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1.广东工业大学 自动化学院,广东 广州 510006
2.广东省机械技师学院 机电工程系,广东 广州 510450
3.华南农业大学 工程学院,广东 广州 510642
4.国网江西省电力有限公司 上饶供电分公司,江西 上饶 334000
[ "钟映春(1973-),男,江西上饶人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,2003年于广东工业大学获得博士学位,主要从事无人机自动驾驶,模式识别与图像理解方向的研究。E-mail: gdut_zyc@qq.com" ]
[ "张文祥(1996-),男,云南曲靖人,硕士研究生,2019年于昆明理工大学获得学士学位,主要从事无人机控制与应用方向的研究。E-mail: 1637707626@qq.com" ]
收稿日期:2021-11-26,
修回日期:2022-01-20,
纸质出版日期:2022-06-10
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钟映春,张文祥,王波等.电力巡检无人机自主降落的引导系统与策略[J].光学精密工程,2022,30(11):1362-1373.
ZHONG Yingchun,ZHANG Wenxiang,WANG Bo,et al.Navigation system and strategies for electric inspecting UAV autonomously landing[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2022,30(11):1362-1373.
钟映春,张文祥,王波等.电力巡检无人机自主降落的引导系统与策略[J].光学精密工程,2022,30(11):1362-1373. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20223011.1362.
ZHONG Yingchun,ZHANG Wenxiang,WANG Bo,et al.Navigation system and strategies for electric inspecting UAV autonomously landing[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2022,30(11):1362-1373. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20223011.1362.
针对电力巡检无人机在野外弱光照环境下难以实现全自主、准确、安全可靠降落到分布式机场停机坪的问题,构建了完整的降落引导实物系统,提出了降落策略选择依据和较为体系化的降落策略。构建了融合巡检无人机、超带宽定位地面基站群、分布式机场的实物降落引导系统,在开源飞行控制系统的基础上,增加了降落专用飞行控制器,设计了适合于无人机降落的速度控制器和算法,并提出了降落策略选择依据和适应于不同现场情况的降落策略。实验结果表明:降落误差为0.3 m以内的可靠度为100%;在有1~2个地面基站故障的情况下,也能引导无人机安全、准确地降落;每种降落策略各具优势,可适应不同的降落环境。本文设计的降落引导系统能够满足引导巡检无人机自主降落的要求,提出的降落策略显著提高了降落的可靠度,为构建局部区域内电网巡检的全自主无人机系统奠定了基础。
The electrical inspection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during their autonomous landing at distributed airports is difficult, particularly when the landing cannot be performed accurately, safely, and reliably owing to unsatisfactory light conditions. In this study, a touch-down navigation system for inspecting UAVs was developed. A set of systematic strategies for landing UAVs at distributed airports was proposed, as well as a novel criterion for selecting the landing strategy. First, a touch-down navigation system was established, which included an inspecting UAV, as well as ultrawide band (UWB) positioning modules on the ground and at distributed airports. Second, based on an open-source flight control system, an exclusive landing flight controller was designed and embedded into the UAV, and a novel speed controller and algorithm for landing were designed. Third, an evaluating criterion for the landing strategy was proposed, and systematic landing strategies were proposed to accommodate challenging circumstances. Experimental results indicate the following: The landing error is within 0.3 m, and the reliability is 100%; the touch-down navigation system can guide the UAV to land safely and accurately when one or two UWB modules on the ground are disabled; each landing strategy presents its own advantages and can accommodate different landing circumstances. The touch-down navigation system can satisfy the requirements of UAVs for autonomous landing, and the proposed landing strategies significantly improve the landing reliability, thus providing a foundation for the construction of autonomous UAV systems intended for power grid inspection.
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