精度平面度检测提供可靠方案。”摘要：To address issues such as insufficient computational accuracy and slow convergence speed in traditional intelligent optimization algorithms for flatness error evaluation， this paper aims to develop a new evaluation method that combines high precision and high efficiency， meeting the stringent requirements of our self-developed 1200 mm aperture non-contact flatness measuring instrument for evaluation algorithms. A hybrid algorithm （PSO-SQP） is proposed， which is primarily based on the Sequential Quadratic Programming （SQP） algorithm， supplemented by the Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） algorithm. First， the global search capability of PSO is utilized to perform a preliminary coarse search， quickly obtaining a solution close to the global optimum to serve as a high-quality initial point for SQP. Then， for the fine search stage， an adaptive step-size strategy is introduced to replace the traditional fixed step size， enabling rapid and stable convergence in local search. Experimental results show that the proposed PSO-SQP hybrid algorithm exhibits strong robustness against initial point deviations， sampling scale， and measurement noise. Compared with a high-precision coordinate measuring machine （CMM）， the deviation in the evaluation results is less than 7 nm. Finally， the practical engineering applicability was validated by evaluating a 280 mm diameter flat mirror in an actual application. The obtained flatness result was consistent with the specified surface form accuracy of the mirror. The proposed PSO-SQP hybrid algorithm fully leverages the global search capability of PSO and the local fine search ability of SQP. This algorithm demonstrates outstanding advantages in flatness error evaluation， including high computational accuracy， fast convergence speed， and strong robustness. It is particularly suitable for processing ultra-high precision， large-volume flatness inspection data， providing a reliable and efficient solution for flatness evaluation in the field of precision manufacturing.关键词：flatness error;Sequential Quadratic Programming;particle swarm optimization;Non-contact flatness measuring instrument2|0|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- “无线胶囊内窥镜研究取得新进展，设计了螺旋驱动式胶囊机器人内窥镜，并通过双端接收线圈实现高效能量传输，为肠道检测提供新方案。”摘要：Wireless capsule endoscopes serve as non-invasive tools for intestinal examination， yet they lack active mobility. Capsule robotic endoscopes based on active motion platforms offer an effective solution to this limitation. First， a capsule robotic endoscope employing a helical drive motion structure was designed. This structure enables diverse movements by controlling the rotational speed and direction of the helical drive unit. Subsequently， dual-ended receiving coils compatible with this mechanical structure were designed. The electrical parameters of receiving coils with different topological structures were calculated through theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling. Finally， the efficiency of receiving coils with various topological structures was evaluated via simulation and practical experimental testing. Experimental results indicate that when employing a rectifier-followed-by-series topology， the dual-ended receiving coil exhibits high stability. At 981 mW of induced power， the coil achieves an power transfer efficiency of 2.75%. Pipeline experiments validate that the wireless power transfer system effectively meets the power requirements for the motion and control of capsule endoscope robots.关键词：Capsule robot endoscope;wireless power transfer;Helical drive motion mechanism;Dual-end receiving coil;Power transfer efficiency4|0|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- “在精密定位系统领域，专家建立了基于非对称线性包络函数的率相关广义Prandtl-Ishlinskii模型，有效解决了压电快反镜的迟滞问题，为提高控制精度提供了新方案。”摘要：The inherent hysteresis characteristic of the Piezoelectric Fast Steering Mirror （PFSM） severely limits its control precision in precision positioning systems. To address this， this paper systematically compares the performance differences of common envelope functions from three core dimensions： time complexity， necessary conditions for inversion， and error sources. After comprehensive evaluation， an asymmetric linear envelope function is selected， and a Rate-Dependent Generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii Model with Asymmetric Linear Envelope Function （LRGPI） is adopted. To effectively tackle the rate-dependent issue of hysteresis， a derivative term is introduced to broaden the applicable frequency range of the model. Subsequently， the LRGPI inverse model feedforward is systematically constructed to compare and verify the effectiveness of hysteresis compensation. Finally， a composite control method based on inverse model feedforward is designed to suppress the influence of external disturbances. Simulation experiments show that， compared with the inverse models of Tanh Envelope-Based Rate-Dependent Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model （TRGPI） and Cubic Envelope-Based Rate-Dependent Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model （CRGPI）， the LRGPI inverse model feedforward control increases the bandwidth of hysteresis compensation by 5.78% and 28.69%. Comparative experiments based on inverse model feedforward compensation further demonstrate that the RMSE of LRGPI inverse model feedforward control is reduced by 62.7%， 23.2%， and 26.4% compared with that of PI inverse model， TRGPI， and CRGPI inverse models， respectively. These results fully prove that the LRGPI model has significant superiority and robustness in addressing the hysteresis behavior of PFSM.