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Issue 4 ， 2009

Article

High peak power semiconductor laser module for producing nanoseconds pulse

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 695-700(2009)

Abstract：Pulse width regulated circuit, diver circuit, laser protection circuit and laser chips were packaged to a laser module which was used in the pulse semiconductor laser sending system.When the laser pulses width is around several nanoseconds, the pins of packaged lasers introduce resistance which would distort the shape of waveform and reduce the energy coupling into laser chips. To get high peak power laser pulse with short pulse width and fast risetime, the structure of the laser chips was improved, and optoelectronic hybrid Integration was used to package driver and laser chips together into a module. In this way, short current pulses can be coupled into laser chips effectively. We analyze and prove that the improved laser module can produce optical pulses with better output parameters. On the same condition, when pulses width were around 4.5ns, laser module can produced 6 times larger peak optical power than that were produced by packaged laser with same driving circuit. The module can get Pulses with pulse width around 7ns and peak optical power 176W. U-P curve of laser module was measured when the pulse width is around 7ns.
Keywords：high peak power;semiconductor laser diode arrays;short pulse;laser module

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Published：2020-08-12
Design of refractive/diffractive spherocylindrical phakic intraocular lens

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 701-706(2009)

Abstract：Refractive/diffractive spherocylindrical phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) is designed to improve the white light visual quality. The individual eye model is constructed with the measured individual corneal data, eyeball depth and wavefront aberrations with optical design software ZEMAX，then the spherocylindrical PIOL and the refractive/diffractive spherocylindrical PIOL are designed with the established eye model. It is shown in a comparison of spherocylindrical PIOL that the refractive/diffractive spherocylindrical PIOL can improve overall white light modulation transfer function (MTF) and the MTFs of non-center wavelengths, which can improve the visual quality. It is also shown that a zone of 4 millimeter is enough for the binary structure. At last, the fabrication issues are discussed. The refractive/diffractive spherocylindrical PIOL has potential application in advanced vision-correction.

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Published：2020-08-12
Research of corneal model based on human eye optical models

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 707-712(2009)

Abstract：The cornea, which is at the forepart of human eye optical system, is one of the main refractive optical elements. The establishment of cornea model has important research and clinical value. Based on the corneal aspheric surfaces, from the point of view of optical imaging, the way of corneal bi-conic model in human eye model is proposed with the optical design software Zemax (Zemax Development Corp. San Diego, Calif.). With the analysis measured results of Chinese emmetropic cornea and collected data of Chinese myopic eye, based on choosing the wave aberration of human eye as the merit function, the initial model eye is optimized, and then the corneal models of the emmetropic, myopic and corrected eye models are presented. The relevant corneal ablation model is also presented. The corneal bi-conic model is constructed by the basis of human eye model; this method can also provide a useful applied digital model of calculating wavefront optimized ablation profiles for wavefront aberration supported customized corneal ablation.
Keywords：medical optics and biotechnology;visual optics;model eye;corneal model;corneal refractive surgery

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Published：2020-08-12
The application of a combined optimization design method based on an improved ACO in the structural optimization of the Long Slit Spectrograph

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 713-719(2009)

Abstract：According to the design requirements of LSS (Long Slit Spectrograph), the optimization model of the LSS primary structure with the constrained conditions of the basic frequency and the objective function of total mass is established. An ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm with an improved pheromone updating rule is put forward. Based on the improved ACO algorithm and the FEA software ANSYS, a combined optimization design method is presented to solve the above structural optimization. The optimized structure obtained from the combined method has reduced about 25% in mass than the original design and is better than the optimum design obtained from the zero-order optimization method provided in the Design Opt module of ANSYS. The combined method takes advantage of the characteristics of the ACO algorithm and software ANSYS and is potential to be applied to other similar engineering structural optimization.

