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Optics and Precision Engineering

Optics and Precision EngineeringOptics and Precision Engineering
  • Editor-in-Chief:Xuejun Zhang, Liangcai Cao
  • ISSN:1004-924X
  • eISSN:2097-3209
  • CN:22-1198/TH
  • Supervisor:Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Sponsor:Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Instrument and Control Society
  • Publication frequency:Semimonthly
  • Tel.:0431-86176855
  • E-mail:gxjmgc@ciomp.ac.cn
  • Address:No.3888 Dong Nanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, China

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Volume 34  Issue 19，2026

  • Modern Applied Optics

    Spiral phase contrast microscopy for improvement of artificial intelligence cell recognition

    ZHU Changhao, FU Jiaxin, LEI Xiao, SUN Xuhui, ZHANG Chao, HONG Xuhao, QIN Yiqiang

    DOI：10.3724/OPE.20263419.2959
    Abstract：Artificial intelligence （AI）-based cell recognition in biological images is increasingly important in medical diagnostics. To improve recognition accuracy by acquiring images better suited to AI analysis， a spiral phase-contrast microscopy system was developed. A radial Hilbert transform was applied before image acquisition， and both the transmission amplitude and phase information of the specimen were used to directly generate edge-enhanced microscopic images. The generalist AI algorithm Cellpose-SAM was subsequently employed for cell contour segmentation and cell pose prediction. In proof-of-concept experiments with oral epithelial cells， spiral phase-contrast filtering substantially improved both the cell recognition rate and the accuracy of predicted cell poses. A recognition rate of 96% was achieved with spiral phase-contrast images， compared with 54% for bright-field images. The applicability of the method across cell types was further validated using red blood cells， Hepa 1-6 hepatoma cells， and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These findings demonstrate the potential of spiral phase-contrast microscopy as a broadly applicable optical preprocessing approach for improving AI-based cell recognition accuracy and supporting algorithm generalizability across diverse biological specimens.  
    Keywords：spiral-phase-contrast microscopy;image edge enhancement;image pre-processing;artificial intelligence;cell recognition  
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    Real-time data-driven estimation of background radiation for infrared detectors

    MEI Jian, YANG Lin, ZHANG Rongguo, LIU Yuyang, ZHOU Xiaoxuan, YAN Mengyu, CHEN Qiaomei, GUO Mengfei

    DOI：10.3724/OPE.20263419.2969
    Abstract：During in-orbit operation， the background radiation of high-sensitivity infrared detectors is modulated by complex， time-varying temperature fields， limiting radiometric calibration accuracy. Conventional correction methods based on thermal equilibrium assumptions， ground calibration， or empirical coefficients are poorly suited to dynamic， nonequilibrium orbital thermal environments. To address this limitation， a high-precision method for real-time estimation of detector background radiance is developed. In-orbit temperature telemetry and deep-space calibration observations are used to construct a modeling database through temporal alignment， outlier removal， and dataset partitioning， with coupled temperature measurements from multiple detector-associated components selected as model inputs. A random forest model is then established to capture the nonlinear relationship between these temperature fields and background radiance， overcoming the reliance of conventional methods on static assumptions and linear empirical relationships. Model training， validation， and application assessment are conducted across different satellite types and infrared spectral bands， enabling real-time background radiance estimation under complex orbital thermal conditions. Validation results yield a maximum coefficient of determination （R²） of 0.985 4， a relative bias （RBias） as low as 0.069%， and a root mean square error （RMSE） as low as 0.009 6 W/（sr·m²）. An overall mean relative error of 3.88% is achieved in typical ground-target observation scenarios. These results demonstrate that the nonlinear coupling between complex temperature fields and detector background radiation can be effectively characterized by the proposed method， providing a new approach to in-orbit background radiance estimation and improved radiometric calibration accuracy for infrared detectors.  
    Keywords：infrared radiometric calibration;instrument background radiation;time-varying temperature field;data-driven;random forest;real-time estimation  
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    Thermal disturbance compensation for single-camera three-dimensional digital image correlation

