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Issue 3 ， 2019
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Growth and performance of KDP crystals grown from different methods and seeds
Abstract：Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal is a classic electro-optical material and is the only nolinear optical material used in the Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF) program. The growth method and seed have a considerable effect on the quality of KDP crystal. In this study, KDP crystals were grown using both conventional and point-seed rapid-growth methods. By changing the directions of seeds, the regeneration sector was decreased and the length of the growth period was reduced. In addition, the grown c Keywords：KDP crystal;growth method;seeds;optical performance;laser damage threshold- 111
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Free manufacturing of heterogeneous materials part by selective laser melting
Abstract：To solve the problem of free placement of different materials at any location on a part during selective laser melting, the manufacturing technology of selective laser melting of heterogeneous material parts was studied. This method is based on supplying powder through multiple funnels and cleaning and recovering of powder using a flexible scraper. The processing mechanism, the prevention mechanism of powder cross contamination, and the data processing method of heterogeneous material parts were discussed i Keywords：Additive manufacturing;selective laser melting;heterogeneous materials part;metal part- 326
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Ultraviolet absorption film technology based on ion beam sputtering Ta2O5 thin films
Abstract：To obtain a high-performance ultraviolet laser thin film, developing one that achieves accurate measurement of absorption loss is essential. In this study, Ta2O5 thin films with different absorptivities were deposited on fused quartz substrates using an ion-beam sputtering technique and by changing the oxygen flow. Ta2O5 thin films were used as high refractive index materials, and UV high reflectance absorption thin films of 355 nm were developed. Two types of 355-nm absorption thin films were prepared on f Keywords：ion beam sputtering;ultraviolet absorption film;absorptivity;transmissivity;reflectivity- 114
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Application of Schmidt optical system with wide-field of view and fast focal ratio to aerospace imaging spectrometer
Abstract：To meet the application demands of a wide field of view and fast focal ratio for an aerospace imaging spectrometer, a three-mirror folded Schmidt telescope using a freeform Offner convex grating spectrometer was designed to obtain a field of view 5°, focal ratio of 2, spectral range of 400-1 000 nm, and spectral resolution of 5 nm for a space hyperspectral imager. The expression of an axisymmetric anamorphic asphere Schmidt surface was given and calculated, and a manufacturing method was introduced. The opt Keywords：imaging spectrometer;Schmidt optical system;axisymmetric anamorphic asphere;large field of view;fast ratio- 201
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Development of mosaic technology for large-size reflective gratings
Abstract：Large-size reflective grating is the core element for improving both the resolution of astronomical spectrometers and the output energy of chirp-pulse amplification systems. With the development of astronomy and laser fusion, the fabrication of large-size reflective gratings has become a hot topic for scholars both domestically and internationally. Compared to the fabrication of a single large-size reflective grating, the mosaic method has become the primary method of fabricating large-size reflective grati Keywords：grating mosaic;error detection;error separation;phase correction;mosaic device- 123
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- 19
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Uniform illumination method for large-area divergent solar simulators
Abstract：An optical system simulation and design methods for large-area divergent solar simulators were studied to achieve uniform illumination of a large irradiation area of solar simulators. First, the working principles of fly-eye lens array groups and examine divergent projection systems as well as the production mechanism of the sidelobe effect was analyzed. Subsequently, using nesting modeling combined with the polynomial fitting method, the intensity distribution curve of the xenon lamp axis was obtained. The Keywords：solar simulator;uniform illumination;fly-eye lens array;beam shaping;Xenon lamp modeling- 104
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Two-dimensional rotation angle dynamic measurement system combining laser collimation
Abstract：To dynamically measure a two-dimensional rotation angle and overcome the shortcomings of a complicated structure and high costs, a method based on laser collimation was proposed and a measurement system was established. First, a method was proposed based on the key measurement requirements. A collimated laser was used as a measurement datum and a remote position detector as a detection device. Second, a measurement system was developed, each module was designed, and the main modules were optimized. Third, t Keywords：laser collimation;two-dimensional rotation angle;dynamic measurement;spot location- 209
