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X-ray Normal Incidence Microscope and Its Application in ICF
Abstract：The development of X-ray normal incidence microscope is thoroughly presented and the main technique problems that affect the performance of the X-ray normal incidence microscope are discussed.The available applications in inertial confinement fusion(ICF) are pointed out.Keywords：X-ray normal incidence microscope;Multilayer;Ultrasmooth surface;Filter;Imaging resolution522|26353|0
<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2020-08-12Domestic instrument industry in china： progress， challenges and outlooks
Abstract：This text highlights the value and importance of the instrument industry for economic and social development. It analyzes the current state of the global instrument industry and its economic contributions. Additionally, it discusses the challenges faced by the Chinese instrument industry, considering its historical development and existing issues. Strategies for overcoming current bottlenecks are presented, along with concepts and measures for the development focus of Chinese instrument enterprises. Finally, it outlines the opportunities and prospects for the Chinese instrument industry.Keywords：Instrument industry;Domestic instrument;Supply chain;Transformation of scientific and technological achievements;manufacturing process;Human resources5720|9182|2<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-11Development analysis of overseas EO targeting turret technology
Abstract：The overseas turret-type electro optical （EO） targeting pods have been subdivided into different generations， therefore， the main technical characteristics of typical third-generation pods have been introduced. Four different evaluation criteria for measuring their integration degree have been defined： the ratio of the aperture of the optical aperture to the diameter of the turret， the cube of the aperture of the optical aperture to the weight of the system， the cube of the diameter of the pod to the weight of the system， and the ratio of the weight of the payload to the weight of the system， so as to achieve the quantitative evaluation of the functional density or technological level of the EO targeting pods of similar performances at the macroscopic level. The development status of typical equipment is introduced， focusing on the corporations of typical products such as the American MTS-B pod， Turkish ASELFLIR350 pod and the subsequent ASELFLIR400/500， Canadian MX-15D pod， French EUROFLIR410 pod and German ARGOS II HDT， etc.， and their respective technical styles， characteristics and core payloads are introduced. A forward design evaluation verifies the performance of MTS-B front telescope system and ASELFLIR350 turret's optical payload. Several assimilated technical features of modern EO targeting pods are summarized： the optical-mechanical architecture of multi-band common aperture catadiopatric main system + side-axis small aperture sub-systems is gaining consensus； the laser detection technology of multiple wavelengths is increasingly inclined to the direction of active optics； composite-axis control technology based on the combination of multi-axis， multi-frame platforms and fast steering mirrors （FSM） is gaining popularity； the enhancement of target detail areas is acquiring more attention， and multi-band image fusion information processing technology is becoming more and more important.Keywords：EO targeting turret;multiband common optical aperture;front telescope system;Composite axis control;see spot1568|6060|1<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-11Research progress of full-spatial frequency error measurement and defect detection technology for extreme ultraviolet optical components
Abstract：Extreme ultraviolet lithography， a pivotal technology in semiconductor manufacturing， imposes atomic-scale precision requirements on optical surfaces and necessitates negligible surface and subsurface damage. This paper addresses ultra‑precision fabrication of optical components by first elucidating the mechanisms by which material properties and manufacturing processes induce surface errors. Technical challenges and recent advances in measuring surface errors across spatial scales are then analyzed. For low‑spatial‑frequency figure errors， emphasis is placed on absolute measurement methods and sub‑aperture stitching techniques. For mid-to high-spatial-frequency roughness， developments in white‑light interferometry microscopy， atomic force microscopy， and super‑resolution white‑light interferometry are reviewed. To meet multi‑modal characterization requirements for surface and subsurface defects， the advantages and limitations of complementary detection methods-including electron microscopy， interferometry， scanning probe techniques， and scattering approaches-are comparatively assessed. Finally， against the backdrop of prevailing technical bottlenecks and the demand for high‑performance optics， future directions are delineated， highlighting intelligent measurement systems， multi‑physical coupled characterization， and in‑situ monitoring. This analysis is intended to serve as a technical reference to support domestic production of critical equipment components.Keywords：advanced optical manufacturing;optical measurement;surface metrology;surface roughness measurement;defect measurement1477|5510|2<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-11Deflectometric measurement technology for optical surfaces： principles， challenges， and prospects（invited）
