最新刊期
卷 34 ， 期 9 ， 2026
- 摘要：The global landscape of the instrument industry and its critical role in scientific and economic development are analyzed. By examining the development trajectories of leading international instrument enterprises， key strategies for overcoming scale-related bottlenecks are identified. The challenges faced by Chinese instrument companies are further discussed， and practical pathways for scalable growth are proposed. Future development prospects are also outlined.关键词：Instrument industry;scale bottleneck;international comparison;development strategy;industrial polic67|38|0更新时间：2026-05-11
Industrial Review
- 摘要：The geometric morphology of buried nano-hole structures plays a critical role in the optical feedback characteristics and device stability of photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers （PCSELs）， in which size and uniformity are key parameters for performance evaluation. In practical characterization， cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy （SEM） is commonly employed by cleaving devices along specific crystallographic directions. However， due to the buried nature of the nano-holes and the large field of view required for array-level inspection， individual holes occupy only a small fraction of the image， leading to low contrast， blurred boundaries， and complex morphologies that hinder automatic identification and accurate measurement.To address these challenges， an automatic hole identification and geometric measurement method for PCSEL cross-sectional SEM images is presented. A semantic segmentation model is employed to automatically extract hole regions under different hole geometries and imaging conditions， based on which hole dimensions are measured in a unified and automated manner. The selected model achieves an Intersection-over-Union （IoU） of approximately 93% on the validation dataset， with an F1-score of about 95%. The automatically measured results show good agreement with manual measurements， with a relative uncertainty of approximately 1%-5% across different size ranges. In addition， the proposed approach enables quantitative evaluation of dimensional uniformity and local non-uniformity of buried nano-hole arrays along the lateral direction， providing useful structural information at the array scale. These results demonstrate that the proposed method improves measurement efficiency and reliability， offering a practical tool for dimensional evaluation and process monitoring of buried nano-hole structures in PCSEL devices.关键词：semiconductor laser;photonic crystal surface-emitting laser;buried nano-hole structure;image characterization;semantic segmentation47|32|0更新时间：2026-05-11
- 摘要：Optical glass presents significant challenges for strain–stress measurement， and full-field synchronous acquisition remains difficult to achieve. An opposed dual-path measurement system based on Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry （DSPI） is developed. Synchronous triggering is realized using signals from a tensile testing machine， with a maximum acquisition delay of less than 2.2 s. System accuracy is evaluated through Finite Element Analysis （FEA）.Parallel reflective and transmissive optical paths are employed to extract surface speckle and birefringence phase information. Axial tensile tests are conducted on quartz glass specimens under loads ranging from 50 N to 170 N， enabling synchronous acquisition of full-field strain and stress data. Repeatability tests confirm the stability and general applicability of the results. An equal-scale finite element model is established， and experimental results are systematically compared with simulations. Measurement errors and their sources are analyzed in detail.Experimental contour maps show strong agreement with simulation results. The average relative error in strain over the full range is 9.2%， while the stress measurement error is controlled within 7.8%. Measured values are slightly higher than simulated ones. The discrepancies are primarily attributed to loading eccentricity， fixture preload， and geometric coupling effects induced by oblique incidence. Additional bending moments and deflections are captured by the proposed system but are absent in idealized FEA models.The system satisfies engineering analysis requirements and demonstrates distinct advantages in full-field synchronous measurement. It provides effective support for failure analysis and optimization of optical components and exhibits strong adaptability to complex force–optical coupling environments.关键词：digital speckle pattern interferometry;simultaneous stress and strain measurement;dual-path optical system;optical glass49|30|0更新时间：2026-05-11
- 摘要：To improve the efficiency of performance analysis and evaluation for ground-based space target telescopes and to advance equipment digitalization， an all-weather detection capability model is developed based on multi-frame joint correlation superposition processing. Key factors influencing all-time detection capability， including atmospheric transmittance， sky background radiation， and integration time， are systematically analyzed. Energy-based mathematical models for detection capability are established for two operational modes： nighttime detection in the visible band and daytime detection in the near-infrared band. A digital software system for detection capability is implemented on the LabVIEW platform， featuring an intuitive and user-friendly human–machine interface. The effectiveness of the proposed model in enhancing evaluation efficiency is verified through a case study of a 500 mm ground-based all-weather telescope. The model provides a practical and efficient tool for telescope design and performance assessment， enabling reliable evaluation of detection capabilities and supporting the digital development of ground-based space target telescopes.关键词：optoelectric detection;Optical telescope;day time;detection capability;frame stacking;digital model;Near-infrared44|33|0更新时间：2026-05-11