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Published：2020-08-13 -
On-orbit correction method for limb pointing error of ozone detector
Abstract：To improve the accuracy of the atmospheric inversion of an ozone observation instrument and to overcome the effects of thermal distortion and satellite attitude error on the orbit for the accuracy of limb pointing, an error correction method for the limb pointing of an ozone detector on the orbit was established. First, through the analysis of low-magnitude star energy and based on observations, an appropriate star observation window and integration time were designed. The blur spot of a star was obtained u Keywords：atmospheric observation;trace gas;pointing error;on-orbit correction;star location- 119
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Published：2020-08-13
Modern Applied Optics
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Study on technology of free manufacturing of heterogeneous materials part by selective laser melting
Abstract：In order to solve the problem of free placement of different materials at any location of a part in selective laser melting process, based on the principle of supplying powder through multiple funnels + cleaning and recovering powder through flexible scraper, the manufacturing technology of selective laser melting of heterogeneous materials part was studied. The processing mechanism, the prevention mechanism of powder cross contamination and the data processing method of heterogeneous materials part were discussed in detail. Two different materials,CuSn10 alloy and 4340 steel, were used to verify the technology. Experiments show that this method can effectively solve the difficult problem of heterogeneous materials placement in selective laser melting process, and realize the forming of heterogeneous materials parts：(1) The heterogeneous materials can be arranged freely in different layers or in different zones of one layer; (2) To a bulk heterogeneous materials part, the average mass percentage of Fe in the copper alloy region can be controlled below 2%, and the average mass percentage of Cu in the steel region can be controlled below 1%. (3) A heterogeneous materials gear part with complex shape and characteristics of narrow material region was successfully formed. The heterogeneous materials distribution of the part is not limited by the complex shape, and the materials could be arranged freely as needed. The heterogeneous material region in one layer with 0.5mm width can also be well expressed, and the dimensional error does not exceed ±0.1mm.Keywords：Additive manufacturing;selective laser melting;heterogeneous materials part;metal part- 57
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Ultraviolet absorption film technology based on ion beam sputtering Ta2O5 thin films
Abstract：With the rapid development of ultraviolet laser technology, the performance of ultraviolet laser films is becoming more and more demanding. In order to obtain the accurate measurement of absorption loss of ultraviolet laser thin film, it is necessary to develop ultraviolet high reflection absorption film and calibrate the ultraviolet absorption loss measuring instrument. In this paper, Ta2O5 thin films with different absorption were deposited on fused quartz substrate using ion beam sputtering technique by changing the oxygen flow. Ta2O5 thin films were selected as high refractive index materials, and the UV high reflectance absorption thin films of 355nm were designed. Two kinds of 355nm absorption films were prepared on fused quartz substrates by ion beam sputtering deposition technique. The transmissivity, reflectivity and absorptivity at the wavelength of 355nm were 0.1%, 95.0% and 4.9% for 5% UV absorption spectra, respectively. The transmissivity, reflectivity and absorptivity at the wavelength of 355nm were 0.1%, 87.4% and 12.5%, respectively. The experimental results show that the preparation of high reflectance thin films of 355nm with different absorptivity can be prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition, which is of great significance to the calibration of UV thin film weak absorption measuring instrument based on photothermal deflection measurement technology.Keywords：ion beam sputtering;ultraviolet absorption film;absorptivity;transmissivity;reflectivity- 56
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Uniform Illumination Method Study on Large-Area Divergent Solar Simulators
Abstract：We research the optical system simulation and design methods for large-area divergent solar simulators to realize the uniform illumination of large irradiation area of solar simulators. We analyze the working principle of fly-eye lens array groups and divergent projection system and the production mechanism of sidelobe effect. Then, on the basis of nesting modeling thought, we get the intensity distribution curve of the xenon lamp axis with the combination of polynomial fitting method. Furthermore, we realize the luminous intensity distribution simulation of the xenon lamp according to the luminous energy symmetry of the xenon lamp. After that, we put forward the boundary conditions and parameters for the optical system design. Finally, we design a beam shaping system, a fly-eye lens array group and a divergent projection system. The experimental results show that if the working distance is 20000mm and the irradiation surface diameter is 1500mm, the irradiation uniformity is 92.8%. It meets the uniform illumination requirement of large-area divergent solar simulators.Keywords：solar simulator;uniform illumination;fly-eye lens array;beam shaping;Xenon lamp modeling- 64
