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Issue 8 ， 2018
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Application of TDLAS technology to multicomponent detection in olefin production process
Abstract：Multicomponent online gas measurement in the production of olefin is an important approach for effective control and improvement of the overall efficiency of the production process. In this study, we took the online measurement of CO and CO2 for an olefin cracking furnace coal cleaning process as the application example. A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) based analyzing platform was developed to facilitate multicomponent measurement. To simulate the reaction process, we designed 0-5% ran Keywords：olefin production;cracking furnace coal cleaning;tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS);multicomponent analysis;multivariate classical least square fitting (CLS);partial least square fitting (PLS)- 122
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Laser heterodyne spectrometer for solar spectrum measurement in the 3.53 μm region
Abstract：Laser heterodyne technology has high spectral resolution characteristics, and it is commonly used for atmospheric measurements, especially in the measurement of total atmospheric transmittance and gas column density inversion. For these reasons, a heterodyne system with a narrow-linewidth 3.53 μm Distributed Feedback Interband Cascade Laser (DFB-ICL) as a local oscillator was designed to measure the absorption spectrum of water vapor and methane in the atmosphere. This system has a spectral resolution of 0. Keywords：laser heterodyne;spectral resolution;signal-to-noise ratio;column density- 130
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- 15
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- 8
Published：2020-08-13 -
Compact mid-infrared trace gas detection system based on TDLAS and ICL
Abstract：Two compact Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor systems were developed based on different structural optical cores. The two optical cores combine two recent developments; gallium antimonide (GaSb)-based ICL and a compact multipass gas cell (MPC), with the aim of developing a compact TDLAS-based sensor for mid-IR gas detection with high detection sensitivity and low power consumption. The two-floor structure sensor was used for methane (CH4) measurements and the single-floor structure Keywords：laser sensors;semiconductor lasers;quantum cascade;spectroscopy;Infrared- 112
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Measurement of low water vapor dew-point temperature based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Abstract：The dew-point temperature is an important parameter of gas. Moreover, there is an urgent need for developing techniques that can facilitate the accurate, rapid, continuous, and direct measurement of low dew point temperatures. In this regard, an approach based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) was developed. Firstly, our TDLAS hygrometer was compared with a chilled mirror hygrometer at Anhui Provincial Meteorological Bureau. Secondly, a free-path measurement apparatus was designed with Keywords：Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy(TDLAS);dew-point temperature;saturated vapor pressure;water vapor- 172
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- 29
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Impact of humidity and SF6 on CO detection based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy
Abstract：A CO sensor system based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy technology was established to study the effect of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and water vapor (H2O) on the relaxation rate of carbon monoxide (CO) gas molecules. A 1.57 μm near-infrared distributed feedback diode laser was used as the light source to compare the photoacoustic signal amplitudes of CO under different concentrations of SF6 and H2O. First, a CO sensor system was used to detect photoacoustic signals from CO in a gas mixture of Keywords：quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy;trace gas;near-infrared laser;relaxation rate- 110
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- 17
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Development of a CO sensor for early fire detection
Abstract：A high-precision, high-sensitivity carbon monoxide (CO) sensor was developed for early fire detection. This sensor relied on a continuous wave distributed feedback (DFB) laser emitting at a wavelength of approximately 2.33 μm as an excitation source. A 2f/1f Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) strategy was adopted to isolate complex, overlapping spectral absorption features associated with ambient pressure and to achieve excellent specificity and high detection sensitivity. Allan-Werle deviation analysis was used to evaluate the long-term performance of the CO sensor system. A Limit of Detection (LoD) of 1.18 parts per million by volume (μL/L) was achieved with a measurement precision of 0.08 μL/L for an optimal integration time of~205 s. The early fire detection of paper, cotton, and pine wood was conducted in the field, which verified the reliable and robust operation of the developed sensor.Keywords：fire detection;carbon monoxide;Distribution Feedback (DFB) laser;Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS)- 116
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- 16
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- 6
Published：2020-08-13 -
Differential absorption lidar combined with numerical model used for detecting distribution of ozone during summer in Hangzhou
Abstract：An ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) was used to carry out observations of the spatial and temporal distribution of summer ozone concentrations in Hangzhou, China, and to study how they are influenced by meteorological elements. The WRF-Chem model was used to simulate the characteristics of the ozone distribution, and for the analysis of meteorological factors. The simulated values for ozone concentration were in good agreement with the observed values obtained using the DIAL. In the summer of 2016 Keywords：differential absorption lidar;ozone;WRF-Chem;meteorological factors;transmission- 89
