Femtosecond laser precision machining of fuel injection holes in nickel-based superalloys

WANG Xu; ZHANG Zihao; LI Liqun; HUANG Yichen; LI Fuquan; LIN Xiaochao; YANG Shirui; GUO Peng

doi:10.37188/OPE.20233106.0849

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Femtosecond laser precision machining of fuel injection holes in nickel-based superalloys

Micro\/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics | 更新时间：2026-09-12

- Femtosecond laser precision machining of fuel injection holes in nickel-based superalloys
- Optics and Precision Engineering Vol. 31, Issue 6, Pages: 849-859(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
  2.北京动力机械研究所，北京 100074
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.37188/OPE.20233106.0849
  CLC： TN249
- Received：28 August 2022，
  
  Revised：2022-11-01，
  
  Published：25 March 2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王旭,张子浩,李俐群等.镍基高温合金喷油孔的飞秒激光精密加工[J].光学精密工程,2023,31(06):849-859.

WANG Xu,ZHANG Zihao,LI Liqun,et al.Femtosecond laser precision machining of fuel injection holes in nickel-based superalloys[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2023,31(06):849-859.
王旭,张子浩,李俐群等.镍基高温合金喷油孔的飞秒激光精密加工[J].光学精密工程,2023,31(06):849-859. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20233106.0849.

WANG Xu,ZHANG Zihao,LI Liqun,et al.Femtosecond laser precision machining of fuel injection holes in nickel-based superalloys[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2023,31(06):849-859. DOI： 10.37188/OPE.20233106.0849.

摘要

飞秒激光平面螺旋钻孔策略在灵活性、精度和工艺效率方面具有许多优势，可满足某型号航天发动机供油喷嘴直通孔的加工精度需求。因此，本研究采用飞秒激光平面螺旋钻孔方式，系统研究了激光功率、单层进给量、单层扫描时间、离焦量以及脉冲重复率之间的作用关系及对钻孔质量的影响。结果表明，离焦量对入口孔径的影响最为明显；对出口孔径和锥度影响较大的参数为功率以及进给量；对加工效率影响最大的参数为功率。根据上述影响规律进行调整，本实验成功在厚度为1.5 mm的GH3044板材上制备出孔径为390 μm的通孔，出口入口孔径误差小于0.6 μm、锥度小于0.5°。通过统计不同参数下微孔内壁粗糙度变化规律并以此对参数进行调整，有效地将孔壁粗糙度降低至Sa 0.6μm，满足工艺要求。孔壁形貌分析表明钻孔质量优良，随激光脉冲重复频率增加，孔壁附近组织逐渐粗化，但均无明显重铸层或热影响区，能够实现高精度微孔的相对“冷加工”。本研究为后续追求高雾化效果的异形孔的制备提供了理论依据。

Abstract

Femtosecond laser planar spiral drilling strategies offer several advantages， such as flexibility， precision， and process efficiency， making it possible to achieve high machining accuracy for specific types of aerospace engine oil supply nozzle. Therefore， in this study， we adopted a femtosecond laser helical drilling method and systematically investigated the effects of laser power， single layer feed， single layer scan time， defocusing amount， and pulse repetition rate on the quality of drilling. The defocusing amount has significant influence on the inlet diameter， while power and feed are the parameters affecting the outlet diameter the most； processing efficiency heavily depends on power. Considering these aspects， through-holes with a hole size of 390 μm were successfully prepared on GH3044 sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The errors for inlet-outlet diameters and taper were less than 0.6 μm and 0.5°， respectively. Using the statistical analysis of the variation law of hole wall roughness under different parameters， it was found that the roughness value can be effectively reduced to Sa = 0.6 μm， which exceeds than the process requirement， by simply adjusting parameters. Moreover， the analysis of the hole wall morphology showed that the drilling quality was excellent. By increasing the laser pulse repetition frequency， the microstructure near the hole wall gradually coarsens. However， there is no obvious recast layer or heat-affected zone， which is necessary to realize the relatively “cold” processing for high-precision micro holes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the fabrication of special-shaped micro holes using the high atomization effect.

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