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Issue 2 ， 2020
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Solar radiometer for measurement of multi-waveband laser atmospheric transmittance
Abstract：To measure multi-waveband laser atmospheric transmittance, a novel ISP02-style infrared solar radiometer was developed. The hardware composition, optical system design, and workflow of the equipment were described in detail. The equipment was calibrated and the performance indicators achieved by the equipment were given. Atmospheric transmittances of 1.064, 1.315, and 1.54 m were measured using the established method based on direct solar radiation measurements. The actual results and comparison experiments Keywords：optical instrument;sun-photometer;laser atmospheric transmittance;infrared waveband- 92
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Visual detection of targetball for laser tracker target tracking recovery
Abstract：To visually detect a target ball for a laser tracker in a complex scene, a method of target ball detection improved by deep learning was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of the target ball, its application environment, and its effect in tracking recovery were analyzed. Subsequently, Hypernet and shallow high-resolution features were adopted, New feature maps and an optimized region proposal were added to the original network, improving the network sensitivity to enable the detection of multi-scale and Keywords：laser tracker;tracking recovery;object detection;faster R-CNN- 119
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Visual measurement of high-temperature welding deformation for high-strength steel sheet
Abstract：To accurately measure the buckling deformation of high-strength steel sheets under high-temperature welding conditions, a visual measurement technique for the full-field dynamic welding deformation of high-strength steel sheets was proposed based on digital image processing technology, the stereo vision principle, and the digital image correlation method. This process was applied to a welding image based on the study of the high-precision matching method of a plaque image. For the discoloration or shedding Keywords：visual measurement;high-temperature image acquisition;Gaussian smoothing;image matching;high-temperature speckle preparation- 109
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Escherichia coli fiber sensor based on modified graphene coated fiber Mach-Zehnder interference
Abstract：To solve increasingly serious food safety problems, especially the rapid detection of food-borne viruses, an E. coli sensor based on the surface-modified graphene enlarged-cone Mach-Zehnder interference structure was proposed in this study. First, a 4 cm solid photonic crystal fiber was intercepted and coarsely fused with two single-mode fibers to form an interference structure based on the Mach-Zehnder principle. Next, surface-modified graphene sensitive material was prepared. The modified graphene, coated Keywords：optical fiber sensor;Mach-Zehnder interference;surface modification;graphene;Escherichia coli- 108
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Solar coronagraph imager based on internal occulting in Lyman-alpha and visible bands
Abstract：The sun is the main source of Earth's energy. As such solar activity and changes have a great influence on the Earth. To meet the solar observation and research needs of astronomers, a new type of Lyman alpha and visible dual-band internal occulting coronagraph was designed to meet the needs of high-resolution imaging observation of the corona at 121.6 nm and 700 nm for space. Firstly, the parameters of the instrument were determined according to the radiation characteristics of the solar disc and corona in Keywords：optical instrument;coronagraph;Lyman alpha;visible light;dual-band;internal occulting- 109
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Study on surface quality of polished optical materials with quasi-Brewster angle method
Abstract：Surface damages of optical materials are inevitably introduced during machining processes. These damages heavily degrade the working performance and lifetime of optical materials-based production. Compared to the machining process of grinding, the art of polishing smoothly removes the damage layer of the sample; however, it is often difficult to ensure the complete removal of the damage layer. Therefore, to determinethe sample's surface quality during polishing periods is very necessary despite difficulties Keywords：optical materials;precision polishing;surface quality;Brewster angle measurement- 95
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Published：2020-07-16 -
High precision X-ray digital imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsules
Abstract：To realize high-precision and high-efficiency measurements of the geometric dimensions of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules, an X-ray digital imaging system applied to characterize the geometric dimensions of capsules was designed and developed. First, the X-ray direct-projection imaging and X-ray lens coupled microimaging were theoretically analyzed and a technical approach based on X-ray lens coupled microimaging was chosen due to its small size and the weak-absorption contrast of ICF capsules. T Keywords：x-ray digital imaging;Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF);capsules;high-precision measurement- 123
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Correction model for visible light polarization imaging considering non-ideality of polarizers
Abstract：Current theoretical polarization imaging models are based mostly on the assumption of ideal polarizers whose extinction ratio is significantly large and whose main direction is already known. However, the actual non-ideality of polarizers will have a significant impact on the accuracy of polarization imaging measurements. A correction model of visible light polarization imaging considering the non-ideality of polarizers was investigated to decrease this impact. Based on the Stokes vector polarization theory Keywords：polarization imaging;extinction ratio;precision analysis;main direction error- 131
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Published：2020-07-16
Modern Applied Optics
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Disturbance observation and rejection for gimbal system of double gimbal control moment gyroscope
