最新刊期
卷 34 ， 期 10 ， 2026
- 摘要：The core components of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensors may be unstable over a long period of operation， such as the fluctuation of light source and the gain change of detectors， which leads to high false and inactive alarm rate. As traditional vibration event location algorithms use static thresholds， the sensitivity for vibration event discrimination is relatively low， and without the consideration of the instability of the system's hardware， it is difficult to satisfy the reliability requirement during long-term operation.To address this issue， this paper proposed a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor scheme based on calibrated reference threshold. A calibration unit was arranged to correct the signal power and obtain the threshold fluctuation coefficient， and then， a difference threshold curve was constructed， and finally， by normalization processing the threshold curve was transformed for vibration event location. In experiments， a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor was built， with a light pulse width of 30 ns and peak power of approximately 33 dBm and a sensing optical fiber approximately 25 km in length. And three vibration events were loaded at positions of about 10， 20， and 25 km along the sensing fiber respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed sensor can accurately identify and locate the vibration events along the sensing optical fiber. The new sensor can overcome the problem of the instability of the system hardware， and improve the sensitivity of vibration event identification with the integration of the advantages of the traditional difference algorithm and ratio algorithm， which ensures good algorithm universality and also keeps a high system dynamic range.关键词：distributed optical fiber sensing;calibration unit;power correction;threshold locating3|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：High-precision aiming is the benchmark for angle measurement. It directly dictates the final measurement accuracy and is crucial in the precision measurement field. Dynamic aiming processes often suffer from optical spot distortion. This distortion separates the peak light intensity and energy centroid. Such spatial separation severely compromises overall aiming accuracy. We proposed an error suppression technique. It targeted high-precision dynamic laser angle measurement systems. Our method was based on differential alignment principles. A double-slit aperture was placed before the quadrant photodetector. The optical spot was systematically shaped and filtered. This setup acquired dual-channel light intensity signals. A differential operation processed these two distinct signals. This calculation achieved spatial error separation. It also provided dynamic optical signal compensation. The differential alignment curve featured a specific light intensity response. The zero-crossing point on this curve was highly sensitive. We utilized this extreme sensitivity for precise spot positioning. This mechanism fully eliminated the impact of optical spot distortion. Consequently， dynamic aiming accuracy remained completely unaffected. We conducted theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental verification. Tests utilized a standard prism on an air-bearing rotary system. Results prove this technique suppresses distortion-induced aiming errors. The optimized system achieves an aiming repeatability of 0.03″. The angle measurement accuracy reliably reaches 0.1″. We compared this approach with existing centroid location techniques. The proposed method offers superior aiming repeatability. It also guarantees higher angle measurement accuracy. This research provides a practical technical solution ideal for dynamic laser angle measurement applications.关键词：angular measurement;Quadrant Photodetector （QPD）;aiming error;differential alignment;dynamic laser goniometer2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：Laser-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy （LITES） technology has been widely used in trace gas detection due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. This technology uses a small， low-cost quartz tuning fork instead of an expensive photodetector as the detection element， retrieving gas concentration information by detecting the change in light intensity after the interaction of a laser with the analyte gas. To improve the detection sensitivity of the LITES sensing system， a Herriot-type multipass cell with an effective optical path length of 17 m was designed. Additionally， a beat frequency （BF） modulation and demodulation scheme was proposed to shorten the response time. The developed BF-LITES sensing system can complete the measurement of the entire signal within a measurement cycle of 800 ms， which shortens the signal measurement cycle by a factor of 25 compared with the 20 s measurement cycle of a traditional LITES system. The BF-LITES sensing system was experimentally constructed， and through optimization of parameters such as modulation frequency， modulation depth， and scan rate， the final measured detection sensitivity for methane gas was 256.74 ppb. Allan variance analysis showed that the detection sensitivity increased to 6.71 ppb when the averaging time was increased to 81 s. Compared with traditional LITES sensing systems， the designed BF-LITES sensing system has higher detection sensitivity and faster response time， and has high application potential in environmental monitoring， industrial process control， and medical diagnostics.关键词：laser-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy;beat frequency modulation and demodulation technology;Herriot-type multi-pass cell;quartz tuning fork2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
Modern Applied Optics