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Interactive effect of micro-cracks in optical glass under multi-indentations tests
Abstract：To investigate the interactive effects of micro-cracks on the surfaces and subsurfaces of BK7 optical glass materials during ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding, a group of twice-indentation experiments using Vickers diamond indenters were conducted on BK7 optical glass to simulate the multi-indention effect of single abrasive grit on optical glass under ultrasonic vibration. In addition, the bonded interface technique was performed on the specimens to determine the morphologies of the indentations and micro-cracks on the surface and subsurface of the optical glass. The experimental results show that the maximum depth of subsurface cracks produced by the second indentation is affected by the previous lateral cracks and is reduced by 30 μm under the same loading conditions. Furthermore, the optical glass materials will be broken after lateral crack are closed on the surface or inside of the optical glass. Based on indentation fracture mechanics, a model of elastic/plastic stress fields in the BK7 optical glass under indention loading was established to analyze the mechanism of micro-cracks propagation and the shield effect. The analysis of the interaction of micro-cracks as influenced by ultrasonic vibration reveals that the depth of subsurface cracks decreases and the material removal efficiency is improved with ultrasonic vibration assistance.Keywords：ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding;optical glass;multi-indentation test;micro cracks;interactive effect- 48
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Research on dynamic characteristics of space camera focusing platform
Abstract：Focusing mechanism is significant components in space camera, Its dynamic performance greatly affects the reliability of the camera. In order to accomplish dynamic analysis of focusing mechanism, the research’s object is the space camera focusing mechanism platform, with the entry point that the guide, model of the guide joint and the focusing platform is built with optimized tandem spring damping element and finite element method. The research obtains dynamic parameters based on Hertzian contact theory, and equalize the rigidity of the ball screw and the coupling that are associated with the guide in the focusing mechanism to the ball on the guide, and make the relation expression and corrected parameter. Corrected parameter is confirmed by comparative experiment based on variable of coupling stiffness, completing the dynamic analysis of space camera focusing platform. Finally, the research accomplish the dynamic simulation analysis of the focusing platform by this analysis method under different condition, its experiment show the deviation is less than 2%. Proving high accuracy and reliability of the analysis method.Keywords：space camera;focusing mechanism;finite element method;dynamic analysis- 66
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Optimization of novel parallel pointing mechanism for space optical mirror
Abstract：To meet the high-precision and lightweight requirements of a space optical mirror pointing mechanism, a type of space parallel mechanism based on a spherical 5R mechanism was proposed. Load mounting with traditional 5R parallel mechanisms was difficult. To solve this problem, asymmetrical branches and specific linkages were designed. Workspace, dexterity and carrying capacity were used as optimal indices, and structural parameter optimization design was conducted based on performance atlases. Model analysis of the optimized mechanism was conducted by using the finite element method. Optimization results show that the asymmetrical branched-chain mechanism has a better index of dexterity. The barycenter of the pointing mirror load was designed at the center of the spherical mechanism, which makes the mechanism more compact and increases its natural frequency. The proposed parallel pointing mechanism was shown to have good integrated performance. This study provides a basis for high-precision space optical pointing applications.Keywords：pointing mechanism;structure optimization;performance atlases;model analysis- 60
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Development and applications of plasmonics electromagnetic wave absorbers
Abstract：Plasmonics electromagnetic wave absorbers based on metal-dielectric-metal nanostructures can achieve multi-band and unity absorptivity. Its multiplex absorptivity spectra is dependent on the patterns and dimensional sizes of the nanostructures rather than its materials. In this progress report, we give an overview of this field, summarizing firstly the absorption mechanism from the perspective of materials and nanostructure, and discuss a selection of examples focusing their extreme performance flexibility. The developed and potential applications including the frequency selective thermal radiator, biosensor, and the photoelectric detection will be introduced. And finally, what can we expect from this rapidly developing field and future challenges, including the dynamic tunnability and energy conversion, are prospected.Keywords：micro-nano structure;surface plasmons;absorber;electromagnetic wave;photoelectric detection- 51