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- 20
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Measurement of flow flux for scramjet isolator inflow based on absorption spectroscopy
Abstract：To realize online inflow mass flux validation during ground testing of a direct-connect scramjet facility, an absorption-spectroscopy-based system was developed and tested. First, a mass flux calculation method based on temperature and flow velocity measurements in the isolator section was presented. Taking into account environmental adaptability in vehicle testing and the system's long-term stability, miniaturized system and optomechanical design strategies were presented. Then, key algorithms, such as relative wavelength calibration, flow temperature, and velocity retrieval were described. Two independent vehicle tests with inflow states of Ma6.5 and 6.0 kg/s were carried out, and the results show that the maximum deviation in the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy results is 5%, validating the feasibility of the method. This research provides a new solution and tool for the delicate measurement of flow state with the potential to feed back the control inflow capture process.Keywords：laser absorption spectroscopy;inflow mass flux;scramjet;isolator- 83
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Design of control system for 1470-nm high-power semiconductor laser lipolysis device
Abstract：A control system for 1470-nm high-power semiconductor laser lipolysis was designed to realize safe and stable operation. The driving module, temperature control module, main control module, and man-machine interaction module of the control system were studied. First, a field-programmable gate array and a power feedback loop were used to realize a digitally controlled constant current source and constant power control, respectively, to drive the 1470-nm high-power laser and weak laser red indicator. SCM was Keywords：semiconductor laser;laser lipolysis;control system;STM32- 111
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- 17
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Optical design and analysis of laser radar spectrometer with high accuracy
Abstract：This paper presents the optical system design for a high precision, temperature measuring, Raman lidar spectrometer. Using an aspheric lens group on an imaging spectrometer with spherical aberration correction, the results show that the pure rotational Raman spectrum imaging deviation can be effectively suppressed. The 10 mm/nm line resolution requirements for a high precision spectrometer, with a double grating structure design, and the temperature parameters of a Raman spectrometer for ray tracing, are fi Keywords：Raman lidar;double-grating spectrometer;blazed grating;Line per inch- 93
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- 4
Published：2020-08-13 -
Electrical-domain self-adaptive mid-infrared laser-based methane sensor system
Abstract：In order to suppress sensor noise with unknown statistical properties in an electrical domain, a novel mid-infrared CH4 sensor was proposed based on a 3 291 nm interband cascade laser and a multipass gas cell. This sensor operates using Recursive Least Square (RLS) self-adaptive denoising algorithm and Direct Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (DLAS) technique. Based on the traditional detector output (called the signal channel), a noise channel was added to generate electrical noise using the feedback signal of Keywords：CH4 sensor;infrared spectroscopy;semiconductor lasers;least square method;self-adaptive denoise- 95
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- 15
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- 2
Published：2020-08-13 -
Trace gas detection using cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with injection locking
Abstract：In order to improve the Raman scattering intensity of a trace gas, a cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) technique with injection locking was introduced. A diode laser input (638 nm, 15 mW) was coupled into a V-shaped enhanced cavity composed of three highly reflective mirrors. Using the injection locking technique, an intracavity laser beam was generated and enhanced by a factor of 500 to obtain a power of 7.5 W. The Raman spectra of the individual trace gases and the mixture were obtained. According Keywords：Raman spectroscopy;trace gas detection;cavity enhancement;injection locking- 129
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Application of laser absorption spectroscopy for identification gases in industrial production processes and early safety warning
Abstract：On-line monitoring for identification gases is one of the most important goals in industrial production processes and safety warning areas. Compared with laser absorption spectroscopy, conventional monitoring methods are insufficient in terms of response speed, measurement accuracy, service life, real-time monitoring of a variety of monitoring targets, measuring range, and application scope. In this study, Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) with an appropriate absorption wavelength was intr Keywords：Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS);industrial production process;safety early warning;marking gases;direct absorption signal;harmonic signal- 187
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- 17
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- 10
Published：2020-08-13 -
In-motion monitoring of atmospheric methane and ethane using a mid-infrared dual-gas simultaneous detection sensor
Abstract：For realizing atmospheric alkane gas detection in a wide area and a long distance, a dual-gas simultaneous methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) sensor system was demonstrated. Measurements were conducted in an area. A Continuous-Wave (CW) Interband Cascade Laser (ICL) was used as the light source, a high-speed Data Acquisition card (DAQ) was used to acquire the detection signal, and a LabVIEW based laptop platform was developed for signal generation, signal acquisition, harmonic extraction, concentration calcula Keywords：infrared spectroscopy;mid-infrared laser;gas detector;in-motion monitoring- 114
