{"defaultlang":"zh","titlegroup":{"articletitle":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1.2 m光电望远镜同时性三通道测光系统"}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Simultaneous three-channel photometric system of 1.2 m photoelectric telescope"}]}]},"contribgroup":{"author":[{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"牛","givenname":"炳力","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"NIU","givenname":"Bingli","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"},{"rid":"aff2","text":"2"}],"role":["first-author"],"bio":[{"lang":"zh","text":["牛炳力（1994-），男，山东淄博人，博士研究生，2016年于青岛大学获得学士学位，主要从事空间目标多色测光方面的研究。E-mail：niubl@cho.ac.cn"],"graphic":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665666&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665674&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665670&type=","width":"22.01332855","height":"32.00399780","fontsize":""}],"data":[[{"name":"text","data":"牛炳力"},{"name":"text","data":"（1994-），男，山东淄博人，博士研究生，2016年于青岛大学获得学士学位，主要从事空间目标多色测光方面的研究。E-mail："},{"name":"text","data":"niubl@cho.ac.cn"}]]}],"email":"niubl@cho.ac.cn","deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"康","givenname":"喆","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"KANG","givenname":"Zhe","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"},{"rid":"aff2","text":"2"}],"role":["corresp"],"corresp":[{"rid":"cor1","lang":"en","text":"E-mail： kangz@cho.ac.cn","data":[{"name":"text","data":"E-mail： kangz@cho.ac.cn"}]}],"bio":[{"lang":"zh","text":["康  喆（1988-），男，辽宁铁岭人，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，现任中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站光电观测研究室副主任，2015年于吉林大学获博士学位，主要从事光电探测新技术及其应用研究。E-mail:kangz@cho.ac.cn"],"graphic":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665679&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665688&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665684&type=","width":"22.01332855","height":"32.00399780","fontsize":""}],"data":[[{"name":"text","data":"康  喆"},{"name":"text","data":"（1988-），男，辽宁铁岭人，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，现任中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站光电观测研究室副主任，2015年于吉林大学获博士学位，主要从事光电探测新技术及其应用研究。E-mail:"},{"name":"text","data":"kangz@cho.ac.cn"}]]}],"email":"kangz@cho.ac.cn","deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"李","givenname":"振伟","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"LI","givenname":"Zhenwei","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"},{"rid":"aff2","text":"2"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"吕","givenname":"游","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"LÜ","givenname":"You","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"刘","givenname":"承志","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"LIU","givenname":"Chengzhi","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"},{"rid":"aff2","text":"2"}],"role":["corresp"],"corresp":[{"rid":"cor2","lang":"en","text":"lcz@cho.ac.cn","data":[{"name":"text","data":"lcz@cho.ac.cn"}]}],"email":"lcz@cho.ac.cn","deceased":false}],"aff":[{"id":"aff1","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"1","text":"中国科学院 国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站，吉林 长春 130117","data":[{"name":"text","data":"中国科学院 国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站，吉林 长春 130117"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"1","text":"Changchun Observatory， National Astronomical Observatories， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Changchun 130117， China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Changchun Observatory， National Astronomical Observatories， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Changchun 130117， China"}]}]},{"id":"aff2","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"2","text":"中国科学院大学 北京 100049","data":[{"name":"text","data":"中国科学院大学 北京 100049"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"2","text":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China"}]}]}]},"abstracts":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"基于科学级CCD相机的多色光度测量技术凭借着实用性强、简单有效等特点在天文观测中受到了广泛应用。针对传统多色测光技术缺乏同时性这一问题，本文介绍了一种新型的同时性三通道测光系统，采用分色的设计方式实现了Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）测光标准g′，r′和i′三个波段分光。首先，利用Zemax软件对三通道光度计的光学系统进行了仿真分析，仿真结果显示该系统符合总体设计指标且能够满足使用要求。然后，为验证该系统的光学性能，我们针对大量SDSS标准星开展观测，实测结果表明该设备在g′，r′和i′三个通道的视场分别为21.5′×21.5′，21.5′×21.5′和21.3′×21.3′，系统效率分别为65.6%，68.3%和63.7%，将曝光时间归算为1 s、信噪比为5时，计算得出的极限探测星等分别为15.26，16.39和15.63。接下来可通过对系统的优化，进一步提高其极限星等的探测能力。"}]}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Multicolor CCD photometric technology has been widely used in astronomical observations owing to its practicability， simplicity， and effectiveness； however， the issue of simultaneity needs to be addressed. In this paper， a new type of simultaneous three-channel photometric system， which uses a dichroic mirror to realize light splitting in the g′， r′， and i′ bands of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）， is introduced. First， the optical system of the three-channel photometer was simulated and analyzed by Zemax. The results showed that the system satisfied the overall design criteria and met the requirements for its intended application. Then， we observed a large number of SDSS standard stars to evaluate the optical performance of the equipment. The results indicated that the equipment could achieve simultaneous imaging within a field of view of 21.5′×21.5′， 21.5′×21.5′， and 21.3′×21.3′ in the g′， r′， and i′ channels， respectively. The system efficiency for each channel was 65.6， 68.3， and 63.7%， respectively， and the limiting magnitude of each channel was 15.26， 16.39， and 15.63， respectively， when the exposure time and signal-to-noise ratio were 1 s and 5， respectively. In the future， we will improve the detection capability of limiting magnitudes by optimizing the system."