- 摘要：To address the issues of high sample consumption， complex operation， high cost， and low throughput associated with traditional thromboelastography （Thromboelastography， TEG） testing， we designed and fabricated a high-throughput microfluidic chip based on optical detection principles， integrating pneumatically controlled microvalves and a droplet generator to enable low-cost， portable， and automated blood viscoelasticity testing. First， based on the thromboelastography testing process， a three-layer chip was designed that integrates a sample introduction unit， a reaction unit， a droplet generation unit， and a waste liquid unit. From top to bottom， the layers consist of a pneumatic control layer， an elastic film layer， and a channel layer. Next， the pressure of the pneumatic microvalves was optimized using the fluid-structure interaction module in finite element simulation software to achieve precise flow control. Next， precision milling， laser cutting， and pressure-sensitive adhesive （PSA） bonding processes were employed to fabricate and seal the three-layer chip. The lower surface of the droplet generator was treated with a fluorosilicon dioxide coating to impart hydrophobicity. Finally， tests were conducted on fluid flow within the chip， sequential control of the microvalves， and the generation of hanging droplets. The results showed that when 340 μL of sample was loaded into the sample inlet unit and the 17 microvalves were sequentially controlled via the pneumatic control system， the chip could simultaneously achieve parallel fluid control across four channels； through the coordinated output of positive and negative pressures， reaction fluid control and waste liquid collection were achieved； by constructing a hydrophilic through-hole innerwall with a contact angle of 78.50° and a hydrophobic droplet generator lower surface with a contact angle of 153.99°， the simultaneous generation of 20 μL hanging droplets across four channels was achieved， with no droplet loss or abnormal spreading observed. This study provides a technical platform for the development of domestically produced portable high-throughput TEG detectors.关键词：microfluidic chip;high-throughput;pendent droplet;pneumatic microvalve2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：During in-situ laser-assisted diamond cutting of hard and brittle materials， laser irradiation on the tool flank face may induce localized heat accumulation， resulting in aggravated tool wear， reduced machining stability， and degraded surface quality.To address this issue， a novel diamond cutting tool was designed to enable laser emission exclusively from the rake face， aiming to improve surface quality and tool wear resistance during long-distance machining. Based on optical refraction and total internal reflection theory， a laser propagation model within the diamond tool was established to analyze the geometric constraints among the laser incident angle， rake angle， and clearance angle. Precise control of the laser emission position was achieved through tool structural design. Optical simulations combined with laser power calibration were performed to compare the beam transmission characteristics of the novel tool with those of a conventional tool. Under identical cutting parameters， comparative in-situ laser-assisted diamond cutting experiments on fused silica were conducted to systematically investigate surface roughness and tool wear behavior at different cutting distances. The results showed that， at the same input laser power， the output laser power of the novel tool was generally higher than that of the conventional tool， indicating improved beam transmission efficiency. When the cutting distance is 1.0 km， the surface roughness Sa obtained using both tools is comparable. However， when the cutting distance reaches 3.0 km， the surface roughness Sa achieved by the novel tool is 31.19 nm， compared with 49.91 nm for the conventional tool， corresponding to a reduction of approximately 37.5%. Tool wear morphology analysis indicates that flank groove wear is the dominant wear mode for both tools， while the novel tool exhibits a smaller flank wear width. By enabling laser emission solely from the rake face through tool structural design， heat accumulation on the flank face is effectively suppressed. Tool wear is mitigated， and machining stability and surface quality are significantly improved within a certain cutting distance range. This study provides an effective tool design approach for high-quality， long-distance ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials.关键词：fused silica;in-situ laser assisted diamond cutting;surface quality;tool wear2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：This study systematically investigates the interplay among cutting micro-morphology， material ablation thresholds and process parameters for automotive ultra-thin glass， with the aim of enabling high-quality， low-damage femtosecond laser cutting in support of automotive lightweighting and intelligence. Initially， linear scribing was performed on 0.55 mm thick soda-lime glass and high-alumina glass with a 1 030 nm infrared femtosecond laser to elucidate the relationship between key process parameters and the cutting morphology. Subsequently， the diameter-squared extrapolation method was employed to determine the ablation thresholds of both glasses at repetition rates of 0.05 MHz， 0.2 MHz， and 0.5 MHz. The differences in laser machinability of the two glasses were characterized， and the underlying mechanisms governing the evolution of the ablation thresholds was revealed. Thereafter， infeasible process regions were excluded to preliminarily identify the process parameter window. Based on a BP neural network， a prediction model was established to further optimize the selection of process parameters. Ultimately， bottom-up full-thickness cutting of ultra-thin glass was realized using the optimized process parameters. The experimental results at 0.2 MHz indicate that the ablation threshold of high-alumina glass is lower than that of soda-lime glass， rendering it more susceptible to uniformly distributed linear scratches and a higher crack propensity. The Surface roughness Ra of the cut cross-section is 0.50 μm for aluminosilicate glass， which is lower than 0.75 μm for soda-lime glass， indicating superior cross-sectional quality. Both materials meet the surface quality requirements for precision cutting of automotive glass. It is concluded that the proposed process optimization strategy-integrating cutting topography， ablation threshold analysis， and model prediction-effectively suppresses thermal damage during processing， which validates its strong feasibility and reliability for ultra-thin glass cutting.