In addition to describing a course of testing rotating error of high precision axis with reversal method

the paper also introduces all kinds of testing methods

especially the testing process of the rotating error of axis in manufacturing laser direct writing of binary optics elements. The rotating error of the axis measured is 0.018μm. This paper gives the testing theory

the way to separate the error and the practical applications in detail. Several factors that affect the reduplication of consequence are summarized. Finally

the authors conclude that the method is not only simple and practical

but also very accurate

being suitable for mechanists.