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Published：2020-08-12
Algorithm and accuracy analysis for target location of multi-station infrared panoramic searching system

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 720-726(2009)

Abstract：A new algorithm model is proposed to increase the detecting capability of infrared panoramic searching system . Because the infrared searching system is a system of passive distance measurement to measure the distance of non-target, multi-station method has been applied in the target searching and tracking. In the new algorithm model, the effects of the distance of object, measurement errors of azimuth and elevation and measurement errors of longitude and latitude of receivers on the detection precision of target location are analyzed. 3D coordinate and distance of the target are obtained by matrix analytical method. The location errors of target in four different methods including of three observation station method, square station method, rhombic station method and five station method are analyzed and compared using the Geometrical Dilution of Precision (GDOP) graphs. The results show that the location errors of square station is least among the four different models. The GDOP distributing rule of five station is similar to the square’s, while the value of errors of five station is higher than the square’s. Among the above four distribution methods, the location errors of three station method is maximum. The errors distribution of the rhombic station is different with that of the square station method, and the errors of location is worse than the square station’s.
Keywords：infrared panoramic searching system;target location;location accuracy;coordinate conversion;distribution method

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Published：2020-08-12
Minimal Integrated Hyperspectral Imaging System

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 727-731(2009)

Abstract：For the unique characteristics of Offner hyper-spectral imaging instrument with a convex grating, it has become one of the most important remote sensors. A compact integrated hyper-spectral imaging system, which is composed of two combined normal glass elements and the size of 30mm×30mm×30mm, is reported. The optimized hyper-spectral imager，which works at the visible wavelength band is faster than F/2.5, unit magnification, flat field, and both objective and imagery tele-centric system. It has the advantages of excellent imaging performance, high spectral resolution, compactness, lightness, good stability, good producibility, and low cost. And it may be widely used in the field of aerospace, biomedical science, etc.

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Published：2020-08-12
Study of Control Method of Electrostatic Stretched Membrane Reflector

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 732-737(2009)

Abstract：Abstract: Objetive: Develop study about light-weight and flexible membrane reflector based on ground experiment to realize precise control of electrostatic stretched membrane reflector in order to solve the contradiction between the bearing weight space of launch system and the use demand of reflector with large aperture and high resolving power. Method : First, based on the approximate solution of Poisson equation about small membrane deflection, aiming atФ300mm electrostatic stretched polyimide membrane reflector coated with aluminium controlled by three annular electrodes, to find the membrane control matrix by finnding influence function of each electrode in order to solve the needed voltages on the distributed electrodes by the method of least-squares fitting. The result is contrasted with that solved by ANSYS, and analyze the according errors, conclude the control method. Result: When the membrane center deflection is beyond 2.5mm, the result is very different with that solved by ANSYS, and the computed deflection deviates from ideal deflection greatly. Conclusion: Only using the integrated method of analytical compute, finite element analysis and experiment, the membrane shape can be exactly predicted and controlled by finding the membrane control matrix of the distributed electrode to solve the distributed voltages in the least-squares fitting meaning.
Keywords：electrostatic stretch;Membrane reflector;Distributed electrodes;Control matrix.

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Published：2020-08-12
The Development and Characteristics Research of the Laser Illuminated Integrating Sphere

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 738-744(2009)

Abstract：For calibration of the recent developded spectral radiation remote sensor, we have built a newly integrating sphere source which introduced laser outside. This integrating sphere source not only meet the demand of calibration souce for radiance responsivity calibration, but also can scan the spectral responsivity accurately. We have introduced singel-wavelength laser to research the basic radiation characteristics of the integrating sphere source, which include radiance instability, plane uniformity and Lambertian. The result show that this newly integrating sphere source is highly stable and uniform.
Keywords：Integrating sphere;laser;calibration;spectral radiance responsivity

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Published：2020-08-12
The Ground Resolution Characteristic and The Choice of Telescope Focal Length for Imaging Spectrometers with Motion Compensation

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 745-749(2009)

Abstract：On the situation of increase energy integral time for imaging spectrometers with motion compensation, first, deduced the general expressions of the ground resolution and the telescope focal length. Second, calculated that concretely. The result indicates that ground resolution is inverse proportion to pointing angle for imaging spectrometers with motion compensation. Viz., the ground resolution will decrease when pointing angle increases, vice versa. That needs synthesize applied requirement, system quality and volume etc., to choose appropriate telescope focal length.
Keywords：imaging spectrometer;telescope;motion compensation;pointing mirror;ground resolution

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Published：2020-08-12
Research on Features of Collimated LED Beam in Optical Encoder

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 750-756(2009)

