{"defaultlang":"zh","titlegroup":{"articletitle":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"text","data":"无人机航迹中电力线电晕紫外探测与定位"}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Ultraviolet detection and location of power line corona in UAV track"}]}]},"contribgroup":{"author":[{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"赵","givenname":"太飞","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"ZHAO","givenname":"Tai-fei","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":["corresp","first-author"],"corresp":[{"rid":"cor1","lang":"en","text":"ZHAO Tai-fei, E-mail:zhaotaifei@163.com","data":[{"name":"text","data":"ZHAO Tai-fei, E-mail:zhaotaifei@163.com"}]}],"bio":[{"lang":"zh","text":["赵太飞(1978-)，男，河南浚县人，博士，教授，2007年于成都电子科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事紫外光通信技术、路由技术、网络抗毁性技术和物联网技术等方面的研究。E-mail：zhaotaifei@163.com"],"graphic":[],"data":[[{"name":"bold","data":[{"name":"text","data":"赵太飞"}]},{"name":"text","data":"(1978-)，男，河南浚县人，博士，教授，2007年于成都电子科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事紫外光通信技术、路由技术、网络抗毁性技术和物联网技术等方面的研究。E-mail："},{"name":"text","data":"zhaotaifei@163.com"}]]}],"email":"zhaotaifei@163.com","deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"郭","givenname":"嘉文","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"GUO","givenname":"Jia-wen","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":[],"bio":[{"lang":"zh","text":["郭嘉文(1993-)，男，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，2016年于周口师范学院获得学士学位，主要从事紫外光通信技术和物联网技术的研究。E-mail：guojia wen0812@163.com"],"graphic":[],"data":[[{"name":"bold","data":[{"name":"text","data":"郭嘉文"}]},{"name":"text","data":"(1993-)，男，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，2016年于周口师范学院获得学士学位，主要从事紫外光通信技术和物联网技术的研究。E-mail：guojia "},{"name":"text","data":"wen0812@163.com"}]]}],"email":"wen0812@163.com","deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"李","givenname":"晗辰","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"LI","givenname":"Han-chen","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"袁","givenname":"麓","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"YUAN","givenname":"Lu","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff2","text":"2"}],"role":[],"deceased":false}],"aff":[{"id":"aff1","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"1","text":"西安理工大学 自动化与信息工程学院，陕西 西安 710048","data":[{"name":"text","data":"西安理工大学 自动化与信息工程学院，陕西 西安 710048"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"1","text":"Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi′an University of Technology, Xi′an 710048, China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi′an University of Technology, Xi′an 710048, China"}]}]},{"id":"aff2","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"2","text":"陕西天思信息科技有限公司，陕西 西安 710065","data":[{"name":"text","data":"陕西天思信息科技有限公司，陕西 西安 710065"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"2","text":"Shaanxi Tiansi Information Technology Co., Ltd, Xi′an 710065, China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Shaanxi Tiansi Information Technology Co., Ltd, Xi′an 710065, China"}]}]}]},"abstracts":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"在无人机电力线巡检中，为了能快速发现并定位绝缘子产生电晕放电现象的位置，对无人机航迹中的电力线电晕探测与定位方法进行了研究。分析了电晕放电功率检测模型，并得到放电源辐射出紫外光功率的公式。设计了具有高灵敏度的电晕探测设备，提出在无人机航迹中发现绝缘子缺陷的定位方法，通过两次不同角度对电力线铁塔探测，比较两次探测结果分析出缺陷绝缘子的位置。最后根据定位方法设计了对电火花和紫外LED探测实验。结果表明，该探测设备能准确探测出电火花产生的紫外光功率，受到紫外光在空气中损耗的影响，测量值随距离的增加而逐渐减小，且在不同距离情况下相对误差在11.5%之内。在紫外LED探测实验中，探测角度选择0°和15°时测量值较为准确。该方法在微弱电晕放电探测中准确有效，能够满足无人机在航迹中对电力线缺陷绝缘子的定位要求。"}]}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"To detect and locate the corona discharge of insulators quickly in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) power line inspection, a corona detection and location method for power lines in a UAV's track was investigated. First, the corona discharge power detection model was analyzed and established, and a formula for ultraviolet radiation power from a discharge source was obtained. Then, a corona detection device with high sensitivity was designed, and a positioning method for finding insulator defects in a UAV's track was developed. This method was used to detect the power line tower from two different angles. By comparing the two detection results, the position of the defective insulator could be determined. Finally, a method for electro spark and ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) detection based on location was designed. The results show that the detector can accurately detect the ultraviolet power produced by a spark. Influenced by the loss of UV light in the air, the measured value decreases with the increase of distance, and the relative error is within 11.5% at different distances. In the UV LED detection experiment, the measured values are more accurate when the detection angles are selected as 0° and 15°. In general, the method is accurate and effective in the detection of weak corona discharge, and it can meet the positioning requirements for defective power line insulators in a UAV's track."