Abstract：Coupling moments, nonlinear friction, and unmodeled dynamics between inner and outer gimbals are the main factors that influence the precise control of a double gimbal control moment gyro (DGCMG). To improve the interference suppression ability and ensure the output angular speed accuracy of gimbal systems, this study presents a composite decoupling control method based on a nonlinear cascade extended state observer (NCESO) and sliding mode control. All disturbances in a gimbal system are regarded as the lu Keywords：control moment gyroscope;gimbal servo system;nonlinear control;extended state observer;sliding mode controller;disturbance rejection- 105
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Published：2020-07-16 -
High-precision photoelectric acquisition and tracking based on cascade sliding mode control
Abstract：A cascade sliding mode control method based on a variable gain reaching law was proposed to improve the target acquisition and tracking performance of a photoelectric tracking system. First, to reduce sliding mode chattering and improve the dynamic response speed, a novel sliding mode reaching law with variable gains was designed. The variable gains were designed based on the inverse sine and exponential functions. Then, based on the novel reaching law with variable gain, the speed and position sliding mode Keywords：photoelectric tracking system;variable gain reaching law;cascade sliding mode control;target acquisition;target tracking- 140
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Driving method of V-shaped biped inchworm motor based on conduction angle regulation
Abstract：To solve the balancing problems of high speed and high precision, a drive method based on conduction angle adjustment was proposed. The electromechanical coupling model, drive method, and motion mechanism of a V-shaped double-foot-worm motor were studied. Firstly, the electromechanical coupling model of a V-shaped biped inchworm motor was established according to the designed structure of the V-shaped biped inchworm motor. Then, the driving method based on the conduction angle adjustment was determined. The Keywords：biped inchworm motor;electromechanical coupling model;driving method;motion mechanism- 98
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Effect of lapping load on self-conditioning performance of fixed agglomerated abrasive pad
Abstract：During the process of fixed abrasive (FA) lapping, the micro-fracture of abrasives is the main approach to realize the self-conditioning process of the FA pad; the lapping load is one of the key parameters that affects it.The FA pads were prepared by using single diamond (SD) and agglomerated diamond (AD) abrasives. Marathon lapping tests were carried out, using quartz glass as the workpiece under a lapping load of 15 kPa. The material removal rate (MRR) and machining stability of the two FA pads were compa Keywords：fixed abrasive pad;agglomerated diamond;ceramic binder concentration;material removal rate;self-conditioning- 120
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Processing fused silica with wet chemical technology
Abstract：HF-based etching is used in this paper to remove laser damage precursors to improve the laser-damage resistance of fused silica optics. Several CeO2-polished samples were post-treated by various HF-based etchants and the responses of etching rate, surface cleanliness, roughness, transmission, and laser damage performance of optics to the etching state, etchant composition, and etched depth were investigated. No solid evidence shows that adding acoustic power ~0.6W/cm2 to 6%wt. HF contributes to either the e Keywords：laser damage performance;fused silica optics;HF-based etching;etching-induced deposits;roughness- 156
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Design of piezo-actuated long-stroke fast tool servo mechanism
Abstract：Piezo-actuated Fast Tool Servo(FTS) technology is apromising method for processing complex surfaces such as optical free-form surfaces. To break through the stroke limitation of the piezo-actuated FTS mechanisms, a piezo-actuated long-stroke FTS mechanism was designed with a two-stage lever amplifying mechanism in the present paper; this effectively improved the long-stroke output performances of FTS mechanisms and eliminated parasitic displacement. The dynamic model of the mechanism was discussed based on Keywords：fast tool servo;large stroke;free form surface processing;lever-type displacement amplifier;parasitic displacement- 156
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Design of flexure micro-gripper precision-driven by piezoceramics
Abstract：A flexible micro-gripper system was developed to realize the precision clamping of micro-or Nano-sized objects. The design, kinematics, dynamics, and control methods of the flexible micro-gripper were studied. First, a flexible micro-gripper was designed by using a flexure hinge design method, and a Pseudo Rigid Body (PRB) model was established by using a PRB method. Moreover, the kinematic models of the system, for example, the mechanical amplification ratio and input stiffness, were established using the Keywords：flexure hinge;micro-gripper;piezoelectric ceramics;precision motion;pseudo rigid body- 147
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Fabrication and SERS of Au nanostructures by three beams laser-interference-induced backward transfer technique
Abstract：In order to improve the fabricating efficiency ofn micro-and nano-structures by laser-induced backward transfer technology, a three-beams laser-interference-induced backward transfer (LIIBT) method was established to fabricate micro-nano structure arrays, which was based on laser interference and laser-induced backward transfer technology. In this article, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass was used as a substrate to receive an Au nanoparticles jet from Au thin film. The LIIBT was carried out by three-beams laser Keywords：Laser-Inference-Induced Backward Transfer(LIIBT);microstructure arrays;Au nanoparticles;Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS)- 115
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Development of double probe composite micro-and nano measuring instrument
Abstract：To solve the problems of large-scale and high-precision measurement as well as geometrical parameter characterization of complex microstructures, a composite micro-and nano-measuring instrument was developed based on multi-probe sensing and precise positioning platform multiplexing technology. To realize high-speed scans of a large area and fine measurement of a small area, a White Light Interference(WLI) microscope and an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were integrated into the bridge structure of the instru Keywords：micro and nano measurement;white light interference microscope;atomic force microscope;Multi-probe technology;precise positioning- 104