Abstract：The collimation degree of the light beam of LED exerts a tremendous influence to the performance of optical encoder. Through analyzing the impact that the radiation angle of light source has on flux, and applying of Rotation matrix and frequency-domain solution, authors have lead to moiré patterns’ light distribution function as well as its simulation waveform with various slit width. Furthermore, they analyze the influence of collimated light source to the contrast ration of moiré patterns and the max gap of grating, whose result shows the identity with the simulation waveform. Therefore, this paper is very helpful to the design and the production of the high quality encoder.
Keywords：optical encoder;light beam half angle;grating;moire patterns;simulation

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Published：2020-08-12
Polarization Aberrations Analysis of Transmitting Rotationally symmetric Optical Systems

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 757-763(2009)

Abstract：Abstract: In order to control the polarization effects and to improve the optical performance of the transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems, polarization aberrations of this type of systems are analyzed. First, the expressions of the polarization aberrations are deduced by the method of polarization ray tracing based on polarization aberrations theory. Then the factors affecting the polarization aberrations are analyzed. The influencing factor of a transmitting rotationally symmetric optical interface is defined and the relative plot between this factor and the incident angle is given. Finally, an example is presented to be analyzed. The results indicate that polarization aberrations must be controlled to improve the optical performance of the transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems which have large fields of view, large incident angles or work in wide wavelength. Two methods which can control the polarization aberrations of this type of optical systems effectively are presented, including keeping the angles of incidence as small as possible and minimizing the polarization separation by optimizing the coating design.
Keywords：optical design;polarization aberration;polarization ray tracing;transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems;anti-reflective thin film

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Published：2020-08-12
A Study on Obtaining the Facula Parameters of Quadrant Photodetectors through Fretting

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 764-770(2009)

Abstract：Abstract: The present thesis centers on the signal processing methods of quadrant photodetector. Analyzing the current methods of obtaining facula parameters in quadrant photodetectors and the sources of their indices and errors, the author of the thesis proposes a method of calculation on obtaining the facula parameters of quadrant photodetector by means of fretting. In comparison to the traditional or current methods, the method of fretting can obtain not only the light spot centroid, but also the spot radius, which is beyond the means of any traditional method, and more relevant information. In addition, this method has the advantage over the traditional method in that the errors are unrelated to the light spot centroid and the spot radius. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments have proved that obtaining the facula parameters of quadrant photodetector by means of fretting has considerable advantages. Field tests in the atmospheric laser photoelectric precision positioning system of inter-vehicle communications, show that this method is advantageous in speed, accuracy and convergence. Using this method Parameters obtained from 2 to 3, the use of 30mm of GaAs-PIN four-quadrant detector, the maximum error decreases from 18% to 1.2% .

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Published：2020-08-12
Study on experiment of grinding SiC mirror with fixed abrasive

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 771-777(2009)

Abstract：We have taken a brand new technics for manufacturing SiC reflecting mirror which is different from the traditional method, it is called as fixed abrasive surfacing technics. Not only the new method achieves better mirror quality with bigger diamond in diameter quickly , but also because of the fixed motion between the abrasive and workpiece and it will be good for surface finishing. In the experiment, material removal characteristic which is on SiC under certain rotation speed and pressure by W7,W5,W3.5,W1.5 pellets has been tested. Through those removal curves, we come to a conclusion that the technics not only has a higher removal rate, but also has much more stability. In addition, the surface roughness experiment is mentioned. In the first beginning , we achieved a mirror whose surface roughness is 42.758nm rms with W7 pellets. The surface roughness is descending as we change pellets with smaller diamond in diameter . At the end of experiment , a smooth surface whose roughness is 1.591nm rms has been achieved after using W1.5 pellets. The results of the experiment indicate that the technics which manufactures SiC reflecting mirror with fixed abrasive is able to replace the traditional slurry abrasive completely in certain finishing phase and also has a great foreground in application..
Keywords：fixed abrasive;pellet;SiC;removal rate;surface roughness

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Published：2020-08-12
Sliding mode control based on neural network for giant magnetostrictive smart component

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 778-786(2009)