}]}]}],"keyword":[{"lang":"zh","data":[[{"name":"text","data":"无人机航迹"}],[{"name":"text","data":"紫外光"}],[{"name":"text","data":"电晕探测"}],[{"name":"text","data":"定位"}]]},{"lang":"en","data":[[{"name":"text","data":"unmanned aerial vehicle track"}],[{"name":"text","data":"ultraviolet"}],[{"name":"text","data":"corona detection"}],[{"name":"text","data":"location"}]]}],"highlights":[],"body":[{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"引言"}],"level":"1","id":"s1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"近年来工业和居民用电量不断增加，我国电力线路总长度超过了115万千米，根据国家电网发布的“十三五”规划，我国将加大智能电网的投入。电网的安全稳定运行至关重要，如果发生大面积污秽闪络事故，会对经济造成巨大影响"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"1","type":"bibr","rid":"b1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。因此，在电力线巡检过程中，能够较早发现线路上微弱电晕放电现象具有重要的意义。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"输电线路中的绝缘子因为环境、天气等影响会逐渐劣化，如不及早发现会影响电网的安全运行"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"2","type":"bibr","rid":"b2","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。当输电线路表面的电场强度超过空气中分子的游离强度，空气分子分离形成电流，产生电晕放电现象"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"3","type":"bibr","rid":"b3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。电晕产生同时伴随着声、光等物理反应，会造成电力线设备表面缺陷，通过电晕探测方式能够及早发现故障点"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"4","type":"bibr","rid":"b4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"4"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。目前，电力线路巡查方式主要有人工巡检和爬行机器人巡检。人工巡检工作量大，速度缓慢效率低，遇到冰雪等自然天气时无法进行工作，在丘陵、山区复杂环境下风险性高"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"5","type":"bibr","rid":"b5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"5"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。爬行机器人巡检需要跨越电力线上的障碍物，并且受到电磁场干扰，稳定性不高"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"6","type":"bibr","rid":"b6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。国外范德堡大学的研究人员巡线时通过机载红外成像仪、摄像机获取输电线路上的缺陷信息，但是红外检测方法容易受到温度、天气等影响"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"7","type":"bibr","rid":"b7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"7"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。目前，我国无人机巡线技术越来越成熟，彭向阳等人通过机载多传感器采集输电线路信息并且诊断，该方法数据量过大并且成本较高"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"8","type":"bibr","rid":"b8","data":[{"name":"text","data":"8"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。在电晕探测设备研究方面，刘健卓等人设计出三波段电晕探测光学系统，于晓等人设计出一种用于存放截图文件的紫外探测系统，这些系统的图像处理算法较为复杂"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"9","type":"bibr","rid":"b9","data":[{"name":"text","data":"9"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"10","type":"bibr","rid":"b10","data":[{"name":"text","data":"10"}]}}],"rid":["b9","b10"],"text":"9-10","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。董小青等人采用紫外成像技术能够实现对较大放电区域的检测，但对于放电强度较弱的电晕现象却效果不佳"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"11","type":"bibr","rid":"b11","data":[{"name":"text","data":"11"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"在巡检过程中，为了能提前探测到微弱的电晕放电现象，选用灵敏度较高的光电倍增管，本文设计出无人机在航迹中对电力线电晕紫外探测和定位绝缘子缺陷的方法。不同类型的输电铁塔选择合适的巡检方式。在无人机巡检过程中调整探测设备角度，对同一铁塔进行扫描探测，在不同位置检测电晕放电功率，从而定位出铁塔上有缺陷的绝缘子。最后实验验证了该缺陷绝缘子定位方法的有效性。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"电力线电晕紫外光探测原理"}],"level":"1","id":"s2"}},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2.1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"电晕紫外光功率探测模型"}],"level":"2","id":"s2-1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"如果探测器与放电位置距离较远，视场空间覆盖电晕放电源的面积时，可以把放电源看作点源，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 1","type":"fig","rid":"Figure1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。根据朗伯余弦定律"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"12","type":"bibr","rid":"b12","data":[{"name":"text","data":"12"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，任何漫辐射体在任意方向上的辐射强度与观测方向对于辐射表面法线夹角的余弦成正比。图中Δ"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"A"}]},{"name":"text","data":"为点源，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"text","data":"为探测器与点源的距离，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"θ"}]}]},{"name":"text","data":"为在与点源法线夹角为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"θ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向上的接收光功率，表示为："}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure1","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"放电源到探测位置测量功率的几何图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Geometric diagram for measuring power from power source to detecting position"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715444&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715444&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715444&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}],"data":[{"name":"text","data":" "},{"name":"text","data":"  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"},{"name":"text","data":"  "},{"name":"math","data":{"graphicsData":{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715480&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715480&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715480&type=middle"}}}],"id":"gxjmgc-27-2-309-E3"}}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"化简为："}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"4"}],"data":[{"name":"text","data":" "},{"name":"text","data":"  "},{"name":"math","data":{"graphicsData":{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715497&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715497&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715497&type=middle"}}}],"id":"gxjmgc-27-2-309-E4"}}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"由式(4)可推出电晕放电点源辐射出的紫外光功率为："}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"5"}],"data":[{"name":"text","data":" "},{"name":"text","data":"  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2"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。系统由光信号接收、信号处理和信息存储组成。光信号接收部分包括光电倍增管和驱动电路；信号处理部分包括"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"I"}]},{"name":"text","data":"/"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"U"}]},{"name":"text","data":"转换模块、差分放大模块和微处理器；信息存储包括采集电压信息和GPS定位信息。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure2","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"电晕探测系统设计框图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Block diagram of corona detection system"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715528&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715528&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715528&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"紫外光经过大气吸收和散射后被光电探测器检测到，光信号转变为电信号，电信号比较微弱，通过"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"I"}]},{"name":"text","data":"/"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"U"}]},{"name":"text","data":"转换模块进行一级放大，运用差分可调放大器把信号二级放大，然后运用高速模数转换器对放电信号进行AD转换，微处理器对单位时间内采样信号积分处理求取均值，并还原为电压值，同时GPS模块每秒发送一次位置信息，最后将电压值和位置信息储存在SD卡中。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"从SD卡中获得的GPS定位信息可以确定无人机与铁塔之间的距离，测量电压值可以推算出探测设备的测量光功率，已知距离和测量光功率就能计算出放电源辐射出的紫外光功率。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2.3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"探测设备光功率计算方法"}],"level":"2","id":"s2-3"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"根据存储的电压值和电路特性计算出辐射在光电倍增管上的紫外光功率。测量电压值为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"V"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，电路放大倍数为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"A"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，光电倍增管的负载电阻为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"R"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，则光电倍增管的输出电流"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"I"}]},{"name":"text","data":"为："}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"6"}],"data":[{"name":"text","data":" 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3","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。无人机先在A塔斜上空悬停，探测后飞往B塔。当无人机返回到出发点时，查看采集数据，根据悬停的位置和探测到的数据初步确定电晕现象发生在哪一座铁塔上。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure3","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"无人机巡线示意图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Sketch map of UAV patrol power line"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715592&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715592&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715592&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"步骤2：调整探测器角度，进行第二次巡检，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"是第一次巡检悬停的位置，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"是第二次巡检悬停的位置。与第一次巡检方式相同，保存采集数据。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure4","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"无人机定点检测几何示意图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Geometric sketch map of UAV fixed-point detection"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715604&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715604&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715604&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"步骤3：分析两次巡检数据，再次确认铁塔，并精准计算缺陷在塔上的具体位置。为了简化问题，将无人机与铁塔上待检测的目标点坐标化，无人机悬停位置"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"x"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"y"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"z"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":")、"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"x"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"y"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"z"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":")，铁塔上1，2，3目标点之间的高度差为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"h"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，1点坐标为(0，0，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"H"}]},{"name":"text","data":")，2点坐标为(0，0，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"H"}]},{"name":"text","data":"+"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"h"}]},{"name":"text","data":")，3点坐标为(0，0，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"H"}]},{"name":"text","data":"+2"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"h"}]},{"name":"text","data":")。