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1.中国科学院 空间应用工程与技术中心 太空应用重点实验室,北京 100094
2.中国科学院 空天信息创新研究院 计算光学成像技术实验室,北京 100094
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100094
[ "马 瑞(1998-),女,河南开封人,研究助理,2020年于北京科技大学获得学士学位,主要研究方向为精密测量。E-mail: marui20@csu.ac.cn" ]
[ "李 楠(1980-),男,北京人,博士,高级工程师,2003年于北京航空航天大学获得学士学位,2006年于中科院国家空间科学中心获得硕士学位,2019年于中科院空间应用工程与技术中心获得博士学位,主要从事基于激光干涉的微重力及绝对重力测量技术等方面的研究。E-mail: linan@csu.ac.cn" ]
收稿日期:2022-11-26,
修回日期:2022-12-30,
纸质出版日期:2023-06-10
移动端阅览
马瑞,李楠,何建国等.多自由度激光干涉空间惯性质量块位姿测量[J].光学精密工程,2023,31(11):1593-1606.
MA Rui,LI Nan,HE Jianguo,et al.Multi-degree-of-freedom measurement for space inertial test mass via laser interference[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2023,31(11):1593-1606.
马瑞,李楠,何建国等.多自由度激光干涉空间惯性质量块位姿测量[J].光学精密工程,2023,31(11):1593-1606. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20233111.1593.
MA Rui,LI Nan,HE Jianguo,et al.Multi-degree-of-freedom measurement for space inertial test mass via laser interference[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2023,31(11):1593-1606. DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20233111.1593.
鉴于通过测量高精度的位移数据可以获得高精度的微重力加速度数据,进而服务于多种空间科学载荷的研究任务,提出了一种基于三组正交对称角锥棱镜的双频光路,利用外差干涉测量技术实现空间惯性质量块的六自由度位移和角度测量的方法。通过光路矢量分析建立了实际角锥棱镜的光路模型,考虑质量块在运动过程中带来的附加光程差,推导了各测量光路的光程变化与质量块六自由度位姿的函数关系。为了克服小角度近似法精度不高的缺陷,提出了利用数值计算法解耦姿态角进而获得相对位移的位姿解算算法。利用空间在轨位姿数据和随机位姿数据进行系统仿真。仿真结果表明:数值计算的位移误差小于0.02 fm,且该方法的计算误差不会随着飞行器振动的增大而变大,算法具有更高的精度和更好的适应性。最后,分析了系统的误差来源,在保证角度安装误差小于5 mrad、距离安装误差小于10 μm且平行度小于2 mrad时,系统的姿态角测量误差小于0.017°,位移测量误差小于10 nm。本文提出的六自由度测量及解算方法也可以服务于其他精密加工与检测领域。
High-precision displacement measurement can help realize high-precision microgravity, which can further sever a variety of space science payloads for research missions. In this study, we devised a dual-frequency interferometer based on three sets of orthogonal symmetric cube corner retroreflectors (CCRs) for measuring the six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) pose of the spatial inertial test mass (TM) through heterodyne detection. We first established an optical model of the actual CCR, which considers the optical path difference caused by the motion of the TM, and derived the analytical relationship between the pose of the TM and the measured optical path change. Then, the attitude angles and displacements of the TM were calculated using the method of numerical analysis, which affords remarkably higher accuracy than does the traditional small-angle approximation method. Furthermore, the performance of our system was estimated using space in-orbit data and random data. The simulation results show that the displacement error was less than 0.02 fm even when the TM vibrated significantly, indicating that our method affords high accuracy and good adaptability. In addition, the error sources of the system were analyzed. The measurement errors for the attitude angle and displacement are less than 0.017° and 10 nm, respectively, when the angular installation error is below 5 mrad, the distance installation error is less than 10 μm, and the parallelism is less than 2 mrad. The proposed 6DOF measurement and calculation method can also be used in various precision machining and detection applications.
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