Abstract：A new method for precise machining non-cylinder pin hole of piston by using giant magnetostrictive smart component is presented. To eliminate the impact of GMM smart component hysteresis and nonlinearity, a real-time hysteretic compensation control strategy combining a CMAC neural network feedforward controller and a sliding mode controller is proposed to implement the precision position tracking control of the smart component. The input data of CMAC neural network are the current smart component output and the output rate, the output of neural network is smart component input. The inverse hysteresis model of GMM smart component is achieved by CMAC network on-line learning. The model approximate error of CMAC neural network and the external disturbance is eliminated by using discrete sliding controller. Simulation shows that this control strategy can on-line obtain inverse hysteresis model of the smart component, eliminate the hysteretic nonlinear impact and achieve the precision control of the smart component.
Keywords：giant magnetostrictive smart component;CMAC neural network;sliding mode variable structure control;feedforward compensation;hysteresis nonlinearity

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Published：2020-08-12
The total dose effect and radiation destroy reasons of VLSI SRAM and ROM storages

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 787-793(2009)

Abstract：In order to research the total dose effects(TDEs) of very large scale integrated circuits(VLSI) storage, two kinds of SRAM and ROM storage are used as samples in radiation experiment. 60Co γ source is selected as the radiation source. According to the result of experiment, these two devices are all sensitive circuits of total dose effects. The destroy threshold is between 10k rad(si) and 15k rad(si). By cautious analysis,a credible conclusion is proved. We should not test data function only when testing the TDEs of VLSI storage, because the static consumption current and dynamic consumption current are sensitive parameter of TDEs. If we ignore these two parameter, we could not acquire credible the VLSI storage’s capability of defending irradiation. Finally, we analysed the destroy reasons of TDEs.

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Published：2020-08-12
Study of resolver excitation and resolver-to-digital conversion system based on linear angle calculation

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 794-800(2009)

Abstract：CMG is the key attitude actuator of large spacecraft such as space station, and resolver is widely used in CMG gimbal servo system. But most integrated modules of resolver excitation and resolver-to-digital converter can not satisfy the space application demands of small size and low power consumption, so this paper proposes a resolver excitation and reolver-to-digital conversion system based on single DSP and some experiments are performed to examine its validity. Inverse tangent operation of the resolver-to-digital conversion is often performed by calling function or using a lookup table, but it needs a lot of operation or memory, sometimes even an additive memory chip is needed. It is very bad for high integration, so a linear angle calculation method with little operation or memory is proposed in this paper. The voltage amplitude of the resolver excitation can be reduced basing on enough angle precision. Then the CMG gimbal’s high integration and low power are realized. Experimental results show that the bulk, weight and power consumption of this system are reduced by more than 80 percents compared with the resolver excitation module JD20-D15C36MK and resolver-to-digital conversion module 19XSZ2413. The angle precision can reach 0.011º, and the CMG gimbal motor has a good quality of rotation.
Keywords：high integration;resolver-to-digital conversion;linear angle calculation;resolver excitation;low power consumption

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Published：2020-08-12
Design on control system of flywheels and zero speed cross Analysis

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 801-806(2009)

Abstract：In order to Shorten design period of control system of flywheels for satellite attitude control, and verify feasibility and effectiveness of design scheme, a model for of flywheels is established on the basis of analysis of motor’s mathematics model Combined with methods used in control system of flywheels such as acceleration techniques, reversal connection braking method, commutation control and etc. Based on speed instruction in speed control mode, responses of speed, current, terminal voltage and torque are presented under Variable Voltage Speed Control method and Variable Voltage Speed Control combined with reversal connection braking method. Finally, results indicate that under 0.025Hz speed instruction Variable Voltage Speed Control combined with reversal connection braking method have a better performance than Variable Voltage Speed Control method. Key words: Satellite attitude control flywheel; System design; Reversal connection braking;
Keywords：Satellite attitude control flywheel;system design;Reversal connection braking

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Published：2020-08-12
Design of Distributed Micro-area Micro/Nano-imprinting Lithography System

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 807-812(2009)

Abstract：A novel miro-area micro/nanoimprinting lithography technology is introduced. Compared with conventional nanoimprinting lithography approach, the proposed method is characterized as by combining of distributed imprinting units, large-format micro-structure is fabricated. Another advantage of the approach lies in the fact that the imprinting mould can rotate in the working plane and each imprint unit can have pre-determined structure orientation and embossing pressure can by control program. The mentioned nanoimprinting lithography method is suitable for fabrication of optical variable diffraction image and devices used in flat-panel displays.
Keywords：Nanoimprint;Micro structure;hot embossing;control

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Published：2020-08-12
Structure Design And Experimental Study On Ultrasonic Levitation Bearing Which Support Shaft In Two Directions

