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Issue 4 ， 2017
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Fabrication of large aspheric mirror using multi-mode polishing based on error separation
Abstract：In order to improve material removal efficiency and error map convergence efficiency of large aspheric mirror, a multi-mode technique was introduced based on the separation of high and low order errors. First, the effect of tool size on period of surface error was analyzed. Then the convergence efficiency and dwell time between small and big polishing heads were compared. According to the error features during the fabrication process of large aspheric mirror, the surface error map was divided to low-order a Keywords：optical fabrication;error separation;multi-mode polishing;low order error;high order error- 131
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Fiber interferometer based on phase generated carrier method
Abstract：In order to realize compact and flexible wide-range displacement measurement, a fiber interferometer with the Phase Generated Carrier (PGC) method was proposed. First, the PGC method was detailed. The analysis on the internal and external modulations revealed the limitation of internal modulation and indicated that the external modulation was more suitable for wide-range displacement measurement. Then, two existing displacement calculation algorithms were analyzed by mathematical deduction and MATLAB simula Keywords：fiber interferometer;Phase Generated Carrier (PGC);phase modulation;displacement calculation;arc-tangent method- 96
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Microwave photonic down-conversion method using intensity-phase cascaded modulation
Abstract：In order to optimize the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of microwave photonic frequency down-conversion, a microwave photonic down-conversion method based on intensity and phase cascaded modulation was proposed and verified by using a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with feedback control module and a phase modulator (PM). The principle of frequency down-conversion and influence of power of local oscillator on system performance were derived theoretically and analyzed in simulation. The MZM-PM cascade micro Keywords：microwave photonics;frequency down-conversion;gain;spurious-free dynamic range- 141
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Phase singularities of Gaussian vortex beams through an astigmatic lens
Abstract：The research of phase singularity in light fields is significant in singular optics. Herein, the expressions of field distribution and phase singularity distribution for Gaussian vortex beams through an astigmatic lens were derived based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral formula, in order to study phase singularities at geometrical focal plane. The results show that the phase singularities that appear at the geometrical focal plane when Gaussian vortex beams pass through an astigmatic Keywords：singular optics;Gaussian vortex beams;astigmatic lens;phase singularity- 157
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Precipitation micro-physical characteristics sensor based on double-pulse in single frame imaging
Abstract：In order to realize synchronize measurement of size, shape, fall velocity and other micro-physical characteristics of precipitation particles, an imaging method based on the double exposures in one frame was proposed, and a Precipitation Micro-physical Characteristics Sensor (PMCS) was established. The PMCS prototype consisted of pulse light source, planar array image sensor, signal processing and control unit with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) as the core and data processing unit. Then an image restorat Keywords：precipitation particle;micro-physical feature;synchronize measurement;double exposures in one frame;array image sensor- 82
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Microstructure and optical characteristics of nanocrystalline silicon oxide film in phase transformation zone
Abstract：A series of nc-SiOx:H films were prepared by Very High Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (VHF-PECVD), for the properties study of nanocrystalline silicon oxide films in silicon heterojunction solar cells. The microstructure, bonding configuration, band characteristics and photoluminescence properties of the films were characterized by Raman scattering spectra (Raman), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), UV-VIs transmission spectra and steady/transient state photoluminescence spectra Keywords：nc-SiOxfilm;phase transformation zone;microstructure;photoluminescence (PL);quantum confinement effect- 90
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Five MN force sensor based on fiber Bragg grating
Abstract：In view of the increasing demand for strong force value monitoring in landslide, a 5 MN force sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) was proposed. The sensor adopted 8 FBGs to compose 4 group of grating pair for cylindrical elastic strain collection. The grating pair can effectively compensate the effect of temperature on the size of FBG. The dimension of the cylindrical elastomer was determined and optimized via ANSYS numerical simulation. Then the force sensor was tested according to the national regul Keywords：fiber optics;force sensor;fiber Bragg grating (FBG);elastomer;health monitoring- 75
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Optical design of PG imaging spectrometer with large aperture and surface field