可以计算出"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"到目标点1的距离"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"graphicsData":{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715673&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715673&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715673&type=middle"}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"，同理可得"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"到目标点2，3的距离"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"3"}]},{"name":"text","data":"；"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"到目标点1，2，3的距离"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"text","data":"′"},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"text","data":"′"},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"text","data":"′"},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"3"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"先假设1目标点绝缘子缺陷，在"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"点得到测量功率和距离"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"d"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"带入公式(5)推出1目标点辐射出的紫外光功率"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"11"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，在"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"点求得目标点光功率为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"21"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。比较两次推算结果，如果值接近，说明是同一点源辐射的紫外光，便可确定目标点1处的绝缘子缺陷；如果值不接近，再计算2，3目标点辐射的紫外光功率，比较同一目标点的两个功率值，如果值接近可认为是该目标点处的绝缘子缺陷。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"实验及结果分析"}],"level":"1","id":"s4"}},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"4.1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"紫外LED探测实验"}],"level":"2","id":"s4-1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"根据航迹飞行过程中的定位方法设计实验，采用UVTOP270系列LED模拟电晕放电点源，LED峰值波长为270 nm，额定发射功率是0.8 mW，通过控制LED工作电流，使它发出三种不同强度的紫外光，调整探测器的角度，分别从"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"θ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0°，15°，30°和45°检测光源发出功率。光电倍增管采用R7154型，响应波长为160~320 nm，响应灵敏度为50 mA/W，增益是10"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"7"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，接收孔径为1.5 cm"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"不同天气情况下紫外光在空气中的衰减程度不同。文献["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"14","type":"bibr","rid":"b14","data":[{"name":"text","data":"14"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]研究表明严重雾霾天气下，粒子衰减比较严重，影响测试效果。文献["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"13","type":"bibr","rid":"b13","data":[{"name":"text","data":"13"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]研究表明恶劣天气下需要考虑紫外光Mie散射的影响，而晴朗天气下Rayleigh散射起主导作用。为了减小实验误差，实验选取在晴朗天气下进行。晴朗天气下，空气温度"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":"为32 ℃，湿度为30%，紫外光的大气吸收系数"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"k"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"a"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0.9×10"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"-3"}]},{"name":"text","data":" m"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"-1"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，大气散射系数"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"k"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"s"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0.18×10"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"-3"}]},{"name":"text","data":" m"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"-1"}]},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"17","type":"bibr","rid":"b17","data":[{"name":"text","data":"17"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。光功率误差定义为根据测量值计算出的光功率值与实验瞬时功率值之差所占的百分比，该误差能准确体现出测量精度的高低。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 5(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 5(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"是光源在输出电流为17 mA时，检测出的信号电压幅值与距离和角度的关系。从4种不同角度去检测光源发出的紫外光，0°和15°的测量数据较为接近。近距离时幅度变化较大，受到了测量夹角的影响，测量夹角越大，幅值越小；当测量距离逐渐增大时，幅值逐渐减小，幅值之间变化也越来越小。"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 5(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 5(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"是测量功率误差，距离越远误差越大，在25 m时误差达到最大，并且相同距离下0°和15°的测量误差值相对较小。