}]}]}],"keyword":[{"lang":"zh","data":[[{"name":"text","data":"同时性三通道测光系统"}],[{"name":"text","data":"三通道光度计"}],[{"name":"text","data":"SDSS"}],[{"name":"text","data":"光学性能"}]]},{"lang":"en","data":[[{"name":"text","data":"simultaneous three-channel photometric system"}],[{"name":"text","data":"three-channel photometer"}],[{"name":"text","data":"Sloan Digital Sky Survey（SDSS）"}],[{"name":"text","data":"optical performance"}]]}],"highlights":[],"body":[{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"1  引  言"}],"level":"1","id":"s1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"近年来，多色CCD光度测量技术广泛应用在变星、活动星系核和伽马暴余辉等天文现象的观测研究中。利用该技术不仅可以根据颜色特性分析研究对象的潜在运行机制和物理起源，而且还可以通过光度测量确定空间目标的表面材料、形状、旋转轴指向以及运行状态等物理特征，受到了天文研究者的高度关注"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"1","type":"bibr","rid":"R1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"3","type":"bibr","rid":"R3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"3"}]}}],"rid":["R1","R2","R3"],"text":"1-3","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"目前，常用的多色光度测量系统大多基于滤光片转轮方式，通过转动转轮依次替换滤光片来完成不同波段的光度测量工作。该方式通常用于测量运行状态平稳且光度变化周期较长的目标。对于快速运动的目标，其亮度信息、表面颜色特性的变化极快，这使得目标的光变时标远远小于滤光片转轮的采样间隔，会产生较大的测量误差。因此，对于快速光变的目标进行多色光度测量时，就需要保证各波段采样时间的同时性。目前，常用的同时性光度测量方式主要有：（1）使用单站的多台设备在不同波段同时观测同一目标，如迷你光电阵"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"4","type":"bibr","rid":"R4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"4"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"、光学望远镜阵列"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"5","type":"bibr","rid":"R5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"5"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"等；（2）将望远镜设计为多镜筒，每个镜筒都有独立的光学系统可以完成特定波段的光度测量工作，以保证光度信息采集的同时性，如Quad-Channel Telescope（QCT）"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"6","type":"bibr","rid":"R6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。上述两种方法虽然可以保证同时性观测，但是设备建设需要单独场地，且设备个体之间的协调与控制较为复杂，性价比不高。另一种方法是在望远镜上搭载多通道测光光度计，作为独立部件与望远镜搭配使用，拆卸方便且性价比较高。与传统的滤光片转轮测光系统相比，多通道测光光度计具有在不同滤光带同时进行观测的优点，且同时具有较高的时间分辨率，特别适合用来监测偶发的短暂非周期性天文现象例如：超新星、伽玛暴、微引力透镜、引力波等"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"7","type":"bibr","rid":"R7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"7"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"8","type":"bibr","rid":"R8","data":[{"name":"text","data":"8"}]}}],"rid":["R7","R8"],"text":"7-8","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"在天文观测中，基于同时性多通道测光光度计已经开展了大量多色CCD光度测量工作。如装备在MPI/ESO 2.2 m望远镜上的7通道测光光度计——GROND"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"1","type":"bibr","rid":"R1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，被应用于伽玛暴余辉等瞬变源的观测；装备在4.2 m威廉·赫歇尔望远镜上的ULTRACAM便携、高速成像光度计"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"9","type":"bibr","rid":"R9","data":[{"name":"text","data":"9"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，被用于研究高时间分辨率的微弱天体；安装在两台50 cm的望远镜上的多色成像光度计MITSuME"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"10","type":"bibr","rid":"R10","data":[{"name":"text","data":"10"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，主要用于伽玛暴余辉及其测光红移的研究。在国内，相关研究工作开展较少。2009年，周爱英等人在兴隆观测基地85 cm望远镜上安装了多色CCD测光光度计，并开展了暗弱目标源的观测工作"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"11","type":"bibr","rid":"R11","data":[{"name":"text","data":"11"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"；2013年，毛永娜等人员在兴隆天文观测基地的1 m望远镜上搭载了基于棱镜分光"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"12","type":"bibr","rid":"R12","data":[{"name":"text","data":"12"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的多色CCD光度计，该设备被应用于伽玛暴余辉等瞬变源的观测"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"13","type":"bibr","rid":"R13","data":[{"name":"text","data":"13"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。为了提高我国的天文观测技术水平，对各种瞬变源天体开展多色CCD测光工作，将为我国的天文事业做出贡献。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本文从理论模拟和实测两个角度出发对该光度计的光学性能进行了较为系统的评估，测试了其视场、系统效率以及极限星等，结果显示该设备的光学性能较好，具有较高的可靠性与稳定性。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"2  同时性三通道测光系统"}],"level":"1","id":"s2"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本文中，创新性采用分色镜的方式研制出三通道测光光度计。该设备的结构简单，性价比较高，光学结构更适配大口径望远镜。将其安装在吉林天文观测基地1.2 m光电望远镜的卡焦系统上，实物图如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图1","type":"fig","rid":"F1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，该系统主要用于开展超新星、伽玛暴余辉等瞬变源的观测工作以及空间目标同时性多色测光研究。