High-precision aiming error suppression technique for dynamic angle measurement based on differential alignment

LIANG Yuhuan; WU Zhonghuai; RU Hongwu; WANG Yun; QIU Lirong; ZHAO Weiqian

doi:10.37188/OPE.20263410.1516

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High-precision aiming error suppression technique for dynamic angle measurement based on differential alignment

Modern Applied Optics | 更新时间：2026-06-17

- High-precision aiming error suppression technique for dynamic angle measurement based on differential alignment
- Optics and Precision Engineering Vol. 34, Issue 10, Pages: 1516-1525(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  北京理工大学光电学院，北京100081
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.37188/OPE.20263410.1516
  CLC： TP394.1;TH691.9
- CSTR：32169.14.OPE.20263410.1516
- Received：08 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-21，
  
  Published：25 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
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梁宇环,吴中怀,汝洪武等.高精度差动对准动态测角瞄准误差抑制技术[J].光学精密工程,2026,34(10):1516-1525.

LIANG Yuhuan,WU Zhonghuai,RU Hongwu,et al.High-precision aiming error suppression technique for dynamic angle measurement based on differential alignment[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2026,34(10):1516-1525.
梁宇环,吴中怀,汝洪武等.高精度差动对准动态测角瞄准误差抑制技术[J].光学精密工程,2026,34(10):1516-1525. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20263410.1516. CSTR： 32169.14.OPE.20263410.1516.

LIANG Yuhuan,WU Zhonghuai,RU Hongwu,et al.High-precision aiming error suppression technique for dynamic angle measurement based on differential alignment[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2026,34(10):1516-1525. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20263410.1516. CSTR： 32169.14.OPE.20263410.1516.

摘要

高精度瞄准是测角的基准，决定了测角的精度，在精密测量领域中具有重要作用，针对瞄准过程中由于光斑畸变造成峰值光强点与能量质心分离影响瞄准精度的问题，提出一种高精度差动对准动态测角瞄准误差抑制技术。通过在探测器前加入双狭缝光阑对光斑进行整形滤波并获取双路光强信号，两路信号进行差分运算实现误差分离与信号补偿，根据差动对准光强响应曲线过零点的高灵敏性得到精确的光斑定位，消除光斑畸变对瞄准精度的影响。理论分析与初步实验结果表明：该技术可以有效抑制由于光斑畸变引起的瞄准误差，瞄准重复性可达0.03″，测角精度达到0.1″。与现有质心定位技术相比，该技术的瞄准重复性好、测角精度高，为高精度的动态激光测角系统提供了一种实用的技术方案。

Abstract

High-precision aiming is the benchmark for angle measurement. It directly dictates the final measurement accuracy and is crucial in the precision measurement field. Dynamic aiming processes often suffer from optical spot distortion. This distortion separates the peak light intensity and energy centroid. Such spatial separation severely compromises overall aiming accuracy. We proposed an error suppression technique. It targeted high-precision dynamic laser angle measurement systems. Our method was based on differential alignment principles. A double-slit aperture was placed before the quadrant photodetector. The optical spot was systematically shaped and filtered. This setup acquired dual-channel light intensity signals. A differential operation processed these two distinct signals. This calculation achieved spatial error separation. It also provided dynamic optical signal compensation. The differential alignment curve featured a specific light intensity response. The zero-crossing point on this curve was highly sensitive. We utilized this extreme sensitivity for precise spot positioning. This mechanism fully eliminated the impact of optical spot distortion. Consequently， dynamic aiming accuracy remained completely unaffected. We conducted theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental verification. Tests utilized a standard prism on an air-bearing rotary system. Results prove this technique suppresses distortion-induced aiming errors. The optimized system achieves an aiming repeatability of 0.03″. The angle measurement accuracy reliably reaches 0.1″. We compared this approach with existing centroid location techniques. The proposed method offers superior aiming repeatability. It also guarantees higher angle measurement accuracy. This research provides a practical technical solution ideal for dynamic laser angle measurement applications.

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references

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