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1.中国科学院 国家空间科学中心,北京 101499
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
[ "王新涛(1995-),男,山东青岛人,博士研究生,2017年于北方工业大学获得学士学位,主要研究方向为小行星监测预警、轨道确定和卫星轨道动力学。E-mail:wangxintao17@mails.ucas.ac.cn" ]
[ "李明涛(1982-),男,河南商丘人,研究员,博士生导师,2005年于西北工业大学获学士学位,2010年于中国科学院研究生院获博士学位,现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员,主要从事航天动力学与控制、行星防御与利用方面的研究。E-mail:limingtao@nssc.ac.cn" ]
收稿日期:2021-04-29,
修回日期:2021-05-28,
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王新涛,郑建华,李明涛.小行星天基光学监测信噪比分析[J].光学精密工程,
WANG Xin-tao,ZHENG Jian-hua,LI Ming-tao.Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio for space-based optical surveillance of asteroid[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,
王新涛,郑建华,李明涛.小行星天基光学监测信噪比分析[J].光学精密工程, DOI:10.37188/OPE.XXXXXXXX.0001
WANG Xin-tao,ZHENG Jian-hua,LI Ming-tao.Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio for space-based optical surveillance of asteroid[J].Optics and Precision Engineering, DOI:10.37188/OPE.XXXXXXXX.0001
针对小行星天基光学监测中的可见性问题,本文基于辐射度传输理论,引入黄道光和银道光亮度模型,建立了小行星天基光学监测的信噪比模型。结合设计的可见光传感器和望远镜性能参数,计算了目标小行星相对望远镜的信噪比和视星等随时间的变化;考虑极限信噪比和太阳规避角,计算了地球领航轨道可见光望远镜对不同直径小行星的极限监测距离;改变小行星的物理参数,研究了信噪比和视星等对小行星物理参数的敏感性。结果表明:目标小行星在给定的场景时间内相对望远镜距离增大了约0.09AU,视星等增大了约0.51星等,目标小行星在口径为0.7 m的望远镜中信噪比减小了约3.78;由于观测天区覆盖地球周围0.05AU的空间,在地球领航轨道部署可见光望远镜预警来自太阳方向的小行星具有得天独厚的优势,能为直径20 m的小行星提供750万公里的预警距离;在可见光波段,小行星的信噪比和视星等对反照率敏感,对温度和发射率不敏感。本文建立的小行星天基光学监测信噪比模型可为小行星天基光学监测的信噪比动态分析和预警距离评估提供理论依据。
Aiming at the problem of asteroid’s visibility in space-based optical surveillance, based on radiative transfer theory, the brightness model in zodiacal and galactic light were introduced, and then a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) model for space-based asteroid surveillance was established in this paper. Combining the designed visible sensor and telescope performance parameters, SNR and apparent magnitude of the target asteroid relative to the telescope over time were simulated; considering the minimum SNR and the solar avoidance angle, maximum surveillance distance of the visible telescope deployed on Earth-leading heliocentric orbit for asteroids of different diameters was calculated; changing the physical parameters of asteroids, the sensitivity of SNR and apparent magnitude to physical parameters of asteroids was studied. The results show that: the distance of the asteroid relative to the telescope increased by about 0.09AU, the apparent magnitude of the asteroid increased by about 0.51, and the SNR of the asteroid relative to the telescope with an aperture of 0.7m decreased by about 3.78 during the period of scenario; with a good coverage of the vicinity around the Earth with a radius of 0.05AU, there is a unique advantage for visible telescope deployed on Earth-leading heliocentric orbit to warn asteroids approaching from the sunward direction, it can provide an early warning distance of 7.5 million kilometers for asteroids with a diameter of 20 meters; in the visible light band, the SNR and apparent magnitude of asteroids are sensitive to the visual albedo, but not to the temperature and visual emissivity. The model established in this paper provides theoretical basis for the dynamic analysis of the SNR and the assessment of early warning distance for space-based optical surveillance of asteroid.
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