- 摘要：High-precision interferometric testing of high-order aspheric surfaces is a critical step in ultraprecision optical fabrication. Conventional manual interferometric testing relies heavily on expert experience， suffers from low efficiency， and fails to meet the requirements of batch inspection. To address these limitations， exact five-degree-of-freedom sensitivity functions for rotationally symmetric surfaces are derived based on rigid-body kinematics and Fringe Zernike aberration theory. For high-order aspherics， Zernike projection integrals are evaluated using numerical quadrature， thereby avoiding the low-order truncation inherent in conventional analytical approaches. The proposed model requires only sag equation parameters as input and eliminates the need for empirical calibration or complete optical system modeling. To resolve the coupling between surface figure errors and misalignment-induced aberrations that cannot be effectively separated by standard least-squares methods， a weighted least-squares inversion strategy is introduced. In this approach， weight factors are applied to dynamically regulate the contributions of critical modes， thereby suppressing the influence of inherent figure errors on pose estimation and improving overall testing accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that， in known-misalignment verification， correction errors for all five degrees of freedom remain within 3.5%. In unknown-misalignment verification， the conventional method fails to converge， yielding a misalignment-induced residual of RMS=0.113λ， whereas the proposed weighted least-squares method converges within two iterations and reduces the residual to RMS=0.004λ（λ=632.8 nm）. The proposed method provides an efficient and reliable solution for batch interferometric testing of high-order aspheric surfaces.关键词：aspheric testing;sensitivity matrix;weighted least-squares;automatic alignment11|2|0更新时间：2026-05-11
Modern Applied Optics
- 摘要：To address limitations in kinematic modeling for 6-DoF pose estimation of complex articulated objects， a joint-aware decoupled pose estimation framework is proposed. A decoupled modeling strategy is adopted， in which rotation and translation are regressed through independent branches， thereby reducing error coupling. An attention-guided multimodal feature fusion mechanism is developed to capture the relationships between image semantics and point cloud geometry， enhancing robustness under occlusion. An adaptive weighting scheme is further introduced to balance multiple loss terms during training. In addition， a lightweight module is designed to predict part-level articulation parameters.Experimental results on the ArtImage dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an inference speed of up to 20 ms per frame without requiring external optimization. For complex objects such as drawers， the rotation error remains stable at 1.6°， while the 3D IoU for the glasses category improves by approximately 28%. The method consistently outperforms baseline approaches across most categories and evaluation metrics. The proposed framework enables unified estimation from the base pose to articulated parts， improving both pose accuracy and inference efficiency while preserving physical consistency.关键词：complex articulated objects;6-DoF pose estimation;joint-aware decoupling;cross-modal fusion;adaptive weighting18|2|0更新时间：2026-05-11
- 摘要：A temperature-dependent equivalent thermophysical property model was first developed. It was based on constituent volume-fraction mixing and the Voigt-Reuss-Hill scheme. Then， a transient heat-transfer model was established. It considered Gaussian spatial distribution， multi-pulse temporal modulation， and scanning dwell behavior. Two computational cases were defined. They described peak temperature rise and heat accumulation， respectively. An Arrhenius-integral-based removal criterion was further introduced. A two-stage calibration strategy was adopted. It combined low-power kinetic anchoring with high-power correction. This strategy was used to predict ablation dimensions. Experimental validation was performed under two representative conditions， namely 1-pass and 7-pass ablation.The PcBN surface temperature showed a periodic response. Rapid heating and slow cooling were observed. Clear inter-pulse heat accumulation was found. After high-temperature physical correction， the model suppressed the non-physical overestimation of surface peak temperature at high power. The R² values of depth prediction were 0.906 and 0.708 for single-pass and seven-pass ablation， respectively. The model also described the variation trend of cross-sectional area well. Cross-sectional SEM results showed a more obvious remelted and redeposited layer near the groove surface at high power. A more pronounced heat-affected zone was also observed. These features were important sources of the measured width deviation.The proposed model can describe the transient thermal response and material removal behavior during multi-pulse nanosecond laser ablation of PcBN. It provides a theoretical basis for thermal-effect analysis and process optimization in PcBN laser machining.A coupled model was established for transient heat transfer and material removal in polycrystalline cubic boron nitride （PcBN）. It addresses rapid transient heating， strong heat accumulation， and difficult prediction of ablation dimensions during multi-pulse nanosecond laser ablation.关键词：nanosecond laser ablation;polycrystalline cubic boron nitride;transient heat transfer;arrhenius integral20|1|0更新时间：2026-05-11
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Coupling error modeling and correction of angular and translational stages in fiber coupling systems AI导读