Abstract：Deflectometry offers distinct advantages for assessing the forms and defects of complex optical surfaces， attributed to its straightforward measurement structure， high dynamic range， and superior anti-interference capabilities. However， the intricate measurement operations， numerous influencing factors， and extensive data transfer chain associated with deflectometry significantly constrain its practical applications in engineering. Accordingly， the fundamental principles and historical development of deflectometry are delineated， and the primary measurement procedures， comprising structural design， system calibration， pattern coding， object-image matching， and integral reconstruction， are described. Several critical factors influencing measurement accuracy are examined， including camera model simplification， height-slope ambiguity， position-angle uncertainty， and the rank-deficiency in form reconstruction. Subsequently， a discussion of the primary application scenarios and future trends of deflectometry is provided， with the objective of assisting researchers and graduate students in mastering deflectometric methodologies， managing key strategies to enhance measurement accuracy， and fostering technological advancements and industrial growth within China’s precision engineering and advanced manufacturing sectors.Keywords：precision measurement;deflectometry;optical surface;error analysis;defect detection1428|5347|2<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-11Development analysis of the overseas EO targeting turret technology
Abstract：The overseas turret-type electro optical （EO） targeting pods have been subdivided into different generations， therefore， the main technical characteristics of typical third-generation pods have been introduced. Four different evaluation criteria for measuring their integration degree have been defined： the ratio of the aperture of the optical aperture to the diameter of the turret， the cube of the aperture of the optical aperture to the weight of the system， the cube of the diameter of the pod to the weight of the system， and the ratio of the weight of the payload to the weight of the system， so as to achieve the quantitative evaluation of the functional density or technological level of the EO targeting pods of similar performances at the macroscopic level. The development status of typical equipment is introduced， focusing on the corporations of typical products such as the American MTS-B pod， Turkish ASELFLIR350 pod and the subsequent ASELFLIR400/500， Canadian MX-15D pod， French EUROFLIR410 pod and German ARGOS II HDT， etc.， and their respective technical styles， characteristics and core payloads are introduced. A forward design evaluation verifies the performance of MTS-B front telescope system and ASELFLIR350 turret's optical payload. Several assimilated technical features of modern EO targeting pods are summarized： the optical-mechanical architecture of multi-band common aperture catadiopatric main system + side-axis small aperture sub-systems is gaining consensus； the laser detection technology of multiple wavelengths is increasingly inclined to the direction of active optics； composite-axis control technology based on the combination of multi-axis， multi-frame platforms and fast steering mirrors （FSM） is gaining popularity； the enhancement of target detail areas is acquiring more attention， and multi-band image fusion information processing technology is becoming more and more important.Keywords：EO targeting turret;multiband common optical aperture;front telescope system;Composite axis control;see spot885|5170|1<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2024-09-12Review of MEMS vibration-mirror-based 3D reconstruction of structured light
Abstract：Structured light-based 3D reconstruction serves as a fundamental component in the perception of the three-dimensional real world by intelligent systems， exhibiting significant potential across various industrial domains such as industrial inspection， intelligent manufacturing， biomedicine， robotic vision guidance， virtual reality， and embodied intelligence. This study first reviews prevalent fringe projection techniques， emphasizing both the established mainstream DLP fringe projection and the novel MEMS mirror-based fringe projection technologies. A comprehensive comparison is conducted regarding operational principles， performance metrics， and respective advantages and limitations， highlighting the promising developmental trajectory of MEMS mirror-based structured light technology. Subsequently， calibration challenges arising from the non-invertible camera characteristics inherent to MEMS structured light are addressed by summarizing several physically interpretable calibration models tailored for MEMS systems. Distinct from DLP structured light， MEMS structured light employs laser beam scanning and introduces unique error sources， which are systematically analyzed to inform future strategies for measurement accuracy enhancement. Finally， the applications of structured light are discussed， and future development trends of MEMS structured light technology are projected.Keywords：structured light;3D reconstruction;MEMS vibration mirror;fringe projection profilometry;error source;system calibration1445|5022|2<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-11Development and prospect of hyperspectral polarization