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 813-818(2009)

Abstract：Vibration with ultrasonic frequency could levitate object, with this levitation to support shaft which we call it ultrasonic bearing. This paper give one bidirectional ultrasonic bearing which levitate and support the shaft in lengthways and radial direction, analyse the formation methods of ultrasonic radiation pressure on this kind of bearing, design the structure of the bearing which support the shaft in two directions, and test the max rotate speed of the shaft base on different clearances. Result show that the max rotate speed could be 8946rpm, the higher the rotate speed is, the bigger the centrifugal force is, which will result in the shaft hit the bearing and make the levitation and support function out of work, so it is very important to balance the rotor for improving the function of bidirectional support ultrasonic bearing.
Keywords：Piezoelectric transducer Bearing Support in two directions Levitation Clearance

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Published：2020-08-12
The Control Tactics and Software Architecture for Microassembly Based on the Machine Vision

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 819-824(2009)

Abstract：Microassembly is critical method to construct complex microsystems with various materials. In this paper，the control tactics and the relevant software architecture which are indispensable in microassembly are developed. The requirement, the main process and human-robot interaction in microassembly are analyzed in detail. The microassembly workstation based on the machine vision is constructed and the look-then-move control pattern for micromanipulation is proposed too. The three-layered control architecture is built up and realized, in which includes task layer, strategy layer and behavior layer. In order to improve reusability, the core classes and association between them are analyzed in software architecture. The classes in task layer, strategy layer are mainly constructed with aggregation mode. At last, the software for microassembly control is finished. The assembly experiments of microsystem composed with six microparts without special surface marker are done with the microassembly workstation. Several critical technical indexes of the assembled microsystems are measured and analyzed with tool microscope. The average values of coaxiality error with automatic microassembly are close to the results with full manual microassembly, but the average values of symmetry error are lower than the result with full manual microassembly and the uncertainty with automatic assembly is better evidently. The efficiency, repeatability, reliability and reusability of microassembly are improved evidently with the control tactics based on the machine vision and software based on three-layered control architecture in this paper.
Keywords：microassembly;Human-robot interaction;Software architecture;machine vision

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Published：2020-08-12
Study on registration of unorganized point clouds based on inheriting and optimizing algorithm

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 825-831(2009)

Abstract：Abstract: The key of point cloud registration is to build corresponding relation between two point clouds. Inheriting and optimizing algorithm is presented to realize precise point cloud registration. Algorithm principle is explained, and rotating parameters and shifting parameters can be obtained by building model. Realizing procedure of the algorithm is brought forward and analyzed. 6 groups of point clouds of car flashing are acquired by grating projection 3D scanning instrument, and point clouds registration based on presented algorithm is carried out. Registration error is analyzed by multi resolution hiberarchy method. It indicates that the proposed algorithm can realize precise registration of unorganized point clouds. Registration standard error is less than 0.10mm, and the registration time of 2 point clouds is less than 2 seconds. Compared to ICP algorithm, the required iterative number is reduced by more than 5 times.
Keywords：reverse engineering;point clouds registration;inheriting and optimizing algorithm;registration error

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Published：2020-08-12
Algorithm realization and simulation of gravity matching aided navigation based on maximum correlation

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 832-838(2009)

Abstract：The algorithm of INS/gravity matching integrated navigation is presented and analyzed, and an new gravity matching aided navigation algorithm based on maximum correlation theory is put forward. The new algorithm can subdivide the gravity map and eliminate large numbers of interferential data through the constraint condition in data gravity map searching process, and it can improve the algorithm of gravity matching based on maximum correlation effectively. The result of simulation proves that the new algorithm can be more effective and more adaptive to restrain the errors of the gravity data, to improve the orientation precision, to decrease the influence of Eotvos effect on gravity matching, and to speed up gravity matching for navigation in real-time. The algorithm of INS/gravity matching integrated navigation is more suitable for meeting the requirement of the actual underwater navigation.
Keywords：integrated navigation;gravity matching;the theory of maximum correlation;Eotvos effect

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Published：2020-08-12
Research on the Influence Factors of Nano-scale Line Edge Roughness Measurement Using AFM

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 839-848(2009)