关键词：femtosecond laser;ultra-thin automotive glass;ablation threshold;process optimization;precision cutting0|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
Micro\/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
- 摘要：To meet the high-precision alignment requirements of wafer assembly， a multi-view visual alignment method based on robust global optimization was proposed， and a corresponding performance evaluation framework was established. First， multi-target information was obtained using multi-view vision， and the pose was estimated by fusing the target information through a nonlinear least-squares objective function. Second， the target residuals were normalized according to measurement accuracy thresholds， and the Huber loss function combined with an iterative reweighting method was used to automatically reduce the weights of abnormal targets， thereby suppressing the influence of scratches and other errors. For the optimization process， an Armijo adaptive backtracking line search strategy was embedded into the Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） algorithm to improve convergence stability and efficiency. Furthermore， coordinate mapping and a rotation-induced displacement compensation model were established to realize error propagation and motion compensation. An angle–displacement coupled intersection-over-union （AD-IoU） metric was proposed， and two-layer wafer alignment experiments were conducted. The results show that the proposed robust global optimization-based iterative method reduces the number of convergence iterations to approximately three. When a micron-level local target deviation of 4 μm is introduced， the mean AD-IoU decreases by only 0.06%， verifying the iterative efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.关键词：multi-view vision;wafer alignment;precision assembly;Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：To address the low efficiency of phase-based stereo matching in binocular structured light 3D reconstruction. This paper proposed a fast phase stereo matching method based on an intercept adaptive search strategy. First， epipolar lines were described by the intersection lines between the epipolar plane and the imaging planes of the left and right cameras. Also， the principle of the epipolar constraint was introduced. Then， the horizontal intercept and vertical intercept of the right epipolar line were calculated. Based on these intercept values， the position of the right epipolar line on the right camera image plane was determined. Accordingly， the distribution of the right epipolar line was classified into four quadrants. Based on this classification， the search range for phase stereo matching along the epipolar line was effectively reduced. Furthermore， the monotonic increase of the absolute phase within a single row was exploited. Based on this property， a binary search strategy was employed to identify corresponding points between the left and right images. Bilinear interpolation was then applied to achieve sub-pixel stereo matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides both high accuracy and high efficiency. For the reconstructed point cloud of a standard sphere， the absolute error of the sphere diameter is 0.011 mm， and the absolute flatness error is 0.013 mm. In terms of matching time， the proposed method reduces the computation time by 17.074% compared with the AD algorithm， and by more than 91% compared with the AD-Census and SGM algorithms. In addition， three-dimensional reconstruction experiments are conducted on a metal gear， a ceramic ornament， and a quartz glass workpiece. These objects represent curved， planar， and discontinuous surface measurement scenarios， respectively. A dimensional measurement experiment is also performed on the discontinuous-surface workpiece. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can rapidly and effectively reconstruct objects in various measurement scenarios. Meanwhile， it maintains high reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency.关键词：binocular structured light;3D reconstruction;stereo matching;epipolar constraint;Phase matching2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：Space satellite target detection is the core supporting technology for major national aerospace projects such as on-orbit autonomous spacecraft service and space situational awareness （SSA）， and directly determines the execution safety and reliability of space missions. This study addressed the key challenges in space satellite target detection， including weak texture， asymmetric targets， multi-scale distribution and complex illumination interference， as well as the limitations of existing methods such as insufficient detection accuracy and weak background interference suppression capability. We took the You Only Look Once version 11 nano （YOLOv11n） as the baseline， and constructed a novel Sat-YOLO model with three customized improved modules： first， we introduced Shifted Windmill Convolution （SPConv） to replace traditional downsampling convolution， which enhanced the feature capture of asymmetric satellite