Abstract：Hyperspectral polarization is a new technology that combines hyperspectral and polarization imaging. It has become a research hotspot in many scientific fields. The research progress of hyperspectral polarization technology is reviewed， and its future development direction is prospected. In this paper， we first introduced the basic principle of hyperspectral polarization technology， and explained the advantages of combining hyperspectral and polarization imaging. Then， the classification of polarization spectrum instruments was introduced according to different design principles. Next， the application of this technology in remote sensing， medicine， environmental monitoring， earth science and material science was discussed in detail. Through the review of case studied in different fields， the unique advantages of hyperspectral polarization technology in providing richer and more accurate information were demonstrated. Finally， the current challenges of hyperspectral polarization technology were analyzed， including the precision of instruments， the complexity of data processing， and the problem of effective integration with other sensing devices. In view of these challenges， the future technology development direction was discussed. Future research should focus on improving the hyperspectral and temporal resolution of the technology， improving the accuracy of data processing and analysis， and expanding the applicability of different application scenarios to better meet the needs of different fields. In summary， hyperspectral polarization technology， as a comprehensive and efficient means of information acquisition， had made remarkable research progress in many fields. By optimizing hyperspectral polarization technology to meet a wider range of applications， hyperspectral polarization technology was expected to become an important tool in future scientific research and practical applications.Keywords：hyperspectral;hyperspectral polarization;imaging technology;polarization spectrometer3183|4815|4<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-11Model establishment and error correction of FMCW lidar
Abstract：The geometry of frequency-modulated continuous-wave lidar deviates from that of the design model owing to the mechanical machining and assembly of the lidar. In this study， the effect of the sub-coordinate system offset and roll on the coordinate measurement accuracy of the instrument is investigated， and a correction model is developed for the geometric error of the lidar. This model can increase the measurement accuracy of the measurement system without changing the hardware structure of the system. First， a set of lidar coordinate systems is established， and the sources of spatial coordinate measurement errors are analyzed. The geometric error transfer of the measurement coordinates is achieved by applying the transformation matrix between the coordinate systems. Then， the geometric errors of the different coordinate systems are combined， and an explicit expression for the geometric spatial coordinate error of the lidar is established. Based on this， a least-squares optimization objective is established for obtaining the error factors and the corrected coordinates. The obtained error factors can be used as corrections for subsequent coordinate measurements. Finally， this method is used to design a calibration field with a laser tracker as the high-precision measurement instrument and the spherical center of the target sphere as the standard point. A system error correction experiment is performed by employing the laser tracker and lidar to evaluate the target sphere at the same position. The experimental results indicate that the average error of the lidar spatial distance measurement is reduced from 0.044 8% to 0.003 8% and the maximum error value is reduced from 4.17 to 0.30 mm after the correction， thereby confirming the effectiveness of the lidar geometric error calibration and error correction method.Keywords：lidar;geometric error;least square method;error correction1427|4625|0<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-12Research progress of off-road path optimization algorithm for equipment
Abstract：With the continuous development of military intelligence， equipment path optimization in off-road environments has become one of the most important research fields in recent years and plays an important role in promoting the development of military forces. It also promotes military intelligence and improves agricultural production efficiency. However， due to the complexity and uncertainty of an off-road environment， an optimization algorithm based on the existing road cannot be directly applied to path optimization. Therefore， based on the research status of equipment path optimization technology in off-road environments at home and abroad， this study summarizes the two research aspects of environment modeling and path optimization methods. First， the off-road path optimization algorithm was divided into single-equipment path optimization and multi-equipment path optimization. Then， the applicable scope and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were expounded. Aiming at the dynamics problem in the field environment， the equipment path optimization algorithm under the dynamics constraint was emphasized. Finally， this study outlines the future development direction of the off-road path optimization algorithm.Keywords：off-road environment;Intelligent;environment modeling;path optimization525|4550|0<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-09-12