摘要：Angle–displacement coupling errors introduced by angular stages during adjustment remain a critical issue in precision single-mode fiber coupling systems， leading to fluctuations in coupling efficiency and reduced stability. To address this problem， modeling and decoupling compensation of angle–displacement coupling errors are investigated. The analysis is based on mode field overlap theory between a Gaussian beam and the fundamental mode of a single-mode fiber. ZEMAX simulations are employed to examine the combined effects of angular tilt and lateral misalignment on coupling efficiency. A high-precision calibration platform for angle–displacement characterization is established to acquire coupling error data. An error model of the angular stage is constructed by integrating the Total Least Squares method with a Genetic Algorithm， enabling accurate characterization of the coupling relationship between angular motion and equivalent lateral displacement. The model is subsequently incorporated into the automatic fiber coupling process， where the lateral displacement induced by angular adjustment is decoupled and compensated in real time. Experimental results demonstrate that， compared with the uncompensated case， the proposed method reduces the average alignment time by approximately 71% and increases the average coupling efficiency by about 22%. The method effectively suppresses angle-displacement coupling errors introduced by the angular stage， thereby enhancing both stability and efficiency. This approach provides a practical and robust solution for high-precision optical alignment systems in which multi-axis coupling effects are significant.关键词：angle-displacement stage;coupling error;total least squares;genetic algorithm;decoupling compensation;fiber coupling efficiency15|2|0更新时间：2026-05-11
Micro\/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
- 摘要：Rapid and accurate prediction of the phase spectral response of meta-units is essential for the inverse design of metalenses. Conventional electromagnetic simulation methods are computationally intensive and inefficient， making them inadequate for the intelligent design of metasurface devices. To address this limitation， a convolutional neural network incorporating an efficient channel attention mechanism （ECANet） is proposed for forward prediction of the phase spectrum of pixelated meta-atom structures. Training and validation on a simulated dataset demonstrate that the mean absolute error of phase prediction within the design bandwidth is below 0.06 rad.The trained ECANet is further integrated into a particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm to establish an efficient inverse design framework for achromatic metalenses. Simulation results indicate that the designed metalens achieves a focal length variation of less than 2% across the operating bandwidth， demonstrating excellent achromatic focusing performance. By replacing conventional finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） simulations with rapid phase predictions from ECANet， the proposed framework improves computational efficiency by approximately two orders of magnitude while maintaining design accuracy.This work presents a novel and efficient approach for the intelligent design of pixelated metasurface devices in the visible regime， with significant potential for applications in integrated optics， micro-imaging systems， and related fields.关键词：deep learning;achromatic metalens;inverse design;particle swarm optimization algorithm29|3|0更新时间：2026-05-11
- 摘要：The visual architecture Mamba， built on selective state-space models， enables long-range dependencies to be modeled with linear complexity through selective scanning and state updating， providing a promising approach for balancing global representation learning and computational efficiency in remote sensing image super-resolution. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical foundations and methodological framework of Mamba-based super-resolution， summarizes representative studies， and categorizes them into four major directions： frequency-domain modeling and spectral enhancement， structural fusion and attention enhancement， cross-modal and multi-source modeling， and lightweight design with re-parameterization. Under a unified synthetic degradation evaluation protocol， representative methods are comparatively analyzed in terms of reconstruction performance， perceptual quality， and applicability on benchmark datasets， including AID， DIOR， and UCAS_AOD. The results demonstrate that Mamba-based methods exhibit substantial potential for preserving structural continuity， restoring geometric consistency， and suppressing pseudo-textures， while achieving competitive reconstruction performance across multiple datasets. Finally， key challenges and future trends， including real-world degradations， cross-domain generalization， and reproducible benchmarks， are discussed， providing valuable references for future research and practical deployment.关键词：remote sensing images;super-resolution reconstruction;visual state space models;Mamba;frequency domain enhancement;cross-modal fusion;lightweight35|2|0更新时间：2026-05-11
- 摘要：Non-line-of-sight （NLOS） imaging reconstructs hidden scenes by capturing indirect optical signals reflected from targets occluded by obstacles via intermediate surfaces， and has broad applications in security monitoring， autonomous driving， and related fields. Existing methods often suffer from weak effective signals， strong noise， and limited reconstruction accuracy due to insufficient exploitation of the non-Lambertian reflection characteristics of intermediate surfaces. To address these limitations， a passive NLOS imaging experimental system was constructed using tile intermediate surfaces of different materials， and the NLOS-Passive-TILES-stl10 dataset was established， comprising eight groups and more than 800 000 projected images. An enhanced-reflection improved U-Net architecture （ER-UNET） was proposed for passive NLOS imaging， incorporating a reflection feature extractor， differentiable CLAHE， adaptive instance normalization， and other modules. RGB images are transformed into Y， R-Y， and B-Y channels， with an increased weight assigned to the Y channel. Multi-scale features are extracted through an encoder-decoder structure， and SVD-based low-rank decomposition is performed to enable gradient-aware RGB reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that ER-UNET achieves an average PSNR of 15.14 dB and an SSIM of 0.50 on the NLOS-Passive test set， outperforming NLOS-OT and C-GAN. The proposed method also exhibits strong generalization ability on test data such as faces and icons， providing a promising approach for the practical application of passive NLOS imaging.关键词：NLOS imaging;passive imaging;U-net;NLOS datasets;ceramic tiles;intermediate surfaces;reflection characteristics16|2|0更新时间：2026-05-11
Information Sciences
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