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1.西南科技大学 制造过程测试技术教育部重点实验室,四川 绵阳 621010
2.中国空气动力研究与发展中心 飞行器流体物理重点实验室,四川 绵阳 621000
3.西南大学 工程技术学院,重庆 400715
Received:03 April 2026,
Revised:2026-04-21,
Online First:10 July 2026,
Published:10 August 2026
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廖晓波,李武,程磊等.厚壁圆孔单目背光精密位姿测量的灰度积分投影双模态[J].光学精密工程,2026,34(15):2398-2409.
LIAO Xiaobo,LI Wu,CHENG Lei,et al.Dual-modal precision pose measurement for thick-walled cylindrical holes under monocular backlight vision based on grayscale integral projection[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2026,34(15):2398-2409.
廖晓波,李武,程磊等.厚壁圆孔单目背光精密位姿测量的灰度积分投影双模态[J].光学精密工程,2026,34(15):2398-2409. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20263415.2398. CSTR: 32169.14.OPE.20263415.2398.
LIAO Xiaobo,LI Wu,CHENG Lei,et al.Dual-modal precision pose measurement for thick-walled cylindrical holes under monocular backlight vision based on grayscale integral projection[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2026,34(15):2398-2409. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20263415.2398. CSTR: 32169.14.OPE.20263415.2398.
在微型热电偶等精密部件的圆柱孔-轴装配过程中,圆孔位姿的高精度测量是保证装配同轴度的关键环节。然而,针对具有一定厚度的微小圆孔(孔径大小为0.03~3.7 mm,结构常数
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2.5)结构测量,传统三维视觉方法系统复杂、建模困难,且单目背光视觉在倾斜条件下孔壁遮挡,从而导致光斑边缘模糊,降低了测量精度与稳定性。为此,提出一种基于灰度积分投影的双模态厚壁圆孔单目背光精密位姿测量方法。通过建立厚壁圆孔的背光成像几何模型,获得了光斑形态与圆孔倾斜角度关系。在此基础上,提出了粗调线性逆解与精调极值搜索的双模态位姿测量方法。在粗调阶段,通过全局能量统计的灰度积分投影,将二维图像降维为一维光通量分布曲线,从而规避局部边缘模糊的干扰,提取光斑形态的水平特征宽度,利用其在大倾角(超过70%理论截止角)下呈现的线性映射特征,构建姿态逆解模型,实现圆孔大偏差的快速修正;在精调阶段,切换至基于透射光通量的搜索方法,利用光通量在零位姿态处取得全局极大值的物理特性,通过闭环迭代寻优,实现对圆孔位姿的高精度定位。实验结果表明,在大倾角且伴随毛刺干扰的复杂工况下,该方法展现出极强的抗扰动稳定性,检测成功率在91%以上,有效提升了精密装配的精度与效率,为实际工程应用提供了一种低成本解决方案。
High-precision pose measurement of circular holes is essential for ensuring coaxiality during hole-shaft assembly of precision components, including micro-thermocouples. For micro thick-walled holes with diameters of 0.03-3.7 mm and a structural constant
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2.5, conventional three-dimensional vision systems are di
fficult to implement because of their complex hardware and imaging models. Moreover, in monocular backlight imaging, wall occlusion produces blurred light-spot edges at tilted poses, thereby reducing measurement robustness. A dual-mode pose-measurement method based on grayscale integral projection is proposed for monocular backlight imaging of thick-walled circular holes. A geometric backlight-imaging model establishes the relationship between light-spot morphology and hole inclination. For coarse alignment, grayscale integral projection converts the two-dimensional image into a one-dimensional transmitted-flux distribution, suppressing interference from locally blurred edges. A linear inverse model is applied at inclination angles exceeding 70% of the theoretical cutoff angle to rapidly correct large angular deviations. For fine alignment, a closed-loop extremum-search algorithm exploits the maximum transmitted flux at the zero-pose condition to achieve sub-degree pose positioning. Experiments conducted under large-inclination and burr-interference conditions achieved a detection success rate exceeding 91%. The proposed method provides a low-cost and robust solution for circular-hole pose alignment in precision assembly systems.
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