    SONG Haolin, CHEN Mengmeng, YANG Leyi, WANG Yonghong, LI Junrui

    DOI：10.3724/OPE.20263419.2984
    Abstract：Air refractive index fluctuations in high-temperature environments can introduce spurious displacements into digital image correlation （DIC） measurements. Existing single-camera thermal disturbance compensation methods are largely restricted to two-dimensional DIC， whereas conventional dual-camera three-dimensional （3D） DIC is constrained by camera placement and extrinsic parameter stability when optical access is limited. To address these limitations， a single-camera method for 3D displacement reconstruction and thermal disturbance compensation is proposed. Left and right virtual views are generated using a single-camera， dual-prism pseudo-stereo DIC system to reconstruct 3D displacements. A dual-channel coaxial projected-speckle compensation scheme is introduced： the blue projected-speckle channel is used to characterize the thermal disturbance displacement field， while the green sprayed-speckle channel captures the combined structural displacement and thermal disturbance. Compensation is achieved by subtracting the displacement fields obtained from the two channels. Under pure thermal disturbance conditions， strong agreement is observed between the measured displacement fields， with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.989 870. In a rigid-body displacement experiment subjected to thermal disturbance， the root-mean-square error （RMSE） of the mean 3D deformation vector magnitude over the entire loading process is reduced from 0.074 356 to 0.028 773 mm after compensation. In a high-temperature furnace experiment， the RMSE of the x-direction displacement over the entire loading process is reduced from 0.085 303 to 0.017 240 mm. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in mitigating thermal disturbance errors and establish a feasible approach to non-contact， full-field 3D deformation measurement in high-temperature environments with restricted optical access.  
    Keywords：digital image correlation;single-camera 3D measurement;thermal disturbance compensation;projected speckle;dual-channel coaxial configuration  
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    Design of auto-focusing system for airborne visible-light cameras

    TIAN Haonan, BU Heyang, YU Linyao, ZHANG Yupeng, XU Fang

    DOI：10.37188/OPE.20263419.2998
    Abstract：Visible-light cameras are the most widely used optical payloads on airborne electro-optical platforms. Due to their complex and variable operating environments， the automatic focusing function is one of the key factors ensuring imaging quality. To achieve automatic focusing for visible-light cameras， an autofocus system was developed， and the key algorithms involved in the system were investigated. First， from an engineering design perspective， the working principle and overall structure of the autofocus system are systematically introduced. Subsequently， an improved image sharpness evaluation algorithm is proposed， which measures variations in image clarity by analyzing the multi-scale frequency-band energy. Finally， experiments and analyses were conducted using an electro-optical platform equipped with the proposed focusing system. Experimental results show that the autofocus system can stably achieve automatic focusing. The improved algorithm exhibits better monotonicity and a larger dynamic range， with no local peaks. The autofocus time is less than 2 s and the accuracy exceeds 98%， meeting the requirements for image clarity in both real-time tracking and post-processing on electro-optical platforms.  
    Keywords：electro-optical platform;visible-light camera;auto focus;image sharpness evaluation;multi-scale frequency-band energy  
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Fig.1 Single-camera three-dimensional visual measurement system

Fig.1 Single-camera three-dimensional visual measurement system

Statistical chart of database time series coverage

Statistical chart of database time series coverage

Network architecture of CEFNet

Network architecture of CEFNet

Schematic diagram of spiral-phase-contrast microscopy

Schematic diagram of spiral-phase-contrast microscopy

Block diagram of autofocus system

Block diagram of autofocus system

Overview structurel of SA-DINO model

Overview structurel of SA-DINO model

Schematic diagram of multilayer heterostructure

Schematic diagram of multilayer heterostructure

Key challenges and methods in vortex beam displacement measurement

Key challenges and methods in vortex beam displacement measurement

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