Abstract：As linear field imaging by slit led to small aperture and low optical transmittance in imaging spectrometers, a large aperture imaging spectrometer based on prism-grating (PG) component was proposed. The PG imaging spectrometer employed a surface-relief type grating which can reduce the cost and fabrication difficulty of gratings. Although the large aperture imaging spectrometer had higher optical efficiency and time efficiency, the color aberrations and spectral line curvature were difficult to correct. Th Keywords：imaging spectrometer;large aperture;surface field;spectral line curvature;color aberration- 114
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Design of adjustable dispersive objective lens for chromatic confocal system
Abstract：Aiming at the adjustment of measuring range and resolution in Chromatic Confocal Microscopy (CCM), a dispersive objective for chromatic confocal system was designed, which can realize chromatic dispersion and focusing function separately. The chromatic dispersion was achieved through a dispersion tube lens, which was composed of pure spherical refraction lens. The focusing function was accomplished by a commercial objective lens. The structure, material and aberrations of the dispersive tube lens were desig Keywords：surface topography detection;chromatic confocal;dispersive objective;axial dispersion;axial resolution- 102
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Spectral analysis and optimization of time-resolved oil fluorescence based on PCA
Abstract：Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique can be widely used in oil pollution monitoring. However, ordinary oil fluorescence spectra can only achieve cursory oil classification, which was disabled to distinguish crude and fuel oils. Herein, time-resolved fluorescence spectra classification method based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was investigated and employed to analyze the spectral features of 20 kinds of oils, of which the fluorescence lifetimes and the spectral timing characteristics were obta Keywords：time-resolved fluorescence spectrum;classification of oil fluorescence;Principal Component Analysis (PCA);fluorescence lifetime- 70
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Published：2020-07-07 -
High precision calibration of vision measurement system in large FOV based on virtual 3D target
Abstract：In order to achieve high-precision calibration of camera with large Field of View (FOV), a stereo calibration method based on error tracing thought was proposed, which can overcome the manufacture limitation of targets with large size and high-accuracy in practice. The main factors affecting accuracy of stereo-vision system were analyzed and the error track chain of vision system was listed, which can explain the accuracy bottleneck in vision system with large FOV. Then, laser tracker was adopted to calcula Keywords：stereo vision measurement;error tracing;virtual stereo target;large Field of View (FOV);camera calibration- 138
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Published：2020-07-07
Modern Applied Optics
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Application of structural filter to principal axis system of telescope
Abstract：To improve the closed-loop bandwidth and dynamic performance of control system in a telescope, the effect of structural filters on the closed-loop performance of the control system was researched. According to the spring-mass model of mechanical tracking frame for the telescope, the transfer function of the system was deduced and the relation between the rotational inertias for electrical machines and loads and the resonant frequencies was analyzed. Then, a structural filter was designed based on frequency Keywords：telescope;structural filter;spring-mass model;resonant frequency;closed-loop bandwidth- 72
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- 6
Published：2020-07-07 -
Surge detection of magnetically suspended high-speed centrifugal blower
Abstract：For the surge problem existing in a magnetically suspended high-speed centrifugal blower, a surge detection method based on a magnetic bearing was proposed. A universal co-frequency wave trap was adopted to filter the co-frequency components in the process of rotor displacement for eliminating the influences of co-frequency perturbation on surge detections. By analyzing effects of different convergence factors on estimated functions of surge frequency, an adaptive estimation algorithm with variable converge Keywords：magnetically suspended high-speed centrifugal blower;surge detection;rotor displacement;adaptive estimation- 57
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Design and verification of kinematic system in deploying mechanism for CubeSats
Abstract：To implement the reliable deployment for the CubeSat "star of Aoxiang" on-orbit and to meet the requirements of initial deploying velocity and deploying posture, a kinematic system in deploying mechanism for CubeSats was designed and corresponding experimental verification was performed. A structure scheme of the kinematics system was proposed. It uses a disengaging spring to impulse the CubeSat for opening cabin door and uses a spring pin to lock the door. Firstly, structure parameters of the disengaging s Keywords：CubeSat;deploying mechanism;kinematic coupling system;dynamics;deploying velocity;angular rate- 78
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Design of magnetostrictive pressure sensor and its output characteristics