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"F1","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"1.2 m光电望远镜同时性三通道测光系统"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig.1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Simultaneous three-channel photometric system of the 1.2 m photoelectric telescope"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665692&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665700&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665696&type=","width":"160.02000427","height":"95.88500214","fontsize":""}]}},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"2.1　光学结构"}],"level":"2","id":"s2a"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本文介绍的同时性三通道测光光度计是利用分色平片（Spectroscopic lens）通过镀膜的方式进行分光操作"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"14","type":"bibr","rid":"R14","data":[{"name":"text","data":"14"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"15","type":"bibr","rid":"R15","data":[{"name":"text","data":"15"}]}}],"rid":["R14","R15"],"text":"14-15","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，该设备采用两块分色镜（Beam-splitting lens）实现了在Sloan Digital Sky Survey（SDSS）滤光片系统"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"16","type":"bibr","rid":"R16","data":[{"name":"text","data":"16"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的g′，r′和i′三个通道的同时成像，相比于利用菲利普棱镜进行分光的方法，分色镜分光的方式结构简单，且元件加工精度容易保证，容易制作成较大视场，性价比较高。该光度计的总体指标要求为：在SDSS系统的g′，r′和i′波段实现分光，且三个观测波段的视场（Field of view， FOV）均不小于21′×21′，同时g′，r′，i′三个观测波段的透过效率均不小于50%，光学系统设计结果须保证80%能量集中在直径为30 μm的圆内。三通道测光光度计安装在1.2 m光电望远镜的卡焦系统上，整体及g′，r′，i′三个通道的光路如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图2","type":"fig","rid":"F2","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图2"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，其中M1和M2分别为1.2 m光电望远镜的主镜与副镜，由于卡焦系统的后截距过长，因此通过M3，M4，M5三块平面镜对光路进行折转，然后通过场镜（Field lens）将光路准直，再经过分色镜1实现第一次分光即：反射包含g′波段的光并透过包含r′波段和i′波段的光；接下来经过分色镜2实现第二次分光即：反射包含r′波段的光并透过包含i′波段的光，之后通过各个波段的成像镜组（Imaging lens group）对光路进行修正优化以达到成像要求，最后通过滤光片（Filter）的过滤后获得指定波段的光并被CCD探测器（CCD detector）接收。"}]},{"name":"figgroup","data":{"id":"F2","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"同时性三通道测光系统整体及各个通道的光路图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig.2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Optical path of the whole and each channel of the simultaneous three-channel photometric system"}]}],"note":[],"layout":"1;2;","grid":[[{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"F2a1","caption":[{"lang":"zh","title":[]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665704&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665710&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665707&type=","width":"160.02000427","height":"60.83300018","fontsize":""}]}},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"F2a2","caption":[{"lang":"zh","title":[]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665713&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665719&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665716&type=","width":"160.02000427","height":"63.75400162","fontsize":""}]}}]]}}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"2.2　光学系统仿真分析"}],"level":"2","id":"s2b"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"在安装于1.2 m光电望远镜之前，我们从理论角度出发对三通道光度计的光学系统进行了仿真分析，评价指标包含点列图（Spot diagram）、调制传递函数（MTF）以及能量集中度（Fraction of enclosed energy）"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"17","type":"bibr","rid":"R17","data":[{"name":"text","data":"17"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"19","type":"bibr","rid":"R19","data":[{"name":"text","data":"19"}]}}],"rid":["R17","R18","R19"],"text":"17-19","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，结果分别如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图3","type":"fig","rid":"F3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"~"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图5","type":"fig","rid":"F5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图5"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，从"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图3","type":"fig","rid":"F3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中可以看出三个通道的全视场点列图对称，点列图RMS半径小于3 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mathvariant=\"normal\">w</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>×</mo><mi>G</mi></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665894&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665892&type=","width":"24.89200020","height":"7.95866632","fontsize":""}}},{"name":"text","data":"，"}],"id":"DF3"}},{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"（4）"}],"data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math display=\"block\" id=\"M4\"><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">l</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></mfrac></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665905&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665896&type=","width":"22.01333237","height":"7.95866632","fontsize":""}}},{"name":"text","data":"，"}],"id":"DF4"}},{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"（5）"}],"data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math display=\"block\" id=\"M5\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"normal\">10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant=\"normal\">0.4</mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mo></mrow></msup><mi>π</mi><msup><mrow><mfenced