关键词：piezoelectric fast steering mirror;Hysteresis characteristic;rate-dependence;asymmetric envelope function;generalized prandtl–ishlinskii model;inverse compensation;composite control2|0|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- “在海洋生态保护领域，研究人员提出了FDN-YOLO模型，有效提升了水下鱼类监测的准确性和效率，为海洋资源管理提供了新方案。”摘要：Efficient monitoring of underwater fish species is fundamental to marine ecosystem conservation， biodiversity assessment， and the sustainable management of aquatic resources. To mitigate the degradation of detection robustness and efficiency caused by complex underwater environmental conditions， this study proposes a dynamic feature enhancement model， named Fish Detection Network YOLO （FDN-YOLO）， built upon the YOLOv8n framework. First， a Multi-scale Deformable Receptive Field （MDRF） module is constructed in the proposed model to adaptively regulate the effective receptive field. It enables the backbone network to better represent fish targets with diverse shapes and scales. Second， a lightweight down-sampling module named Lite Space-to-Depth Depthwise Separable （Lite SPD-DS） is designed. This module can retain fine-grained spatial cues during subsampling while maintaining low computational cost. Finally， an Adaptive IoU-aware Varifocal Loss （AIVF Loss） is proposed by integrating adaptive IoU weighting with Varifocal Loss. This loss function is able to enhance the learning of high-quality localization samples as well as mitigating training bias arising from class and sample imbalance. Experimental results on the TF-DET dataset demonstrate that FDN-YOLO improves mAP50 and mAP50：95 by 2.8% and 2.1%， respectively. The proposed model also reduces parameters and computational complexity by 13.3% and 16.0%. Further comparative and generalization experiments verify that FDN-YOLO achieves a superior balance among accuracy， efficiency， and robustness. These results indicate that the proposed method has strong potential for application in ecological monitoring and data-driven marine resource management.关键词：underwater detection;dynamic enhancement;deep learning;convolutional neural network;YOLOv8n4|0|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：To address the growing demand for high-sensitivity and large-dynamic-range detection in space weather monitoring， ultraviolet （UV） warning reconnaissance， and high-end analytical instrumentation， this paper presents a single-photon-counting UV imaging detection system. The system synergizes the high sensitivity and low noise of an array single-photon counter in the UV band with the small pixel size and high spatial light modulation rate of a UV-enhanced digital micro-mirror device （DMD）. The system enables dynamic spectral sequence adjustment for each pixel and implements pixel-level modulation of incoming photons at the array single-photon counter. When weak target spectral signals are identified， an encoding modulation method is employed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） in the target imaging region. Through region identification and spatial-domain correlation algorithms， multi-level light intensity control is applied to corresponding image sensor pixels， allowing rapid adjustment of saturated regions to the sensor’s optimal response range. This paper elaborates on the design of the internal coupled optical structure and evaluates performance metrics including wavelength range， dark count rate， and dynamic range. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves a response wavelength range of 180–320 nm， a dynamic range of 163.9 dB， a dark count rate of 0.481 cps/cm²， and a system transfer function greater than 0.6—all of which align with the design specifications. The developed UV imaging detection system enables high-sensitivity imaging of UV spectral signals with low dark count rates， fine pixel resolution， and high-speed spatial light modulation. It provides key technological support for high-sensitivity UV imaging applications in China.关键词：shortwave optics;UV imaging detection;single-photon-counting imaging;spatial light modulation;high-sensitivity detection72|65|0更新时间：2025-12-09