Abstract：Magnetostrictive characteristics of Galfenol were researched and a new type of magnetostrictive pressure sensor based on the Galfenol was proposed to implement the accurate perception of tactile sensation for robots. The sensor converts a pressure signal into a voltage signal based on magnetostrictive inverse effect to implement the accurate measurement of the pressure. The magnetostrictive pressure sensor was designed and fabricated, and the magnetic field of pressure sensor was optimized by a magnetic cir Keywords：pressure sensor;tactile sensation;Galfenol;magnetostrictive inverse effect- 103
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Feature extraction of acoustic emission signal for diamond scratching of optical glass BK7
Abstract：By focusing on the diamond scratching of BK7 optical glass, the Acoustic Emission (AE) mechanism in the brittle removal of optical brittle materials was analyzed and a feature extraction technique of AE signals used in processing and monitoring of optical brittle materials was studied. Various cutting depth test results show that features of brittle removal for optical glass BK7 mainly focus on two frequency bands that are[100, 200] kHz and[300, 400] kHz, and they correspond to different AE mechanisms. In w Keywords：BK7 glass;diamond scratching;Acoustic Emission signal (AE);feature extraction;status monitoring- 87
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Measurement of abrasive particles by three-phase swirling polishing and its microbubble compensation
Abstract：The polishing mechanisms and rules of a gas-liquid-solid three-phase swirling flow field were explored. A polishing flow channel with three entrances was designed and the numerical simulation for the gas-liquid-solid three-phase swirling flow field was carried out. Then, a measuring table for the gas-liquid-solid three-phase swirling flow field was designed. The parameters of gas-liquid-solid three-phase swirling flow field were measured by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) under the condition of microbu Keywords：three-phase swirling polishing;cavitation impact;microbubble compensation;abrasive particle movement;Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)- 84
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Liquid distribution of tubular piezoelectric print head
Abstract：A calculation model of droplet ejection process for tubular piezoelectric print heads was established according to its structural parameters. Appropriate boundary conditions were chosen based on driving characteristics of the print head. Then, the calculation principles of simulation software on free surface flow problem were introduced. By taking the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water as an example, the droplet formation processes were simulated. Pictures of droplets at different moments were obta Keywords：printed electronics;ink-jet printing;piezoelectric print head;liquid distribution;droplet breakup- 115
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- 12
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- 2
Published：2020-07-07 -
Ductile grinding of MgAl2O4 spinel
Abstract：To avoid and reduce the subsurface damage generated in grinding process of MgAl2O4 spinel, a ductile grinding method of MgAl2O4 spinel by reasonably controlling grinding parameters was proposed. The brittle-ductile transition mechanism for the MgAl2O4 spinel was analyzed, and a lots of experiments were performed by using abrasive particles of diamond wheel with different dimensions and changing the load of grinding wheel and other parameters. The ductile grinding conditions and effect factors of the MgAl2O4 Keywords：MgAl2O4spinel;ductile grinding;diamond wheel;surface roughness- 129
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Analysis and prediction of multi-pass snake hot rolling for 7075 aluminum alloy thick plate
Abstract：The effects of process parameters in a snake hot rolling on the deformation and residual stress distribution of an aluminum alloy thick plate were explored. On the basis of the bite conditions of snake rolling, constitutive model, boundary conditions and other critical technologies, a finite element model of single-pass snake rolling for the aluminum alloy thick plate was established. The simulation results were compared with that of corresponding literatures, and it shows that the relative error is no more Keywords：multi-pass snake rolling;aluminum alloy thick plate;pass reduction;equivalent strain;shear strain- 138
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Design of hold-down and release mechanism for solar panel of micro-satellite
Abstract：To achieve the hold-down and release for a solar panel of micro-satellites, a small-scale fuse holding-down and release mechanism was developed. Firstly, the hold-down mechanism for measuring pretightening force was designed to acquire the twice relationship between torque and pretightening force and a determination method of pretightening force was given. Then, according to the features of rope, the unlocked mechanism with resistance regulatory function was designed to improve the adaptive capacity of powe Keywords：micro-satellite;solar panel;hold-down and release mechanism;pretightening force- 77
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Optimization of transfer orbit for multiple-pulse noncoplanar rendezvous and docking
Abstract：For the transferring and planning problem on a noncoplanar non-circular orbit in rendezvous and docking of three-dimensional space, an optimization algorithm for transfer orbit of energy optimization of multiple-pulse noncoplanar rendezvous and docking was proposed based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The two-body correlation dynamic equation and pulse orbit theory were used to construct the optimization model for multiple-pulse noncoplanar rendezvous and docking in space. Then, Lambert algorithm was Keywords：rendezvous and docking;noncoplanar orbits;multiple-impulse transfer;particle swarm optimization;trajectory optimization- 85