separators=\"|\"><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"normal\">2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"normal\">2</mn></mrow></msup></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665910&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665908&type=","width":"51.73133087","height":"9.90600014","fontsize":""}}},{"name":"text","data":"，"}],"id":"DF5"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"其中："},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M6\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">l</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665914&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665912&type=","width":"6.43466663","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"为1.2 m光电望远镜和光度计形成的三通道多色测光系统整体的效率，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M7\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"normal\">1.2</mn><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665917&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665915&type=","width":"7.45066643","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"和"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M8\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">p</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">r</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665921&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665919&type=","width":"11.93799973","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"分别为1.2 m光电望远镜和三通道光度计的系统效率；"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M9\"><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">b</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665925&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665923&type=","width":"5.92666674","height":"3.80999994","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"代表CCD相机单位时间所观测到的光子数，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M10\"><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">r</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">w</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665928&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665927&type=","width":"5.75733376","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"代表观测目标的总流量，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M11\"><mi>t</mi></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665933&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665931&type=","width":"1.26999998","height":"2.79399991","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"和"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M12\"><mi>G</mi></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665936&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665935&type=","width":"2.87866688","height":"2.79399991","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"分别代表曝光时间和CCD相机增益；"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M13\"><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">l</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665940&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665938&type=","width":"6.18066692","height":"3.80999994","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"为计算得到的理论光子数，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M14\"><mi>λ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665945&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665943&type=","width":"8.80533314","height":"3.21733332","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"分别代表波长、普朗克常数、光速，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M15\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665949&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665947&type=","width":"3.72533321","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"代表利用口径为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"D"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的望远镜观测星等值为"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M16\"><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665952&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665950&type=","width":"3.89466691","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"的恒星时光学系统所接收的能量，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M17\"><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665957&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665955&type=","width":"3.72533321","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"为零等星在"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M18\"><mi>λ</mi></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665961&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665959&type=","width":"1.77800000","height":"2.79399991","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"波段的能量，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"k"}]},{"name":"text","data":"为主大气消光系数，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"M（z）"}]},{"name":"text","data":"代表天顶距为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"z"}]},{"name":"text","data":"处的大气质量数；1.2 m光电望远镜的效率"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M19\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">l</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">p</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665965&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665963&type=","width":"10.15999985","height":"3.72533321","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"是在三通道光度计安装之前利用式（2）~"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"式（5）","type":"disp-formula","rid":"DF5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"式（5）"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"计算得出，根据上述公式计算得到光度计g′，r′和i′三个通道的系统效率的结果如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"表4","type":"table","rid":"T4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"表4"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，考虑到三通道光度计不可避免的机械误差与装配误差，该结果完全满足光度计的设计指标要求。"