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1.天津大学 精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津 300072
2.中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院,四川 成都 611730
Received:14 November 2022,
Revised:07 December 2022,
Published:25 April 2023
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韩彭威,段发阶,李杰等.基于双目视觉与罗德里格斯旋转的机械臂全工作空间域绝对定位精度提升方法[J].光学精密工程,2023,31(08):1150-1161.
HAN Pengwei,DUAN Fajie,LI Jie,et al.A method for improving absolute positioning accuracy of industrial robot in entire workspace domain based on stereo vision[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2023,31(08):1150-1161.
韩彭威,段发阶,李杰等.基于双目视觉与罗德里格斯旋转的机械臂全工作空间域绝对定位精度提升方法[J].光学精密工程,2023,31(08):1150-1161. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20233108.1150.
HAN Pengwei,DUAN Fajie,LI Jie,et al.A method for improving absolute positioning accuracy of industrial robot in entire workspace domain based on stereo vision[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2023,31(08):1150-1161. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20233108.1150.
机械臂的绝对定位精度较低,目前常采用基于运动回路法的运动学标定来提高机械臂绝对定位精度,但标定空间的大小限制了机器人全工作空间域绝对定位精度。为此,本文提出了一种利用双目视觉及二维棋盘格靶标相融合的机械臂全工作空间域绝对定位精度提升方法。首先,使机械臂单轴转动,利用双目相机记录单轴旋转轨迹,利用罗德里格斯旋转进行空间圆拟合,得到机械臂的旋转轴线,根据D-H法则建立关节坐标系,根据关节坐标系之间的相对位置关系解算出机械臂的运动学参数。其次,通过分析关节实际转角与编码器输出值之间的关系标定关节电机减速比。最后,通过实验对所提方法进行验证,并与多种精度提升方法进行对比。实验结果表明,通过本文方法进行标定后机械臂的绝对定位精度相对标定前提升了67%,在标定空间内外效果一致,可提高机械臂全工作空间域的绝对定位精度。
The absolute positioning accuracy of industrial robots is low. At present, kinematics calibration based on the motion loop method is often used to improve the absolute positioning accuracy of the manipulator. However, the size of the calibration space limits the absolute positioning accuracy of the robot's entire workspace. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to improve the absolute positioning accuracy of the robotic arm in the entire workspace domain using the fusion of stereo vision and two- dimensional checkerboard targets. First, the industrial robot is rotated on a single axis and a stereo camera is used to record the single-axis rotation trajectory. The Rodrigues rotation is then used to perform three-dimensional curve fitting to obtain the rotation axis of the industrial robot. Second, a joint coordinate system is established according to the D-H rule and the kinematic parameters of the industrial robot are calculated according to the relative positional relationship between the joint coordinate systems. Third, the reduction ratio of the joint motor is calibrated by analyzing the relationship between the actual rotation angle of the joint and the output value of the encoder. Finally, the proposed method is verified by experiments and the results are compared with those of other accuracy improvement methods. The experimental results show that the absolute positioning accuracy of the manipulator is improved by 67% after calibration using the method in this study and that the effect is the same inside and outside the calibration space, which can improve the absolute positioning accuracy of the industrial robot in the entire working space domain.
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