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Micro-displacement amplifier based on quasi-V-shaped flexure hinge
Abstract：A micro-displacement flexure amplifier was designed based on a high accuracy quasi-V-shaped flexure hinge to reduce its parasitic motion and to improve its dynamics performance. The performance of the quasi-V-shaped flexure hinge was compared with that of a common high accuracy right circular flexure hinge. In consideration of the central offset during the rotation of flexure hinge, the amplification ratios of secondary-lever micro-displacement mechanisms based on the quasi-V-shaped flexure hinge and the ri Keywords：displacement amplification mechanism;quasi-V-shaped flexure hinge;right circular flexure hinge;parasitic motion;inherent frequency- 97
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- 5
Published：2020-07-07
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
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Adaptive and fast blind pixel correction of IRFPA
Abstract：A fast blind pixel correction method based on three-gradient threshold detection was designed in this paper, to achieve adaptive and fast blind pixel correction of the Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA). First, a constraint equation through optimization of L0 paradigm was used to eliminate the interference of non-uniform stripe; then gradient threshold detection was respectively conducted in the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions to find out the position of the blind pixel, thus through a point-to Keywords：Blind pixel;IRFPA;three-gradient threshold detection;local median filter- 114
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Published：2020-07-07 -
A space-based infrared detection scene generation system for moving objects with sea background
Abstract：Revolving around the detection requirements for moving targets such as aircraft and sea surface ships under the sea background, a research was conducted in space position and motion characteristics of the target and load, thus a space-based detection scene model was established; then, the sea surface fluctuation was calculated through the Pierson-Moskowitz model to achieve modeling and simulation of sea radiance outside the atmospheric layer; finally, three-dimensional geometrical model of multiple targets Keywords：Infrared;space-based detection;ocean surface;moving targets;scene generation- 81
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Auto exposure control for high frame rate camera using image histogram feature function
Abstract：In this paper, a method for auto exposure based on image HF (Histogram Feature) function was proposed to achieve auto exposure control on high-speed camera under the condition where the background lumination was in fast speed and wide-range changes. First, multi-point photometry was conducted to extract the Regions Of Interest (ROI), thus lowering calculation amount of the photometric system; then, large step size was selected to carry out coarse adjustment of the exposure time by calculating HF function of Keywords：Histogram feature;high-speed camera;region of interests;auto exposure- 99
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- 4
Published：2020-07-07 -
Closed-loop detection and pose optimization of non-cooperation rotating targets
Abstract：To achieve on-orbit service or off-orbit elimination of non-cooperation targets such as failed satellites and space debris, especially the rotating targets, it is required to carry out accurate measurement of relative pose between the tracking spacecraft and the target. When the target rotates for a round, closed-loop detection and pose optimization in the revisit region serve as a significant guarantee for lowering the accumulative error and improving the measurement accuracy. First, establishment of the b Keywords：Non-Cooperation;rotating targets;bag of visual words;closed-loop detection;pose optimization- 125
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Published：2020-07-07 -
3D scanning and reconstruction of large objects based on PLC
Abstract：An innovative and practical 3D reconstruction system was proposed to obtain 3D data of large objects, and the system composition, theory and method were researched. The system is composed by an infrared-based 3D scanner and two guide rails and a high-accuracy motion control system based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) module. First, the 3D scanner installed in the guide rail was controlled by the motion control system to move at a constant speed; then, the 3D scanner was used to project infrared ray Keywords：Large;scanning;3D reconstruction;measurement- 77
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Compressive tracking algorithm combining online feature selection with covariance matrix
Abstract：To improve robustness and accuracy of original compressive tracking algorithm in complex scenes, improvement measures were carried out from three aspects in this paper. First, a compressive tracking algorithm combining with online feature selection was introduced, then the confidence level of the feature was measured by calculating Hellinger distance in the Gaussian distribution curve to which the same dimensional features of two adjacent frames.By selecting the feature with higher confidence level from the Keywords：Compressive tracking;online feature selection;covariance matrix;classifier;adaptive updating- 65
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Human pose estimation based on configuration constraints and trajectory optimization