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- 15
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- 2
Published：2020-08-13
Laser Spectroscopy
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Tolerance assurance of interferometer for optical HCB process
Abstract：Space interference measurement system is an important part of gravitational wave detection in space. This paper introduces the composition and working principle of a differential frequency interferometer made of only glass. To address the problem of matching and aligning double coherent beams in differential frequency interferometers, we introduce a method that can guarantee the angular and position tolerance of double frequency laser interferometers; this method is suitable for the hydroxide catalysis bond Keywords：laser interferometer;hydroxide catalysis bonding;high accuracy measurement;high precision assembly;space Taiji plan- 104
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- 24
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- 4
Published：2020-08-13 -
Laser feedback stress measurement system based on fourier transform phase extraction method
Abstract：Accurate measurement of the internal stress in high-end glass relates to the safety and reliability of the system in which it is used. This paper proposes a stress measurement method based on the laser feedback effect. The laser feedback system consists of a laser and an external mirror. The sample to be measured is placed in the external cavity of the feedback system, and the polarization flipping of the laser induced by the gain modulation of feedback light is used to extract stress information. First, th Keywords：precision measurement;laser feedback;stress measurement;phase extraction- 122
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- 4
Published：2020-08-13 -
Low temperature deposition and photoluminescence properties of silicon oxide multilayer films
Abstract：Nc-SiOx/a-SiOx multilayer films were deposited using very-high-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD), to investigate the application of silicon quantum dots in solar cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that a multilayer structure was achieved by adjusting the thickness of the nc-SiOx layer at low temperature. Based on Raman scattering, UV-visible transmission, and steady/transient photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the microstructure, energy band, and photolu Keywords：silicon oxide multilayer films;microstructure;energy band;photoluminescence;quantum confinement effect- 103
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- 20
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- 2
Published：2020-08-13 -
Preflight diffuser's calibration of carbon dioxide spectrometer of TanSat
Abstract：In order to improve the on-orbit calibration accuracy of a CO2 spectrometer, the principle of on-orbit radiation correction was established, and key aspects such as the fabrication, BRDF calibration, and application of a diffuser were systematically studied. Based on the working principle and system composition of the CO2 spectrometer, the device and strategy for performing the on-orbit radiation calibration were introduced, and the fabrication method and optimization of the process parameters of the diffus Keywords：carbon satellite;carbon dioxide spectrometer;diffuser;Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function (BRDF);on-orbit calibration strategy- 112
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- 4
Published：2020-08-13 -
Design of 360° high-order aspheric reflective panoramic lens
Abstract：In order to simplify system configuration, improve the efficiency of image collection and processing, and achieve round high-definition panoramic optical imaging using a single optical system according to the working principle of a catadioptric optical system, we designed a 360° panoramic lens with high-order aspheric reflection and optimized its optical structure and image quality. This camera utilizes a high-order aspheric reflector to compress the field of view. Round target light with an elevation angle Keywords：panoramic imaging;high-order aspheric;catadioptric- 139
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- 1
Published：2020-08-13
Modern Applied Optics
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Design of 360° high-order aspheric reflective panoramic lens
Abstract：In order to simplify system configuration, improve the efficiency of image collection and processing, and achieve round high-definition panoramic optical imaging using a single optical system according to the working principle of a catadioptric optical system, we designed a 360° panoramic lens with high-order aspheric reflection and optimized its optical structure and image quality. This camera utilizes a high-order aspheric reflector to compress the field of view. Round target light with an elevation angle ranging from -55° to 20° was introduced into the system and a glass lens assembly was used to receive this light in a subsequent light path. The light was focused on the target surface of the camera that facilitated the acquisition of annular panoramic images of the object. By optimizing the image quality of the system, we obtained high-definition 360° round-looking panoramic images and subsequently analyzed the primary performance indexes of the optical system. The 360° panoramic lens consists of a high-order aspheric reflector and 10 glass spherical lenses. It had a focal length of 0.4 mm, an f-number of 2.2, and a pitch angle of 75°. The optical transfer function values of the full field of view are all greater than 0.3 at a resolution of 150 lp/mm. This proposed design is applicable to single optical system imaging and addresses several significant technical challenges in traditional spliced panoramic lenses including inefficient image collection and processing. In addition, the simple design is inexpensive and can, therefore, facilitate a high-volume production.Keywords：panoramic imaging;high-order aspheric;catadioptric- 59
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Published：2020-08-13
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Laser measurement based evaluation for orthogonal transformation calibration of robot pose