Abstract：As critical dimensions shrink to sub-100nm node and below in the semiconductor industry, the measure and control line edge roughness (LER) in nanometer-scale measurement has become critical. The problem of the influence factors of measuring semiconductor line edge roughness (LER) using AFM is studied. Aim at the current LER measurement method the influence factors of measuring precision are analyzed, including the nonideal property of the size and shape of probe tips, the signal noise of AFM image, scan sampling interval, the driving precision of piezoelectricity, cantilever oscillation and the free parameters of edge detection algorithm and so on. In this paper the influence factors of measuring LER using AFM are analyzed theoretically and the methods for restraining and amending the measure errors are respectively proposed. Accordingly a more precise measurement result of LER using AFM is obtained. In addition, a theoretical reference is provided in order to achieve the request on the improving measurement precision of line structure topography measurement in the semiconductor industry.
Keywords：nanometrology;Line Edge Roughness (LER);Atomic Force Microscope (AFM);measurement error analysis

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Published：2020-08-12
Calibration of sun sensor and cubic prism coordinate system

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 849-853(2009)

Abstract：A method for calibration transform matrix between sun sensor and cubic prism coordinate system was proposed. First, sun sensor and 2D rotator coordinate system was calibrated with sun simulator and high-accuracy 2D rotator. Second, cubic prism and 2D rotator coordinate system was calibrated with diaphragm screen and CCD image-collimate system. Finally, the transform matrix between sun sensor and cubic prism coordinate system was derived with 2D rotator as medial coordinate system. Thereby, Sun vector measured by sun sensor was indirectly transferred to cubic prism coordinate system. Experiment show that the calibration precision was better than 4(1σ) and meet the requirement of sun sensor measurement. The method need not precise machining and installation, and make it unnecessary that sun sensor and 2D rotator coordinate system should be the same when calibration. The method was easy to carry out and valuable for application.
Keywords：sun sensor;cubic prism;transform matrix;calibration

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Published：2020-08-12
Study on Real-time Nonuniformity Correction of IRFPA based on SOPC
xinli zhang
Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 854-858(2009)

Abstract：aim to the large amounts of image-processing data and difficultly realizing real-time correction during nonuniformity correction of infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA), a kind of multi-point real-time nonuniformity correction based on system on programmable chip (SOPC) in Altera company is proposed. Hard software can speed up real-time nonuniformity correction of IRFPA through creating custom instructions for NiosII embedded processor. The experimental results show the correction method is simple and flexible and the image is clear. It can satisfy the requirements of real-time nonuniformity correction of IRFPA.
Keywords：IRFPA;SOPC;nonuniformity;Multi-point real-time correction

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Published：2020-08-12
Color Constancy Algorithm under Variable Illumination in Two Steps

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 859-866(2009)

Abstract：According to module principle of the visual information processing, a novel color constancy color image enhancement algorithm under variable illumination in two steps is presented. After estimating the color offset of original image using the pixels near edges,it can correct the color offset with white balance.Then based on the correlation characteristic of three components in RGB color space, the RGB three components of color image are enhanced at the same proportion by brightness gain curved surface which ensures the hue is constant and undistorted.The algorithm overcomes the ill-posed problems of traditional color constancy algorithm. Experimental results indicated the proposed algorithm can better maintain the color constancy with the images under variable illumination which was color offset or lower illuminance,and simultaneously it can effectively lift the brightness information.
Keywords：color constancy;enhancement in two steps;color correction;brightness gain

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Published：2020-08-12
Multiple Model Tracking Algorithm Based on Adaptive Fuzzy Logic

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 867-873(2009)

Abstract：The current model probability of interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm based on current statistical model is difficultly decided, and the system parameter and can not be adaptive adjusted. So a modified IMM algorithm based on current statistical model is presented via adaptive fuzzy logic for improving the tracking speed. The design parameters of the modified algorithm are optimized with ant algorithm for improving the tracking precision. Finally, to demonstrate the availability of the modified IMM tracking algorithm based on current statistical model, a simulation example is given. The simulation results suggest the modified algorithm is valid.