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Automatic calibration of robot tool center frame robot tool center frame
Abstract：Abstract: A calibration method of robot tool center frame is proposed, and calibration sensor system and experimental platform are set up. The calibration speed and calibration accuracy of the calibration system were measured and studied. The calibration method makes the robot moving according to the trajectory of the predetermined circle and the straight line. The time of the statistical system in the photoelectric calibration sensor is counted when the system is moving. The position of the deviation of the tool coordinate system is obtained. This paper analyzes the error caused by the photoelectric calibration sensor which may not form a rectangular coordinate system due to the cause of the assembly. At the same time, the error is eliminated by the coordinate transformation. The experimental results show that the calibration accuracy of robot tool coordinate system is ±0.5mm, and the calibration and recovery time is 15 seconds. The results meet the requirements of vehicle production line's accuracy and efficiency, and it can calibrate the robot tool coordinate system quickly and effectively.Keywords：Key words: Robot tool center frame;TCP calibration;photoelectric sensor;cross laser method;automatic calibration- 102
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Improved fast Image registration algorithm based on ORB and RANSAC fusion
Abstract：For binary description algorithm (Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief, ORB) scale and rotation of the great error in the registration, registration rate is low and the random sampling randomness strong consistency (RANSAC) algorithm has unstable problem, put forward a Fast feature matching algorithm of the ORB with RANSAC. First, optimize the feature point extraction method to eliminate the influence of feature edges. After constructing a simplified pyramid scale space model, improve the scale space structure of the layered image, reduce the number and number of generated image layers; Then, gradient direction is used to improve the main direction extraction mode of traditional ORB algorithm and the accuracy of the main direction of feature angular point is improved. Finally, the RANSAC algorithm is improved by constructing block random sampling detection, which improves the stability and accuracy of image registration. The experimental results show that the improved ORB and RANSAC fusion algorithm in terms of scale and rotation registration performance has greatly improved, and higher registration precision than traditional ORB, the scale registration accuracy is improved by 55.41%, and the rotational registration accuracy is improved by 26.66%. It basically meets the accuracy and real-time requirements of fast and accurate registration of complex images.Keywords：feature matching;Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief(ORB);Random Sample Consensus（RANSAC）;gradient direction;Image stitching- 53
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Published：2020-08-13
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Structure and performance of rotating piezoelectric generator with tunable frequency
Abstract：To improve the security of a rotary piezoelectric generator and broaden the effective frequency band, a rotating piezoelectric generator with tunable frequency was studied and its performance was evaluated through theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments. Natural frequency offset and stiffness offset models were first established, and the effects of stiffness and the number of rotating magnets on the response performance of a generator were determined through a simulation. The analytical results s Keywords：piezoelectric power harvest;rotating excitation;energy harvester;stiffness adjustment;frequency adjustment- 124
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Realization of complex patterns via "sketch and peel" lithography
Abstract："Sketch and Peel" lithography (SPL) has demonstrated the potential to improve the efficiency of electron beam direct writing. However, it is time-consuming to design exposure layouts for complex patterns. In this study, we proposed a method to generate SPL layouts for complex patterns using an edge tracing algorithm to extract digital image contours. First, the color image was converted to a binary image by image graying and the Otsu adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm. Then, the boundary of the binar Keywords：multi-scale patterning;"sketch and peel" lithography;electron-beam lithography;edge tracing- 136
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Interactive effects of micro-cracks in optical glass under multi-indentation tests
Abstract：To investigate the interactive effects of micro-cracks on the surfaces and subsurfaces of BK7 optical glass materials during ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding, a group of twice-indentation experiments using Vickers diamond indenters were conducted on BK7 optical glass to simulate the multi-indention effect of single abrasive grit on optical glass under ultrasonic vibration. In addition, the bonded interface technique was performed on the specimens to determine the morphologies of the indentations and m Keywords：ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding;optical glass;multi-indentation test;micro cracks;interactive effect- 103