Abstract：Aiming at the requirements of online laser tracking measuring and real-time steering for robot position and orientation in the field of large-scale high-end equipment manufacturing, a type of transformation calibration method between the robot base and the laser measurement coordinate system was presented in this paper. The algorithm for positional evaluation of optical TCPs (tool center point) was devised based on the criterion of distance, and the computation of a coordinate system center of gravity confi Keywords：robots coordinate system transformation;laser measurement;optical tool center point;center of gravity configuration;orthogonal rotation matrix- 374
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- 11
Published：2020-08-13 -
Three-dimensional surface roughness characterization and application
Abstract：Surface roughness was an important indicator in the evaluation of a manufacturing process and a product's quality because it can directly affect the wear resistance, sealing performance, and corrosion resistance of parts. The surface quality was more demanding than ever before with the development of modern science and technology. Traditional two-dimensional surface roughness measurement and characterization can hardly meet the requirements, and therefore, three-dimensional measurement and characterization Keywords：three-dimensional surface roughness;surface roughness parameters;three-dimensional surface roughness characterization;application- 251
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- 14
Published：2020-08-13 -
Dynamic modeling and dynamic load distribution optimization of a spherical 5R parallel mechanism
Abstract：In order to realize low energy consumption and smooth operation of the parallel mechanism driver, the dynamic load distribution of a spherical 5R parallel mechanism was optimized. First, the positive and negative solutions of the kinematic equation were deduced by the vector method. Then, considering gravity, the external force, and the inertial force of each component, the dynamic model of the spherical 5R parallel mechanism was established using the Lagrange method and the virtual work principle. A dynami Keywords：spherical 5R parallel mechanism;dynamic modeling;Lagrange method;virtual work principle;dynamic load distribution optimization- 84
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- 15
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- 1
Published：2020-08-13 -
Design of modular articulation in self-driven AACMM
Abstract：A large subjective error and low measurement efficiency occurs as a result of manual movement and measurement in a traditional Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM) to solve the problem of worse path planning, In this case, it is difficult to adapt the system to the new requirements of online automatic measuring systems. As such, the concept of a self-driven AACMM is proposed which includes a brushless motor and a harmonic reducer, and demonstrates precise shafting in its articulation. A stru Keywords：self-driven Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine(AACMM);Modular articulation;torsion estimating;repeatability experiment- 69
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Published：2020-08-13 -
On force and deformation of cantilever Y adjustment mechanism of target alignment sensor
Abstract：The Target Alignment Sensor (TAS) was an important component of the Inertial Confinement nuclear Fusion (ICF) range, and its position in the target chamber was one of the main factors to ensure the accuracy of target positioning. In order to realize micro-level adjustment and positioning accuracy, it was necessary to use an appropriate mechanism to adjust the target alignment sensor. A method combining theoretical analysis, finite element simulation and experimental verification was adopted to study the def Keywords：Target Alignment Sensor(TAS);adjusting mechanism;force deformation;stability;finite element- 93
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- 13
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- 0
Published：2020-08-13 -
Least square fitting and error evaluation of the convex contour of bearing roller
Abstract：In this investigation, we attempted to accurately evaluate the profile error of the bearing roller convexity, based on the definition of geometric characteristics and shape error of the arc corrected roller convexity line of bearing. This approach involves the least square principle, the method of total least squares fitting, and error evaluation of the convexity contour of the bearing roller. Firstly, the tangent reference points of the arc segment and the straight line are determined by the curvature diff Keywords：convexity of bearing roller;least square method;piecewise fitting;error assessment- 118
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- 16
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- 3
Published：2020-08-13 -
Calibration method of PCMA by using niching chaos optimization algorithm
Abstract：A portable coordinate measuring arm (PCMA) was a piece of portable coordinate measuring equipment that employs a series of rotating joints. In order to improve the measuring accuracy and repeatability of a PCMA, it was essential to calibrate its kinematic parameters. First, a new kinematic calibration approach for PCMAs by using a niching chaos optimization algorithm (NCOA) was proposed. A hybrid objective function for kinematic calibration was proposed that reflects the various performance tests, including Keywords：Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine(AACMM);kinematic calibration;Niching Chaos Optimization Algorithm (NCOA);calibration method- 82
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- 13
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Disturbance compensation and improved sliding-mode control of stabilized platform for seekers