}]},{"name":"table","data":{"id":"T4","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"表4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"三通道测光系统的效率"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Tab.4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Efficiency of three-channel photometric system"}]}],"note":[],"table":[{"head":[[{"align":"center","style":"border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;","data":[]},{"align":"center","style":"border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M20\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">l</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665967&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665966&type=","width":"5.58799982","height":"3.21733332","fontsize":""}}}]}]},{"align":"center","style":"border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M21\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1.2</mn><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665969&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665968&type=","width":"6.51933336","height":"3.21733332","fontsize":""}}}]}]},{"align":"center","style":"border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M22\"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">p</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">o</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">r</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665971&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665970&type=","width":"10.58333302","height":"3.21733332","fontsize":""}}}]}]}]],"body":[[{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"g′"}]},{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"30.3"}]},{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"46.2"}]},{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"65.6"}]}],[{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"r′"}]},{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"28.5"}]},{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"41.7"}]},{"align":"center","data":[{"name":"text","data":"68.3"}]}],[{"align":"center","style":"border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"text","data":"i′"}]},{"align":"center","style":"border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"text","data":"31.9"}]},{"align":"center","style":"border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"text","data":"50.1"}]},{"align":"center","style":"border-bottom:solid;","data":[{"name":"text","data":"63.7"}]}]],"foot":[]}],"graphics":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665973&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665972&type=","width":"76.90000153","height":"20.70001221","fontsize":""},"cellunit":[{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"text","data":"%"}]}]}}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"3.3　极限星等"}],"level":"2","id":"s3c"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"基于前文介绍的光学透过率、系统效率，对1.2 m光电望远镜和三通道光度计组成的测光系统的探测极限进行了计算评估，具体方法如式（6）~"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"式（8）","type":"disp-formula","rid":"DF8","data":[{"name":"text","data":"式（8）"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"［"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"22","type":"bibr","rid":"R22","data":[{"name":"text","data":"22"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"］"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，式中"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M23\"><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">t</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">r</mi></mrow></msub></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665977&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665975&type=","width":"6.09600019","height":"3.80999994","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"代表用口径为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"D"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的望远镜在"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math id=\"M24\"><mover accent=\"true\"><mi>λ</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math>","graphicsData":{"small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665982&type=","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41665979&type=","width":"1.77800000","height":"3.30200005","fontsize":""}}}]},{"name":"text","data":"波段观测星等值为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"m"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的星时经过"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"t"}]},{"name":"text","data":"秒曝光在量子效率为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Q"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的CCD相机靶面上所产生的电子数，"},{"name":"inlineformula","data":[{"name":"math","data":{"math":"<math 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