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Published：2020-08-12
A Novel Fingerprint Classification Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Singularity and HMM

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 874-879(2009)

Abstract：Fingerprint classification is an important index mechanism. The performance of fingerprint recognition algorithm can be affected as a result of shift and rotation between a template fingerprint image and a compared fingerprint image or low quality fingerprint image. A novel fingerprint classification algorithm has been proposed in this paper, which is based on Singularity and HMM. Firstly, the belief function assignment of Singularity classification and HMM classification is determined, respectively, and then, the final classification result was obtained by using D-S evidence theory. The experimental results based on standard fingerprint datasets have verified the accuracy rate of classification was achieved to 94.5%. Moreover, the proposed algorithm had a good robustness to those fingerprint images of shift and rotation and low quality fingerprint image, thus this method has some values in practice.
Keywords：Fingerprint Classification;Singularity;HMM;data fusion;D-S Evidence Theory

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Published：2020-08-12
Segment-based adaptive algorithm for customized shoe last

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 880-885(2009)

Abstract：A segment-based adaptive algorithm for customized shoe last is proposed. After fitted to be NURBS curves, the regular clouds can be classified into several feature segments. The algorithm performs scaling and deformation to the standard shoe last in accordance with the foot shape. An energy Optimization-based method which can modify the control points and weight factors is proposed to modify the standard shoe last adaptively, in order to realize the Digital customized of shoe last.
Keywords：customized shoe last

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Published：2020-08-12
The Algorithm of Vehicle License Plate Fusion Location and Object Authenticity Confirmation Under Complex Environment

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 886-894(2009)

Abstract：This paper presents a location method fusing color and edge feature, and the object authenticity confirmation method using the feature of concomitant and complement, to solve the problem of vehicle license plate location under complex environment. The area of license plate has fixed color assortment and rich character edge feature. For this point, the paper shows the algorithm of feature fusion to select all possible objects. And the object authenticity confirmation implements the location with feedback and it is suitable for the multi-object or multi-type objects location under complex environment. The experiments on actual RGB color images show the effective and robustness.
Keywords：license plate location;HSV color feature;edge detection;concomitant and complement;object authenticity confirmation

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A real-time restoration algorithm for aerial side-oblique images with different rates of image motion

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 895-900(2009)

Abstract：To compensate different rates of image motion, a fast image algorithm was presented, and it was implemented on aerial camera system. The complicate and changeful flying attitude of aircraft will influence the working status of aerial camera which may create various kinds of image motion blur. When aircraft is steep flying, aerial camera works with a side-oblique angle, and then many image motions with different rates occur on the focal plane array simultaneously. Through analyzing how different rates of image motion blur generated in side-oblique situation, the entire blurred image was segmented into many slices by their different rates of image motion. For avoiding the ring effect introduced by 2D FFT, the slices continued to be divided into pixel lines, and then a parallel computing scheme was presented with the 1D Wiener filters being used to restore the all pixel lines. Combining all result pixel lines, the restoration image came into being. The experiment results show that the new algorithm can effectively restore the details in the side-oblique images with different rates of image motion,, and the PSNR can reach 30.469; with the help of the parallel computing capability of GPU, our parallel computing algorithm restore a 2048x2048 gray blurred image in 17ms, realizing the real-time restoration.
Keywords：aerial image;image motion compensation;side-oblique;parallel computing;GPU

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Published：2020-08-12
Defect region extraction in images of the train wheel tread

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 901-908(2009)

Abstract：Regarding the characteristics of images of train wheel tread defects, defect extraction techniques were studied, for the purpose the train wheel tread region segmentation algorithm based on the stationary wavelet transform adaptive threshold was developed, the burning defect region extraction algorithm that the approximate location based on the block segmentation combined with the accurate location was proposed, the peeling defect extraction method based on searching way of tread edge lines was also proposed based on the searching way of tread edge lines. The proposed algorithms were validated by two images of tread defects. The system was tested by samples, the results show that the missing recognition rates of the burning and peeling were 8.3% and 5.3% respectively and false acceptance rate was 5.1%.
Keywords：train wheel tread;defect region extraction;burning;peeling

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Published：2020-08-12
Reseach on fast all-sky autonomous star identification algorithm

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 909-915(2009)

Abstract：Triangle star identification is a mature algorithm in engineering, to overcome the low character dimensions and high percentage of redundant matches, proposed an improved star identification base on traditional triangle identification algorithm. The relative magnitude information of star pair is stable and taken as assistant character during identification process. Introduced the fourth star besides triangle stars, the accessorial angular distance between them could be supplementary character to reduce redundant, and also could be verification. Appropriate characters were chosen to decrease the capacity of guide star database. In order to decrease the time spent during star-pair matching, hashing search used. The simulation result demonstrated all these improved identification efficiency and identification time reduced.