Abstract：A control scheme consisting of a disturbance compensation method and an improved sliding mode controller was proposed to improve the disturbance rejection rate of the stabilized platform used in a seeker. Firstly, the disturbances were divided into friction torque and rest disturbances. The friction parameters based on the Stribeck friction model were identified. An extended high-gain observer was designed to estimate the rest disturbances in the system dynamics, and the convergence condition of the estimat Keywords：improved sliding mode controller;extended high-gain observer;disturbance rejection rate;friction compensation- 84
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- 20
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Published：2020-08-13
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
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Array polarization sensor for navigation and its robust algorithm
Abstract：In the compound eyes of several insects, the dorsal rim area has regularly arranged polarization sensitive ommatidium. Insects rely on this special structure to extract the polarization information of skylight to facilitate navigation when the insect's eye view was partially occluded. An array polarization sensor was designed for navigation by imitating this special structure. In practical applications, the sensor was disturbed by many factors such as random partial occlusion of the view, multi-orientated w Keywords：array polarization sensor for navigation;arranged polarization sensitive ommatidium structure;robust- 103
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- 15
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- 2
Published：2020-08-13 -
Fluorescence molecular tomography of permissible region selected by ISODATA
Abstract：In order to achieve a fast, accurate, and robust reconstruction of fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), limited-projection FMT and permissible region selection methods have been drawing more and more attention. Aiming to solve the problems of existing permissible region selection methods including the difficulty of parameter setting and the inaccuracy of multi-objective selection, so as to improve reconstruction quality of the limited-projection FMT, a method through which permissible regions were selec Keywords：fluorescence molecular tomography;limited-projection;permissible region selection;iterative self-organizing data analysis technique algorithm- 84
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- 14
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- 1
Published：2020-08-13 -
Extended state observer based control of fast step/stare imaging mechanisms
Abstract：An extended state observer (ESO) based controller with acceleration compensation strategy was proposed to satisfy the high requirements for control performance of fast step/stare imaging mechanisms. First, the theory of ESO was described and its characteristics were expatiated. Then, the third-order linear extended state observer (LESO) was designed with an imaging mechanism as the controlled object. By placing the observer in the feedback channel of the speed loop, a double loop controller of position and Keywords：fast step/stare imaging;Extended State Observer(ESO);acceleration compensation;disturbance estimate;bandwidth parameterization- 95
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Low-illumination remote sensing image enhancement in HSI color space
Abstract：In order to improve the visibility of low-illumination remote sensing images, an improved multiscale Retinex combined with a local contrast adaptive adjustment method was proposed. First, the original image was transformed into HSI color space and the hue component H, saturation component S, and brightness component I were effectively separated. The H component was unchanged, and an improved multiscale Retinex algorithm was applied to process the I component, to improve the overall brightness and contrast o Keywords：HSI domain;low illumination remote sensing image;multiscale Retinex algorithm;Sigmoid function;local contrast- 85
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- 5
Published：2020-08-13 -
Correlation filter tracking based on adaptive learning rate and location refiner
Abstract：To overcome the problem of loss of target caused by fast motion and the issue of partial occlusion in the tracking of kernel correlation filters, this paper proposed a new kernel correlation tracking algorithm that combines adaptive template updating and the prediction of the relocation of a target, based on the scale adaptive with multiple features tracker (SAMF). A template updating mechanism that combines target velocity and feature changes was proposed to improve the adaptability to fast movement of the Keywords：vision tracking;correlation filter;adaptive learning rate;location refiner- 90
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Context-aware tracking based on a visual saliency and perturbation model
Abstract：To solve the problem of target tracking in the presence of background noise, occlusion, deformation and scale variation, a context-aware tracking algorithm based on a visual saliency and perturbation model was proposed. First, the proposed algorithm was based on the correlation filtering algorithm. The contextual information of the target was introduced into the classifier learning process. The context-aware correlation filter was then constructed, which improves the robustness of the algorithm. Meanwhile, Keywords：target tracking;context-aware;perturbation model;visual saliency;correlation filter- 80
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- 13
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Published：2020-08-13 -
T-S tracking algorithm based on context auxiliary feature
Abstract：Occlusion and objects with the same appearance as the target (known as distractors) are extremely challenging in the tracking domain, and distractors appearing around the target during occlusion tend to cause tracking distractors. To resolve this problem, improving the tracking performance under conditions of serious occlusions and distractor by exploiting the context auxiliary feature was proposed. First, the context strength feature and distractors around the target were detected. Second, a dynamic model Keywords：target tracking;dynamic model;particle filter;auxiliary feature- 93
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Published：2020-08-13
Information Sciences
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