On-orbit rendering observation technology of small celestial bodies

Xing-tan LIU; Cheng-yu ZHANG; Yan-peng WU; Bao-cheng HUA; Fen-zhi WU

doi:10.37188/OPE.20212912.2745

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On-orbit rendering observation technology of small celestial bodies

Modern Applied Optics | 更新时间：2022-01-07

- On-orbit rendering observation technology of small celestial bodies
- Optics and Precision Engineering Vol. 29, Issue 12, Pages: 2745-2753(2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国空间技术研究院北京控制工程研究所，北京 100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.37188/OPE.20212912.2745
  CLC： TP751.2
- Received：06 May 2021，
  
  Revised：28 May 2021，
  
  Published：15 December 2021
- 稿件说明：
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刘兴潭,张成渝,武延鹏等.小天体在轨渲染观测技术[J].光学精密工程,2021,29(12):2745-2753.

LIU Xing-tan,ZHANG Cheng-yu,WU Yan-peng,et al.On-orbit rendering observation technology of small celestial bodies[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2021,29(12):2745-2753.
刘兴潭,张成渝,武延鹏等.小天体在轨渲染观测技术[J].光学精密工程,2021,29(12):2745-2753. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20212912.2745.

LIU Xing-tan,ZHANG Cheng-yu,WU Yan-peng,et al.On-orbit rendering observation technology of small celestial bodies[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2021,29(12):2745-2753. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20212912.2745.

摘要

提出了一种空间光场中小天体在轨序列图像渲染观测方法，综合小天体的表面反射特性、轨道特性与观测需求，提供目标在观测时刻的位姿序列、光照角度和相机特性等参数，生成符合探测器成像特性的物理渲染图像集。完成了三维基准模型的建立、反射特性文件的生成及物理渲染的光线追迹。由渲染图像真实度检验与地形三维建模实验，针对糸川小行星在特定观测时刻与位置的图像进行闭环模拟观测验证。实验结果表明，通过匹配重建模型的二维投影地形图，图像灰度值配准的平均均方根误差为0.178 5，对应小天体地表0.062 8 m左右的海拔高差。该渲染观测方法能够有效服务于小天体地形模型重建与相对导航闭环分析环境的搭建。此外，为满足在轨快速解算需求，提出了归一化光谱与灰度响应的快速转化方法，在精度不变的情况下，解算时间为3.48 s，由数小时缩短至秒级。

Abstract

In-orbit sequence image Rendering Observation Technology（IROT） in space light field is proposed for a set of small celestial bodies. It integrates the surface reflection characteristics， orbital characteristics， and observation needs of small celestial bodies； provides parameters such as position sequence， light angle， and camera characteristics of the target at the observation time； and generates a physical rendering image set that conforms to the imaging characteristics of the detector. First， the methods of 3D reference model establishment， reflection characteristic file generation， physically based rendering， fast conversion method of the normalized spectrum， and gray response are studied. Then， by rendering the image authenticity test and terrain 3D modeling test， the closed-loop simulation observation verification is carried out for the images of Itokawa at a specific observation time and location. Experimental results indicate that by matching the two-dimensional projected topographic map of the reconstruction model， the root mean square of the image grayscale value registration is 0.178 5， corresponding to an elevation difference of approximately 0.062 8 m of the surface of the small celestial body. The rendering observation technology can effectively serve the reconstruction of the terrain model of small celestial bodies and the construction of a terrain relative navigation closed-loop analysis environment. In addition， to meet the needs of on-orbit fast calculation， the fast conversion method of the normalized spectrum and gray response is proposed. The calculation time is significantly reduced from several hours to seconds， while retaining the same accuracy.

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references

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