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Research on dynamic characteristics of space camera focusing platform
Abstract：Focusing mechanism is a key part of space cameras. Its dynamic performance greatly affects camera reliability. To analysis the dynamic characteristics, the focusing mechanism platform of a space camera was researched in simulation, where its entry point was the guide, and the model of the guide joint was built with the optimized tandem spring damping element in the finite element model of the focusing mechanism platform. The research obtained dynamic parameters based on the Hertzian contact theory and equal Keywords：space camera;focusing mechanism;finite element method;dynamic analysis- 100
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Rate-dependent dynamic hysteresis modeling of piezoelectric micro platform and its parameter identification
Abstract：The inherent rate-dependent hysteresis non-linearity of a piezoelectric micro-positioning station seriously limits its micro-positioning accuracy. To solve this problem, the Hammerstein rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinear model based on Backlash-Like hysteresis and its modeling method were investigated in this study. An improved Backlash-Like piece-wise identification model was first utilized to describe the static nonlinear characteristics of the piezoelectric micro-positioning station. Combined with the A Keywords：piezoelectric micro platform;rate-dependent hysteresis;Backlash-Like model;hammerstein model;parameter identification;improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)- 111
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Sersorless control of long-distance prmanent magnet lnear snchronous mtor based on parameters pre-calibration
Abstract：Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSMs) with discontinuous stators are used in long-distance transport systems. Control performance degradation of PMLSMs is generally caused by the inability to install position sensors and by the fact that electromagnetic parameters between different movers and stators are not fixed. To solve this problem, a control system was implemented in a section of the stator in this study. First, the electromagnetic parameters of the motor were calibrated during the entry Keywords：Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor(PMLSM);long-distance transportation system;parameter calibration;sensorless control- 85
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Design of scanning mirror control system for satellite-borne DOAS spectrometer
Abstract：To meet the requirement of step accuracy for the scanning mirror of a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) mounted on a geosynchronous orbit satellite, the design of a scanning mirror control system with high accuracy is proposed that specifically considers structural and circuit design aspects. In this scheme, the scanning mirror system was controlled by the master controller that received instructions and sended back information about the current position of the scanning mirror. The scannin Keywords：Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS);scanning mirror;return error;step accuracy- 104
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Optimization of novel parallel pointing mechanism for space optical mirror
Abstract：To meet the high-precision and lightweight requirements of a space optical mirror pointing mechanism, a type of space parallel mechanism based on a spherical 5R mechanism was proposed. Load mounting with traditional 5R parallel mechanisms was difficult. To solve this problem, asymmetrical branches and specific linkages were designed. Workspace, dexterity and carrying capacity were used as optimal indices, and structural parameter optimization design was conducted based on performance atlases. Model analysis Keywords：pointing mechanism;structure optimization;performance atlases;model analysis- 106
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- 3
Published：2020-08-13 -
Development and applications of plasmonics electromagnetic wave absorbers
Abstract：Plasmonic electromagnetic wave absorbers based on metal-dielectric-metal nanostructures can achieve single and multi-band absorption. Their multiplex absorption spectra depend on the pattern and dimensions of the nanostructures rather than the materials they are made of. In this progress report, an overview of this field was provided, first summarizing the absorption mechanism from the perspective of materials and the nanostructure, and subsequently discussing a selection of examples focusing on their extreme performance flexibility. The already developed and potential applications, including selective thermal radiator, biosensor, and photoelectric detector were introduced. Finally, we explore the expectations in this rapidly developing field and the future challenges, including dynamic tunability and energy conversion.Keywords：micro-nano structure;surface plasmons;absorber;electromagnetic wave;photoelectric detection- 96
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Automatic calibration of robot tool center frame robot tool center frame