- “在手机保护壳抗菌领域，研究人员采用激光诱导向后转移技术，成功制备出高效抗菌手机保护壳，突破传统技术局限，为透明有机材料表面功能化提供普适性解决方案。”摘要：MethodUsing a commercially available transparent phone case as the substrate， a silver@copper （Ag@Cu） micro- and nano-composite antibacterial coating was successfully constructed on its surface via LIBT.ResultExperimental results demonstrate a positive correlation between laser power and the elemental content of the micro-structured coating： the mass ratio of Ag and Cu increases with higher laser power. The process enables efficient fabrication under ambient atmospheric conditions， offering simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The micro-structured coating exhibits significant inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive （Staphylococcus aureus） and Gram-negative （Escherichia coli） bacterial strains. When the laser power reaches ≥16W， the antibacterial rate exceeds 99.99%， with the increased mass ratio of copper directly enhancing antibacterial efficacy.ConclusionThis work overcomes the limitations of traditional technologies， enabling the high-precision construction of micro- and nano-structures on transparent substrates. The process parameters are precisely controllable， making it suitable for large-scale production and providing a universal solution for the functionalization of other transparent organic material surfaces. This study not only develops a practical antibacterial phone case fabrication technology but also offers innovative ideas and methodological references for the design and manufacture of novel antibacterial surfaces.ObjetiveIn response to the problem of bacterial contamination on the surface of mobile phone casings and the lack of antibacterial performance， this study innovatively proposes the use of Laser-Induced Backward Transfer （LIBT） technology to fabricate highly efficient antibacterial mobile phone protective cases.关键词：Laser-induced backward transfer;Mobile;Protective case;Ag@Cu micro- and nano- structure;Antibacterial54|15|0更新时间：2025-11-25
- “最新研究突破柔性光电探测器性能限制，采用ZnO@(Cu(NH3)(CN))纳米纤维堆叠结构，实现低功耗高响应探测。”摘要：Flexible photodetectors have shown broad application prospects in wearable electronics， curved imaging， and intelligent sensing. However， their performance is often limited by weak interfacial coupling between micro–nano photoactive structures and flexible substrates， resulting in high dark current and large power consumption. In this work， a performance enhancement strategy based on the piezophototronic effect is proposed. By employing electrohydrodynamic direct-writing， a dual-component self-assembled ZnO@（Cu（NH3））（CN） multilayer nanofiber architecture was fabricated， in which ZnO serves as the primary photoactive fiber and （Cu（NH3））（CN） acts as an auxiliary modulation layer. This stacked configuration significantly improves interfacial coupling stability and introduces asymmetric barriers and built-in electric fields through the piezophototronic effect at the stacking interfaces， effectively suppressing thermally excited carrier migration. Consequently， the dark current is reduced to 1.12×10-7A， leading to a substantial decrease in static power consumption. By tuning the stacking layers （5–25 layers）， the threshold voltage is adjustable from 6V to 20V， enabling programmable logic control. Under 254nm ultraviolet illumination， the device exhibits a responsivity of 13.3A/W， with response and recovery times of 11ms and 9ms， respectively， demonstrating excellent photoelectric detection performance. These results indicate that orthogonally stacked structure of ZnO and （Cu（NH3）（CN）） nanofibers provides superior local electric-field regulation and enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency， showing great potential for low-power and high-response flexible photodetection systems， and offering new insights for the design of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices.关键词：Piezophototronic effect;Flexible photodetector;Electrohydrodynamic direct-writing;Light controlled circuit38|18|0更新时间：2025-11-25
- “在增强现实领域，研究人员设计了一种轻薄型透射式头戴显示器光学系统，实现了大视场角、轻薄化及高沉浸感，突破了量产化关键技术难点。”摘要：To meet the requirements of augmented reality （AR） for optical waveguides in terms of large field of view （FOV）， thin and lightweight design， and high immersion， an optical system for a mass-producible， thin-lightweight transmissive head-mounted display （HMD） based on an arrayed geometric thin-film waveguide structure was designed and implemented. This system consists of an eyepiece system， an arrayed waveguide system， and an illumination system. The arrayed waveguide structure adopts an array of semi-transparent and semi-reflective films with customized angle-selective film coatings as the optical combiner， enabling pupil expansion. Through the "dual waveplate" polarization mixing design， the display uniformity is improved from 59.66% to 61.12% （for single polarized light） to 76.61% （in actual tests）. By means of systematic optical simulation and design， and relying on a mature domestic optical manufacturing chain （including precision cutting， grinding and polishing， vacuum deposition of complex film systems， and precision bonding processes）， while adding an additional waveplate lamination process， the key technical difficulties restricting the mass production of arrayed waveguides were successfully overcome. A prototype was fabricated and mass production was realized. This design addresses the pain point of AR head-mounted displays where "performance and mass production are difficult to balance" and meets the needs of both consumer and industrial applications.关键词：waveguide;Near-eye display;optical design49|23|0更新时间：2025-11-25