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Published：2020-08-12
A Novel Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Image De-noising Method Based on Parental and Neighboring Coefficients
Lu Gang,Yan Jing-wen,Jianzhong Zhang
Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 916-922(2009)

Abstract：At present the wavelet transform(DWT) has obtained good effect in the application of image de-noising, but DWT lacks shift-invariance and directionality. Because 2D dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) possesses of reduced shift sensitivity and improved directionality, its de-noising ability is better than separable 2D DWT. In this paper, a threshold de-noising based on parental and neighboring coefficients is constituted and a novel DTCWT image de-noising method based on parental and neighboring coefficients (PNDTCWT) is presented. After 2D DTCWT transform of original image, shrinkage threshold of each coefficient is calculated. Then, current coefficient is de-noised with this threshold. After inverse DTCWT of these de-noised coefficients the final image is got. Experimental results show that PNDTCWT achieves better de-noising performance than other de-noising methods based on DWT and DTCWT. Its PSNRs improves 0.5dB averagely compared with parental coefficients based DTCWT de-noising method. In terms of visual quality, PNDTCWT can effectively preserve the image details when de-noising the wavelet coefficients. The profiles of objects seem smooth and confusion effect is eliminated.
Keywords：dual-tree complex wavelet transform;parental coefficients;neighboring coefficients;threshold de-noising

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Published：2020-08-12
Dynamic estimation of virtual channel model for distributed video coding

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 923-929(2009)

Abstract：Distributed Video Coding (DVC) is a new video coding paradigm based on Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theories. The Estimation of the Virtual Channel Model (VCM) greatly influences the coding performance of DVC system. In this work, two algorithms are proposed to dynamically estimate more precise VCM, which have led to better performance of DVC system. For exploiting the temporal dynamic property of VCM, a new frame level VCM estimation algorithm at the decoder is proposed. For each coding frame, the bi-directional vector acquired in side information interpolation is firstly used to get motion compensated version of the key frames. Then the residuals of the key frames and their motion compensated version are used to estimate the VCM of current coding frame. In order to exploit the spatial dynamic property of VCM, a novel block level VCM estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper. The video frames are firstly divided into blocks. Then for each block, the VCM estimation algorithm formerly proposed is employed respectively to get its own VCM. It is proven that the proposed algorithms have gotten more precise VCM. Consequently, they have led to better channel coding performance of DVC, then less parity bits has to be transmitted to decoder, and better coding performance of DVC system are obtained.
Keywords：Distributed video coding;Wyner-Ziv;moment estimation;Virtual channel model

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Published：2020-08-12
Extrusion feature extraction of range image based on voxel directed connectivity

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 930-936(2009)

Abstract：Aiming to the extrusion feature from the range image, this paper presents a extraction method based on voxel connectivity and region growth. The voxel model of range image data is built with linear octree, and the searching algorithm of voxel neighbors is improved; Region growth is realized with the connectivity of seed voxel in the specific direction, then the seeds are judged and the extrusion feature data are extracted. This method is applied to liquid cabin range image data and the results of extraction are discussed.

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Published：2020-08-12
Mechanism and implementation of one class support vector machines in fast foreign real-time recognition

Vol. 17, Issue 4, Pages: 937-942(2009)

Abstract：Aim at the color difference between the regular materiel and the foreign and randomicity of foreign color in fast foreign real-time recognition, the specialities of OC-SVM using in foreign recognition are studied, and an approach to real-time recognition based on hypersphere one-class support vector machines is presented. In this method, the color distributing of the regular materiel is obtained though OC-SVM, that is to find out the foreign whose color are not in the range of the regular materiel. To solve the OC-SVM, centrifugal coefficient ω is presented, and Zoutendijk fastest decline method is adopted to seek working set, so as to predigest SMO method. The result of experiment shows, this meshod can reduce about 20% CPU time than LibSVM; contrast to one dimension normal distribution and three dimension normal distribution fitting algorithm, the general accuracy of recognition is 8~10% higher by using this method, especially for some foreign whose color are similar to that of regular materiel.
Keywords：Hypersphere One-class Support Vector Machines;Randomicity of Foreign Color;Foreign;Sequential Minimal Optimization

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