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure5","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图5"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"光源输出电流为17 mA时的探测结果与功率误差"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 5"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Detection result and power error with output current of light source of 17 mA"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715617&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715617&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715617&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"是光源输出电流为13 mA时的探测结果与功率误差，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中电压值趋势与"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 5","type":"fig","rid":"Figure5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 5"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"测量值趋势相似，不同的是在相同距离下每组幅值偏小；"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中功率误差也是随距离的增大而增大，在12 m时测量值相对准确。"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 7","type":"fig","rid":"Figure7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 7"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"是对输出电流为9 mA光源探测的结果和功率误差，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 7(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 7(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中测量电压值随着距离的增大越来越小，0°和15°的测量值相接近；"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 7(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 7(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中15 m处测量误差值偏低，测量值相对准确，而且0°和15°的测量误差值也相对较小。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure6","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图6"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"光源输出电流为13 mA时的探测结果与功率误差"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 6"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Detection result and power error with output current of light source of 13 mA"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715630&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715630&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715630&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure7","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图7"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"光源输出电流为9 mA时的探测结果与功率误差"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 7"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Detection result and power error with output current of light source of 9 mA"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715645&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715645&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715645&type=middle"}]}}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"4.2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"电火花探测实验"}],"level":"2","id":"s4-2"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"文献["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"18","type":"bibr","rid":"b18","data":[{"name":"text","data":"18"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]中当距离大于1 km时，路径损耗模型与损耗系数和衰减系数都相关，小于1 km时不能忽略损耗所带来的影响。"},{"name":"text","data":"对电火花产生的紫外光进行功率探测实验，实验结果如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 8(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure8","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 8(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。受到紫外光在空气中衰减的影响，图中电压值随距离的增加而逐渐减小。实验是以8 m，0°时的测量值为基准值，根据公式(5)反推出其他位置的理论功率值，测量误差如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 8(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure8","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 8(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。距离越大，测量误差越大，在25 m，45°处测量误差值为11.5%，并且从整体看出0°和15°时的误差值相对较小，测量值较为准确。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure8","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图8"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"电火花探测结果与功率误差"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 8"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Experimental results and power error of electro spark"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715659&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715659&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=1715659&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"根据以上数据分析，在不同位置对光源进行探测，在有效误差范围内能够精准地计算出光源所发出的功率，探测角度选择0°和15°时测量效果较好。在电力线上绝缘子电晕产生的紫外光辐射强度远大于电火花和紫外LED辐射的强度，运用此探测方法能够有效定位出缺陷绝缘子。"}]}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"5"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"结论"}],"level":"1","id":"s5"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本文研究了电晕放电功率检测模型，设计了一种具有高灵敏度的电晕探测设备，提出了无人机在航迹中定位缺陷绝缘子的方法，并对电火花和紫外LED的功率进行探测。实验结果表明，电晕探测设备能够实现紫外光源探测，定位时改变探测器的角度和距离，可以准确检测出光源辐射的功率，并且探测角度选择0°和15°时测量值较为准确。紫外LED实验中误差在14.3%以内，电火花实验中相对误差在11.5%之内，验证了该缺陷绝缘子定位方法的有效性。"}]}]}],"footnote":[],"reflist":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"参考文献"}],"data":[{"id":"b1","label":"1","citation":[{"lang":"en","text":[{"name":"text","data":"MENENDEZ 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All rights reserved."}],"type":"copyright"}],"year":"2019"}},"appendix":[],"type":"research-article","ethics":[],"backSec":[],"supplementary":[],"journalTitle":"光学 精密工程","issue":"2","volume":"27","originalSource":[]}