- “铝基碳化硅表面改性技术取得新进展，有效提升空间光学反射镜性能。”摘要：Aluminum-based silicon carbide has become an ideal material for a new generation of space optical mirrors due to its high modulus and lightweight， but the surface alumina and multiphase interface defects make it difficult to reach the optical mirror， so the optical processing needs of aluminum-based silicon carbide mirrors can be realized by preparing nickel-phosphorus amorphous films on the surface of aluminum-based silicon carbide substrates for modification. In this paper， the preparation technology of nickel-phosphorus amorphous film on the surface of aluminum-based silicon carbide （SiCp volume fraction 20%） is studied， and the process path of "cleaning-primary zinc dipping-zinc de-zinc removal-secondary dipping-electroless nickel plating" is adopted， focusing on addressing key issues such as the removal of oxide films， interface activation， improvement of interfacial bonding strength， and control of coating thickness. The matrix alumina layer can partially remove the oxide layer by forming a clastic compound after initial zinc dipping， but the activation layer is shallow and easy to peel off. Zinc nitrate dezinc thoroughly removes the compound layer and exposes the matrix material. Secondary zinc dipping achieves large-scale full coverage activation， and the surface of silicon carbide particles is also covered by the activation layer after secondary zinc dipping. The interfacial bonding strength has been significantly enhanced compared to the untreated state. Through the L9 orthogonal experiment， it was found that the electroless plating time had the most significant effect on the thickness of the coating， followed by the second dipping time and the initial dipping time. The optimal parameter combination was electroless plating for 8 h， initial zinc immersion for 10 s， and secondary zinc immersion for 2 min， and the coating thickness was about 50-60 μm. This process enhances the interfacial bonding strength and density of the coating through a step-by-step activation and crystal cell stacking growth mechanism， providing an effective surface modification solution to meet the high stability requirements of space optical mirrors.关键词：Aluminum-based silicon carbide;composite materials;Surface activation;Electroless nickel plating;Plating thickness63|25|0更新时间：2025-11-25
- “在航天CMOS相机领域，提出了基于FPGA的JPEG-LS图像压缩全流水线实现方案，有效提升了压缩速率和图像质量。”摘要：In response to the limited hardware cost and limited data storage resources of high-resolution aerospace CMOS cameras for small satellites， this paper proposes a full pipeline implementation scheme of JPEG-LS image compression algorithm based on field programmable logic gate array （FPGA）. A multi-core real-time compression imaging system is constructed on a single FPGA through parallel grouping mode. Firstly， using FPGA to receive multi-channel high-speed image data output by CMOS detectors； Secondly， an eleven stage pipeline is used to implement the JPEG-LS image compression algorithm， and the structure of its encoding parameter calculation and context update parts is optimized to shorten the critical path； Finally， using multiple JPEG-LS image compression kernels， the multi-channel high-speed image data output by the CMOS detector is grouped and compressed in parallel. Experimental results demonstrate that， within the current system， the improved JPEG-LS image compression core achieves a maximum operating frequency of 46 MHz. When the compression parameter *near* is set to 1， the system exhibits a near-lossless compression ratio exceeding 4， and the peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） of the decompressed image is approximately 50 dB. These performance metrics basically meet the requirements for compression rate and quality of remote sensing images， thereby providing a reference for the design of high-resolution spaceborne CMOS cameras with image compression functionality.关键词：JPEG-LS image compression algorithm;CMOS detector;Field Programmable Gate Array;Pipeline;Multi-Core compression imaging system38|31|0更新时间：2025-11-25
- “计算光谱成像技术在智能制造、人工智能等领域取得快速发展，为高精度目标识别提供重要支撑。”摘要：Spectral imaging enables the acquisition of spectral information at every pixel of a scene， providing essential support for high-precision target recognition and classification. Conventional scanning-based spectral imaging systems sequentially scan along spatial or spectral dimensions to obtain complete spectral images， which inherently limits their acquisition speed and signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast， computational spectral imaging， grounded in compressed sensing theory， introduces optical encoding elements to project high-dimensional spectral image data into low-dimensional measurements， which are subsequently decoded into spectral images using advanced reconstruction algorithms. Computational spectral imaging technology demonstrates remarkable advantages in structural compactness， acquisition speed， and manufacturing cost. In recent years， it has achieved rapid progress in both theoretical methodologies and system implementations， leading to a surge of high-quality research outcomes. Meanwhile， its consumer-level applications have been increasingly extended to platforms such as smartphones， unmanned aerial vehicles， and remote sensing satellites， serving diverse fields including color imaging， environmental monitoring， and medical diagnostics. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical foundations and methodological advances of computational spectral imaging. Specifically， it examines representative optical encoding strategies—including amplitude encoding， wavelength encoding， wavefront encoding， and multi-aperture encoding—as well as mainstream reconstruction approaches ranging from iterative algorithms with prior constraints to end-to-end deep learning models. Finally， current trends and key challenges are discussed. With strong alignment to strategic emerging industries such as intelligent manufacturing， artificial intelligence， the low-altitude economy， and smart agriculture， computational spectral imaging is expected to play an increasingly significant role across a wide spectrum of applications.关键词：computational imaging;spectral imaging;Compressed sensing;deep learning73|32|0更新时间：2025-11-25
- “在3D打印检测领域，研究者基于双目结构光原理，完成了3D件三维重构及位姿估计，为提高打印精度提供参考。”摘要：In order to realize the detection and control of 3D printed pieces and improve their printing accuracy， the research of 3D reconstruction of 3D parts and position estimation is completed. The system is based on the peripheral scanning visual detection principle of binocular structured light， adopts binocular structured light illumination， and takes the peripheral scanning imaging mode of dual-color camera to realize image acquisition and visual calibration through the color and infrared scene at different positions， binocular vision and scattered structured light depth information， etc. It completes the image processing and analysis， such as image fusion， point cloud coloring， multi-frame point cloud alignment fusion， segmentation， etc.， so as to realize the reconstruction of object field Point cloud reconstruction. The camera position estimation scheme based on EPNP and ICP algorithms is adopted， and the EPNP algorithm completes the coarse alignment of the reconstructed object scene point cloud and single-view point cloud， while the ICP algorithm completes the fine alignment of the reconstructed object scene point cloud and single-view point cloud to obtain the position estimation of the target. The accuracy of 3D printed pieces’ 3D reconstruction is evaluated by calculating the chamfer distance between the scene point cloud and the standard point cloud， and the average accuracy is 0.675mm； the accuracy of position estimation is evaluated by the reprojection method， and the average accuracy is 1.669mm.Through the systematic research， a better evaluation method is provided for the printing inspection of 3D pieces， and a better reference is provided for the subsequent inspection and control of the accuracy of 3D pieces.关键词：Machine Visualization;3D reconstruction;position estimation;image processing;EPNP;ICP568|303|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “在微电子制造与表面分析领域，专家研制了微束斑RHEED类平行束电子枪，分析电子光学系统特性，仿真设计低像差聚焦透镜，搭建实验平台进行性能测试，获得清晰的衍射斑点。”摘要：In response to the application requirements of high-resolution Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction （RHEED） in the fields of microelectronics manufacturing and surface analysis， and considering that a long working distance， micro-beam spot size， and small beam half-angle electron gun are key components for achieving high-resolution RHEED detection， a micro-beam spot RHEED quasi-parallel beam electron gun was developed. The characteristics of the electron gun's electron optical system were analyzed， and a low-aberration focusing magnetic lens was designed utilizing electron optical simulation software. An experimental platform was set up to measuring the beam spot diameter， beam current， and beam half-angle performance of the developed electron gun， as well as to conduct diffraction imaging tests on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite （HOPG） samples. The experimental results show that at a working distance of 500 mm， the beam spot diameter of the RHEED quasi-parallel beam electron gun is 47.1 μm （at an acceleration voltage of 30 kV）， The emission current and the beam half-angle are 144.96 μA and 0.289 mrad respectively （at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV）. Clear diffraction spots which intensity corresponding to the crystal structure factors were obtained on the HOPG sample.关键词：electron optics;Reflection high energy electron diffraction （RHEED）;Electron gun;Quasi-parallel electron beam500|74|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “在光学系统设计领域，专家提出了基于矢量像差理论的反射式望远镜降敏设计方法，有效降低了系统对公差的要求，为光学系统性能优化提供了新方案。”