Abstract：A calibration method for the robotic Tool Center Frame (TCF) was proposed, and a calibration sensor system and experimental platform are constructed in this study. The calibration speed and accuracy of the system were measured and studied. This calibration method involved robot movement along the trajectory of a predetermined circle and a straight line. The photoelectric calibration sensor records the time while the system was moving. The position of the deviation of the tool coordinate system was obtained. Keywords：robot tool center frame;photoelectric sensor;cross laser method;automatic calibration- 89
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Published：2020-08-13
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
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Turbulence alerting algorithm based on singular value decomposition of Lidar
Abstract：A Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based turbulence velocity structure function construction method was proposed. The velocity structure function constructed by the method was fitted with a turbulence model to realize the turbulence identification of a laser radar. First, the spatial data of lidar scanning was divided into distance gate sectors. Singular value decomposition was then performed on the turbulent wind field in each subsector, and the characteristic velocity reference value and turbulent pulsa Keywords：lidar;Singular Value Decomposition (SVD);velocity structure function;turbulence- 105
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Overview of hyperspectral image classification
Abstract：Hyperspectral image classification comprises the classification of every pixel in an image by applying the combination of hyperspectral data atlas and rich spectral information, which can be employed for achieving high-precision classification and automatic recognition of ground objects. Hyperspectral image classification plays an important role in earth observation. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of hyperspectral images with respect to two aspects of general machine learning and deep learning Keywords：hyperspectral image;pixel-level classification;machine learning;deep learning- 267
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Neural network modeling of hysteresis for harmonic drive in industrial robots
Abstract：Nonlinear friction caused by the flexible link and the transmission process in the harmonic drive leads to complex hysteresis characteristics of harmonic transmission that inevitably affect the transmission accuracy. To describe the hysteresis characteristics of the harmonic drive, a concise neural network hysteresis hybrid model, comprising hysteresis-like characteristic preconditioning in series with a dynamic neural network, was presented in this study. It was executed in two steps: the input signal was Keywords：harmonic drive;hysteresis;Radial Basis Function(RBF) neural networks;hybrid model;friction- 111
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Improved fast Image registration algorithm based on ORB and RANSAC fusion
Abstract：In the binary description algorithm (Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief, ORB), scale and rotation cause a great error in the registration, and the registration rate is low. Meanwhile, the RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm has an instability issue. Therefore, in this study, a fast feature matching algorithm was presented based on ORB with RANSAC. First, the feature point extraction method was optimized to eliminate the influence of feature edges. After constructing a simplified pyramid scale-space mode Keywords：feature matching;Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief(ORB);Random Sample Consensus(RANSAC);gradient direction;Image stitching- 148
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Remote sensing image super-resolution based on improved sparse representation
Abstract：To solve the problems of lost details and added noise in the previous sparse representation image super-resolution, an improved feature extraction algorithm was proposed to improve the image Super-Resolution Reconstruction (SRR) effect. The Gaussian filter was replaced by a symmetric nearest neighbor filter to speed up image super-resolution, and the problem of dictionary learning in the feature space was solved. First, sample training images were generated based on the remote sensing image degradation mode Keywords：image super-resolution reconstruction;sparse representation;dictionary learning- 113
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Published：2020-08-13 -
Multi-features manifold discriminant embedding for hyperspectral image classification
Abstract：The traditional Dimensionality Reduction (DR) methods consider the spectral features but ignores useful spatial information in HSI. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed a new dimensionality reduction method called Multi-Feature Manifold Discriminant Embedding (MFDE). First, the MFDE method extracted the features of the local binary pattern from HSI data. Next, the with-class and between-class graphs were constructed using sample labels to exploit the local manifold structure. Then, an optimal objec Keywords：hyperspectral remote sensing;dimensionality reduction;texture feature;multiple features learning;manifold learning- 82
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Published：2020-08-13
Information Sciences
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