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Published：2020-07-16
Micro/Nano Technology and Fine Mechanics
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Gesture recognition with EMG signals based on ensemble RNN
Abstract：The Muscle Computer Interface (MCI) system is one of the areas of active interest in virtual reality and human-computer interaction research. The main problem associated with the MCI was the EMG signal classification, to facilitate the effective combination of an MCI system with deep learning methods. Surface EMG signals include high-density transient signals and sparse multi-channel signals. The former was analogous to an image that can be recognized by a CNN network. The latter was studied in this investi Keywords：gesture recognition;MYO armband;combined RNN nets;Muscle-Computer Interface system- 188
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Feature extraction of hyperspectral image with semi-supervised multi-graph embedding
Abstract：Traditional graph embedding methods often use single graph structures for feature extraction (FE).However, these methods cannot effectively represent the complex intrinsic structuresof high-dimensional data. To address this problem, a Semi-Supervised Multi-Graph Embedding (SSMGE) algorithm was proposed for FE of Hyper Spectral Images (HSIs). First, the SSMGE method constructed one of each of intra-and inter-class hypergraphs and intra-and inter-class graphs through intra-and inter-class neighbors of labeled Keywords：hyperspectral image;feature extraction;semi-supervised learning;multi-graph embedding;hypergraph structure- 99
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Published：2020-07-16 -
CBCT image reconstruction using a mixed Poisson-Gaussian maximum likelihood function
Abstract：Improving the quality of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) reconstructed images under complicated noise conditions was critical for CBCT systems. In this study, an image reconstruction method of CBCT based on a hybrid Poisson-Gaussian maximum likelihood function was proposed. First, a CBCT image reconstruction model suitable for describing a mixed Poisson-Gaussian noise environment was studied. The model contained a fidelity term based on a mixed Poisson-Gaussian maximum likelihood function and a constra Keywords：Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT);mixed Poisson-Gaussian maximum likelihood function;total variation regularization;image reconstruction- 115
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Three-dimensional cardiac point cloud registration by improved iterative closest point method
Abstract：In medical multi-atlas registration, to improve the limitations of low efficiency and poor accuracy caused by large initial position differences, complex shapes, and local residual differences, a fine registration algorithm that used Iterative Closest Point (ICP) was proposed based on the bidirectional distance ratio. The proposed algorithm was based on the coarse registration method followed by fine registration, where the former was processed by principal registration analysis.In the fine registration alg Keywords：iterative closet point;principal component analysis;multi-atlas registration;bidirectional distance;cardiac point cloud data- 174
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Published：2020-07-16 -
DoG keypoint detection based fast binary descriptor
Abstract：The SIFT descriptor has poor real-time performance and conventional binary descriptors are poorly robust to scale, rotation, and viewpoint changes. They can be improved by optimizing the sampling pattern and adding gray-value differential invariant comparisons. This study proposed a binary descriptor with a higher robustness. First, a sampling pattern with scale association and number marking was presented. Then, each sampling point of the sampling pattern was rotated to a specific position to ensure that t Keywords：computer vision;binary descriptor;gray-value differential invariants;sampling pattern;minimum correlation pairs- 136
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Detection of infrared dim small target based on visual feature integration
Abstract：To solve the problem of detecting small infrared targets ininfrared optical systems under complex backgrounds, an information processing model based on visual feature integration was established, and a dim small target detection method based on visual feature integration was proposed. First, the difference of Gaussians model of the receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells was used for processing the primary information of infrared images and initially detecting dim small targets. Then, the features contai Keywords：computer vision;target detection;dim small target;visual feature integration- 161
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Published：2020-07-16 -
Finger vein recognition algorithm based on FAST feature extraction
Abstract：Finger vein recognition algorithms are usually based on grayscale images of vein distributions. However, because of the limitations of image acquisition devices, the uncertainties in the illumination intensity and the complexity of the tissue around the finger vessels (among other factors)even after image processing cause the resulting grayscale images to possess irregular shadows and non-venous characteristics, which may reduce the accuracy of the recognition results. Therefore, this paper proposed a new f Keywords：finger vein recognition;corner detection;feature point description;matching distance- 141
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Published：2020-07-16
Information Sciences
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BER performance of Faster-than-Nyquist communications under Log-normal turbulence channel
Abstract：The combination of Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) theory with modulation technology can effectively improve the spectral efficiency of atmospheric communication systems. In this paper, the FTN theory was introduced to atmospheric optical communications, and an FTN optical transmission system suitable for log-normal turbulence channel was proposed. Moreover, the equation for the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the proposed system was derived and further analyzed using the MonteCarlo method. The results indicate that the Keywords：faster-than-Nyquist;log-normal turbulence channel;atmospheric laser communications;bit error rate performanc;spectral efficiency- 120
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Published：2020-07-16
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