摘要：In the traditional optical system design process， optical designers focus more on optimizing the performance of the optical system without considering the as-built performance of these systems. To reduce the tolerance requirements for optical systems， this paper proposes a desensitization design method for freeform reflecting telescopes based on nodal aberration theory. This method provides mathematical expressions to describe aberrations generated by freeform terms on general decentered and tilted optical surfaces. To obtain the aberration coefficients of off-axis freeform surfaces， transformed pupil vectors are introduced into the aberration expansion， and only paraxial chief rays and marginal rays are traced to derive the aberration expressions. Then， an as-built performance evaluation model for the optical system is constructed based on this analysis framework. Using this method， two kinds of off-axis two-mirror and off-axis three-mirror systems containing freeform surfaces were designed， and the assembly sensitivity of the system was analyzed by 2000 Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations. The results indicate that after about 10 minutes of optimization， the average wavefront aberration of the off-axis two-mirror telescope decreased by 26%， and the average wavefront aberration of the off-axis three-mirror telescope decreased by 14%， effectively verifying the effectiveness of the desensitization design method proposed in this paper.关键词：Nodal Aberration;Zernike Freeform Surface;Off-Axis Reflective System;Desensitization Design466|96|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “基于STM32与CRDS技术，开发了高灵敏度的种子呼吸CO2检测装置，成功应用于水稻种子呼吸检测，展示了CRDS技术在种子呼吸检测领域的潜力与应用价值。”摘要：The analysis of the seed respiration process is of critical importance for accurately assessing seed viability. Therefore， the development of a rapid， stable， and highly sensitive seed respiration detection device is essential. In this study， a CO2 gas sensor was designed and constructed based on STM32 microcontroller and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy （CRDS） technology， and it was subsequently applied to seed respiration detection. The sensor employs an STM32-based control and data acquisition scheme， comprising a threshold detection and shut-off module formed by a high-speed comparator and RS flip-flop， a high-speed analog signal acquisition module， an STM32 master control unit， and an upper computer data processing system. The threshold detection module achieves a cutoff delay of 0.45 μs， while the maximum sampling rate of the analog signal acquisition module reaches 31.25 Msps. Experimental verification confirmed that the sensor can detect CO2 concentrations as low as 1.5 ppm， demonstrating good sensitivity. The sensor successfully captured the respiration process of rice seeds， producing a curve of CO2 concentration changes over time for 10 g of rice seeds. Within 2.5 hours， the CO2 concentration increased by approximately 730 ppm. This study highlights the potential and application value of CRDS technology in seed respiration detection.关键词：Cavity ring-down spectroscopy;STM32;carbon dioxide;seed respiration339|125|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “磁性复合流体抛光技术研究取得进展，通过补充关键组分，有效延长使用寿命并提高抛光稳定性。”摘要：MethodFirstly， polishing experiments were conducted on polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） using MCF slurry. Changes in the MCF morphologies before and after polishing were observed， and the surface roughness， material removal rate， temperature， and normal force were measured to analyze the performance variations over time. Additionally， supplementary abrasive particle and α-cellulose solutions were added every 10 minutes to evaluate their effectiveness in restoring the performance of MCF and extending its service life. Finally， long-term polishing experiments were conducted to assess the service life of the MCF slurry under the influence of the supplementary solutions.ResultThe results indicate that after 60 minutes of continuous polishing， the MCF slurry morphology changed from uniform magnetic clusters to fragmented clusters. The surface roughness reduction rate decreased from 97.06% to 65.97%， showing significant performance degradation. By adding abrasive particle and α-cellulose solutions， the normal force was stabilized at 6.4 N and 7.3 N， respectively， with the surface roughness reduction rate maintained above 85%. Further investigations demonstrated that adding 0.1 mL of supplementary solution every 10 minutes extended the service life of the MCF slurry from 60 minutes to 180 minutes， while maintaining the surface roughness below 0.05 μm and the material removal rate above 1.80 × 10⁸ μm³/min.ConclusionDuring the polishing process， the MCF slurry undergoes the loss of water， abrasive particles， and α-cellulose， leading to a decline in polishing performance. By quantitatively replenishing these key components， the polishing performance of the MCF slurry can be effectively restored， ensuring improved polishing stability and significantly extending its service life.ObjetiveMagnetic Compound Fluid （MCF） polishing is an efficient precision polishing technology. However， the MCF slurry experiences performance degradation during prolonged use. This study investigates the effects of component loss on the polishing performance of MCF slurry and explores the feasibility of restoring its performance through the addition of supplementary solutions to extend its service life.关键词：magnetic compound fluid;polishing;surface roughness;material removal rate;Life519|101|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “在光纤振动传感领域，研究者提出了基于虚拟噪声电平的系统性能优化算法，有效提升了系统的动态范围和定位精度。”