targets and sparse feature aggregation； second， we integrated the ASTSA attention mechanism into the native C3K2 module of YOLOv11， and proposed a C3K2_ASTSA feature-enhanced detection head to suppress space background noise and improve target feature discriminability； third， we designed a Multi-Scale Large-Kernel Decomposition Attention （MLKDA） module to achieve full-scale target feature coverage， further improving detection accuracy. Meanwhile， we built an on-orbit simulated spacecraft observation system and constructed a dedicated space satellite dataset containing 8000 samples， covering three types of targets including satellites， solar panels and irregular spherical antennas under complex illumination scenes， and systematically evaluated the performance of the detection algorithm through ablation experiments， comparative experiments and cross-dataset validation. Experimental results show that on the self-built space satellite dataset， Sat-YOLO achieves 88.4% precision， 85.5% recall， 93.7% mean Average Precision （mAP）@0.5， and 57.8% mAP@0.5：0.95， with improvements of 3.7%， 1.3%， 3.2% and 2.9% respectively over the YOLOv11n baseline； on the ExDark low-light dataset， Sat-YOLO outperforms mainstream comparative schemes including RT-DETR-l， YOLO series models， MHSA-YOLOv5s and YKSB in comprehensive performance. The proposed Sat-YOLO effectively alleviates the core challenges of space satellite target detection， achieves significant improvement in detection accuracy， and has excellent environmental adaptability and cross-scene generalization ability， which can provide reliable technical support for satellite target detection in complex space scenes.关键词：space satellite;target detection;attention mechanism;multi-scale feature;spacecraft perception3|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：Underground roadways and utility tunnels are commonly affected by adverse environmental conditions such as insufficient illumination and severe dust or haze interference. During inspection in such unstructured spaces， wheeled-legged robots are prone to high-frequency jitter， which degrades the stability of image sequences captured by onboard depth cameras and， consequently， reduces the accuracy of three-dimensional reconstruction. To address this issue， this study proposed an image enhancement and stabilization method for complex operating conditions. Firstly， the acquired images were processed to suppress the effects of illumination variation as well as dust and haze disturbance. Subsequently， a dual-branch motion estimation framework based on KLT （Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi） feature tracking and pyramidal LK （Lucas–Kanade） optical flow was constructed. In the KLT branch， the Random Sample Consensus （RANSAC） algorithm was used to remove abnormal matched points and obtain sparse feature-based motion estimates. In the LK optical-flow branch， K-means clustering was used to select dominant motion vectors and obtain continuous optical-flow-based motion estimates. An adaptive-confidence fusion strategy was further proposed to obtain global motion estimates through dynamic weight allocation. The original image was then quantitatively compensated to generate stable image sequences. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed KLRK-Stab （KLT and LK-based Robust Stabilization） method outperforms other algorithms in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio （PSNR） and Structural Similarity Index Measure （SSIM）. At the level of three-dimensional reconstruction， the point-cloud thickness is reduced from 0.111-0.163 m before stabilization to 0.058-0.084 m after stabilization， indicating an improvement in reconstruction accuracy and effectively enhancing the reliability of three-dimensional reconstruction.关键词：complex operating conditions;image enhancement and stabilization;feature tracking;optical flow;3D reconstruction accuracy2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
- 摘要：Image fusion integrates the consistent and complementary features of multi-modal images to effectively compensate for insufficient details in single-modal images. Aiming at the problems that existing methods separated feature extraction and fusion， underutilized illumination information， and achieved unsatisfactory fusion results in complex illumination scenes， this paper proposed a dual-stream hierarchical interactive infrared and visible image fusion network guided by illumination weight allocation. The network adopted a layer-wise interactive strategy to alternately perform feature extraction and cross-modal fusion. A global illumination prior classification network was used to embed illumination information into the dual-stream network， so as to alleviate the impact of uneven illumination. The step-wise dilation strategy and lightweight global context block were integrated into feature extraction to achieve multi-scale and long-range semantic correlation. Differential features and parallel dual-attention mechanisms were adopted to enhance the screening and enhancement of modal complementary information， and fusion weights were dynamically adjusted according to illumination to avoid single-modal dominance. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multiple datasets. On the MSRS datasets， MI and QAB/F are improved by 3.76% and 7.86%， respectively， compared with the suboptimal algorithm. It achieves better performance in preserving target contours and details in complex scenes such as low light and dense fog. The proposed method effectively balances low-level spatial information and high-level semantic information， significantly improving the accuracy and visual effect of image fusion in complex illumination scenarios.关键词：image fusion;illumination weight;feature interaction;multi-scale;differential information2|0|0更新时间：2026-06-17
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