Abstract：Because of ignoring the configuration constraints between symmetric body parts, the human pose estimation methods based on mixtures of parts may lead to a repetitive detection of symmetrical body parts and a low pose estimation accuracy. Therefore, a kind of new pose estimation method on the basis of pose constraint and trajectory optimization was put forward. Firstly, numerous reasonable locations of single part and symmetric parts of human in single-frame image should be estimated, and identification part Keywords：Human pose estimation;mixed parts model;pose constraint;optimal trajectory- 91
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Gray scale transformation combining false edges detection with histogram analysis
Abstract：As optical carving character image foreground often consists of high gray-scale pixel region and low gray-scale pixel region, it is impossible to gain character profile correctly with traditional edge extraction method on the basis of gradient, such as Canny operator, and therefore, a kind of image gray-scale transformation method combining false edge information and histogram analysis was introduced. The image foreground after transformation consists of low gray-scale pixel merely. Firstly, feature of Cann Keywords：Carving character;histogram analysis;feature extraction;gray-scale transformation- 110
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Height difference detection of barrel rifling based on structured light
Abstract：In view of correct quantization of geometrical characteristic parameters on barrel's inner surface has always been one of difficult points for barrel defect detection and life forecast, and height difference of barrel rifling is one of the most important geometric parameters, this paper performed quantitative determination to height difference of barrel rifling by relying on the structured light three-dimensional detection means and adopting laser triangulation method. Firstly, certain structured raster was Keywords：Barrel rifling;demarcated cylinder;structured light;edge segmentation;conversion ratio- 82
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Robust estimation method for dense disparity of binocular vision under textureless environment
Abstract：Precise dense disparity estimation is the key for stereo visual system to recover three-dimensional information of observation scene. From practical application perspective of stereo vision in robot environment perception, a dense disparity figure estimation algorithm having good robustness, accuracy and processing speed to key influence factors (texturelessness, shadow and blocking etc.) was proposed. Aimed at texturelessness, shadow and uncontinuous, belief propagation algorithm based on gray-scale simila Keywords：Textureless environment;binocular vision;disparity estimation;belief propagation;parameter space voting- 76
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Region segmentation of point cloud data based on improved particle swarm optimization fuzzy clustering
Abstract：To realize region segmentation of point cloud data, a kind of mixed algorithm (SPSO-FCM algorithm) based on improved particle swarm optimization and fuzzy-C means clustering was introduced. Aimed at local minimum easily to be captured untimely in point cloud clustering process, improved particle swarm optimization algorithm-social particle swarm optimization algorithm was used firstly to initialize population in the algorithm. By setting different follow thresholds for each particle, variety of individual i Keywords：Point cloud data;region segmentation;particle swarm optimization algorithm;fuzzy clustering- 141
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Separation of multi-energy X-ray imaging based on sparse processing
Abstract：Independent Component Analysis (ICA) combined with abundant information of multi-energy X-ray images can achieve the imaging separation of overlapping targets in 2D X-ray images, but the increasing number of images and higher pixel requirements may serve as an obstacle for memory occupancy and calculating speed. In this paper, Compressed Sensing (CS) was combined with ICA to achieve the imaging separation and to improve the calculating speed, as well as the imaging separation performance. First, the number Keywords：Compressed sensing;independent component analysis;multi-energy imaging;image reconstruction- 68
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Published：2020-07-07 -
Real-time water wave simulation algorithm by polynomial function
Abstract：Through analyzing the Taylor expansion in trigonometric function, a calculation scheme by using polynomial function was proposed to optimize the Taylor expansion in trigonometric function. By doing that, the real-time performance of water wave simulation in virtual system was improved. Otherwise, the diversity of water wave was obtained through introducing various control parameters in polynomial function. Meanwhile, the surface normal vector calculation method was applied to achieve better results in light interaction between water surface and surrounding environment. The experimental on natural water wave indicates that the water wave movement generated by proposed algorithm is natural and diversification. It also can reduce the computational complexity in some degree (about 13%), which was more suitable for virtual scenes with high real-time requirement.Keywords：Polynomial function;Gerstner wave;Taylor expansion;Trigonometric functions;real-time rendering- 82
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Published：2020-07-07
Information Sciences
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