摘要：The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system usually uses the relative intensity ratio method to identify and locate the vibration event， which ignores the influence of noise level on the system dynamic range， thus restricting the improvement of the event location accuracy and dynamic range. In this paper， the relationship between the noise level and the dynamic range of the system is studied under the condition that the event location accuracy of the system is ensured， and then virtual noise level that corresponds to the average voltage of the near-zero amplitudes in the optical time domain reflectometry signal is added， and then a performance optimization algorithm based on virtual noise level is proposed. In the experiment， a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry system is built， and laser pulse with pulse width of 50ns is used to conduct vibration event location testing along a sensing fiber with length of about 15km， and based on optimization algorithm with the virtual noise level， the noise level is removed from the original optical time domain reflecting data， and virtual noise levels with amplitude of 25%， 50%， 75%， 100%， 125%， 150%， 175% and 200% of the mean value of the near-zero amplitude of the signal are respectively added to finally determine the virtual noise level that ensures the system dynamic range and the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal are overall optimal， whose amplitude is about 75% of the mean value of the near-zero amplitude of the signal， and the dynamic range of the system is improved by 11.26dB， compared with the traditional relative intensity ratio method， so the adoption of virtual noise level improves the performance of the system by reducing the sensitivity of the near-zero amplitude.关键词：Distributed optic fiber sensing;Optical time domain reflectometry;vibration monitoring;Dynamic range;Virtual noise591|118|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “报道：最新研究突破，四质量高频三轴MEMS陀螺问世，尺寸仅3mm×2.56mm，谐振频率高达30kHz，为高频三轴MEMS陀螺研制提供新方案。”摘要：To address the limited interference resistance and large size of conventional monolithic triaxial gyroscopes， a novel quad-mass high-frequency triaxial MEMS gyroscope is presented. Compared with traditional gyroscopes， this device has a relatively higher resonance frequency （~30kHz）， the size of the sensitive structure is only 3mm×2.56mm. This paper describes the sensitive structural form and working principle of the designed gyroscope. Moreover， the width of the beams of the sensitive structure is optimized through a multi-objective genetic algorithm to make the resonance frequency of the working mode higher than 30kHz， and the frequency difference between the drive mode and the sense mode less than 200Hz. It is fabricated by using a three-wafer bonding technology and characterized by a swept-frequency testing system. The experimental results show that the resonance frequencies and quality factors of its drive mode， X-axis， Y-axis， and Z-axis sense mode are 29692Hz and 1274， 31290Hz and 354， 29881Hz and 305， 30721Hz and 393， respectively. The results verify the correctness of the design and research methods， and provide a feasible solution for the development of high-frequency triaxial MEMS gyroscopes.关键词：MEMS gyroscope;monolithic triaxial;high-frequency;multi-objective optimization520|125|0更新时间：2025-05-30
- “在湖泊水体浊度遥感监测领域，专家利用ICESat-2数据提取光子特征，通过机器学习算法反演浊度，为湖泊水体监测提供新途径。”摘要：To enable the retrieval of nearshore lake water turbidity using spaceborne LiDAR data， this study processes ICESat-2 data to extract photon distribution characteristics over lake surfaces. Leveraging the variation in photon distribution patterns under different turbidity conditions， turbidity levels are inferred accordingly. Lake Erie， one of the North American Great Lakes， is selected as the study area. An adaptive-parameter pruned quadtree algorithm is employed to denoise the ATL03 photon data from ICESat-2， isolating valid water surface photon returns.Key photon features：penetration depth， photon density， and attenuation rate are extracted based on the processed data and matched with in situ turbidity measurements. A turbidity retrieval model is then developed using machine learning regression algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the Random Forest algorithm yields the best performance， achieving a coefficient of determination （R²） of 0.91， a mean absolute error （MAE） of 1.66 NTU， and a root mean square error （RMSE） of 2.17 NTU， indicating high retrieval accuracy within the 0-50 NTU turbidity range.To further assess the method’s applicability under different turbidity conditions， the dataset is divided into low-to-moderate turbidity （0-30 NTU） and high turbidity （>30 NTU） subsets. Results show that retrieval accuracy is slightly higher for the low-to-moderate turbidity group. This study provides a novel technical approach for remote sensing-based monitoring of lake water turbidity.关键词：ICESat-2;Nearshore Lake Surface Water;Turbidity Inversion;lidar;random forest524|209|0更新时间：2025-05-30
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