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Issue 9 ， 2009

Article

Design for Thermal Control System of Electronic Equipment of Space Camera
CHEN Li-heng,WU Qing-wen,LUO Zhi-tao,DONG Ji-hong,JIANG Ffan
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2145-2152(2009)

Abstract：Abstract: Thermal control system of electronic equipment of space camera was designed and simulated for resolving the problem of its heat dissipation. Thermal design of the electronic components, printed circuit board (PCB) and their chassis is researched with the approaches of conduction and radiation. Thermal analysis of the thermal control system was dealt with software code TMG according to its space environment and structure characteristics. The die temperature of the electronic components was calculated. The results show that the range of temperature of PCB is from 35.6℃ to 45.0℃, the range of temperature of electronic components are from 45.4℃ to 88.5℃, thermal design scheme of the electronic equipment of space camera is feasible and reasonable.
Keywords：space optics;space camera;electronic equipment;thermal control system;simulation

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Published：2020-08-12
FBG Strain Sensor Based On Online Forming

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2069-2075(2009)

Abstract：Based on a novel thermal stress mechanism and an online-forming technology, the FBG strain sensor was designed and manufactured. This sensor cannot only compensate temperature drift but enhance stain sensitivity. This package method solves the glue-aging problem to a certain extent and a problem being unable to test stain. The results are as follows: this package was shown to have a near zero shift and a high strain sensitivity of 1.7pm/με in this proposed self-compensated package

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Experiment system of 400mm thin-mirror active optics

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2076-2083(2009)

Abstract：Active optics experiment is carried out with a 400mm diameter,12mm thickness spherical mirror, the mirror surface was corrected by the 12 axial active support. In the experiment, the mirror surface was tested by interferometer, and the damp least square method is used to determine the active corrective force. The initial surface error is 1.22 wavelength RMS, after correction ,the surface error is 0.12wavelength RMS，near the error after the mirror polishing 0.1wavelength RMS. The experiment shows the active correct procedure is correct and feasible.

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Published：2020-08-12
Illumination system design for ocular wavefront aberration measurement

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2084-2090(2009)

Abstract：Illuminate the ocular by narrow parallel beam when measuring high power aberration ocular would debase the precision of wavefront measurement. This paper designs and realizes an auto adjustable illumination system, adds a position adjustable collimation lens in the inlet beam path, adjusting which can precisely alter the diopter of illumination light source. The motorized stage can exactly and rapidly scan and locate the position of collimation lens. This paper measures model eye aberrations, and compares the experiment data by using narrow parallel beam illumination and results by using adjustable illumination system. The result shows that after improvement of illumination system, the signal-noise ratio was improved from 2:1 to 10:1; the result when measuring a -5D model eye is -5.041D±0.157D, while the former result -4.285D±0.208D. Thus, the improved illumination system obviously increases the signal to noise ratio of hartmann-shack sensor and makes the measurement result preciser.
Keywords：ocular aberration;illumination system;Hartmann-Shack sensor;motorized stage

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Published：2020-08-12
Research on Precision Adjustment of Axial Spacing of Antenna in Satellite Optical Communication Terminal

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2091-2098(2009)

Abstract：Optical antenna consisting of objective lens and eyepiece lens plays a very important role in satellite optical communication terminal whether emitter or receiver, and its assembly accuracy were normally assured by interferometer. However, the focus of objective and eyepiece under testing will constantly change corresponding to its design parameter because the operating wavelength of interferometer differs from that of optical antenna. As a result, only the adjustments of lateral optical aberration were accomplished by using interferometer, but the axial spacing between objective and eyepiece was not still determined quantificationally. In order to determine axial spacing of various optical antennas with different wavelengths by utilizing the same interferometer, the relation between wavelength and axial spacing must be studied. In this paper, a relationship between axial spacing derivation of optical antenna and corresponding alterative number of interference fringes was deduced based on optical path difference, hence axial spacing of optical antenna would be adjusted accurately according to this formula. Emulation results proofs validation of formula, and it also shows that corresponding assembly accuracy can meet requirements of satellite optical communication terminal completely.

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1750108 false

Published：2020-08-12
The accuracy analysis on exposure time of a curtain-type shutter

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2098-2105(2009)

Abstract：To confirm the relationship between parameters of the curtain-type shutter and the exposure accuracy, the expression of exposure time is calculated. The main factors impacting the exposure time accuracy is analysed, and the errors is calculated with method of errors synthesized, provide the basis for the design. First, the expression of exposure accuracy is calculated according the principle of curtain-type shutter and its exposure time. Then, the analysis and calculation is done about the parameters of exposure time in the expression with method of errors synthesized. Finally, exposure accuracy is worked out on aero-camera. The experiment results indicated that: the slit width on the curtain-type shutter is proportional to exposure time between 1/100s-1/1000s, with the slit width increased the exposure time accuracy is also increased. The minimum exposure time accuracy is 6.4%, higher than the accuracy of 8.59% which is calculated on theory. The errors influenced by slit is 3.6 times as that influenced by velocity. The exposure time accuracy can be higher with the slit width increased.
Keywords：Curtain-type shutter;exposure time;error analysis;exposure accuracy

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Published：2020-08-12
Preparation and UV-enhanced properties of Zn2SiO4:Mn thin-films used to CCDS

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2106-2111(2009)

Abstract：In order to enhance the UV-response of CCD & CMOS sensors,an piece of UV-enhanced film is coated on the photosurface of CCD & CMOS sensors,which is a very useful method to enhance the UV-response of CCD & CMOS sensors. Zn2SiO4:Mn, owing the properties of small particle size, well-stabilizing and high-luminescence QE, has very wide useful vistas in the field of enhance UV-response of CCD & CMOS sensors. This experiment prepared the Zn2SiO4:Mn thin-films on quartz substrates by the spin-coated method, and measured the transmission spectrum, absorption spectrum,excitation and emission spectrum of Zn2SiO4:Mn thin-films. The result show that the thin-film has steady low transmission when the wavelength less than 300nm and steady high teansmission when the wavelength more than 300nm. It is to say that the thin-film can absorb light which wavelength less than 300nm but can’t absorb more than 300nm. More importantly,the excitation peak of the film is at 265nm and the emission peak is at 525nm. Meanwhile this experiment has analyzed the thickness and smoothness of the Zn2SiO4:Mn thin-films.The result show that the Zn2SiO4:Mn thin-film is a kind of nice thin-film which used to enhance UV-response of CCD & COMS sensors.
Keywords：Zn2SiO4:Mn;image sensor;UV-response;thin-film

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Published：2020-08-12
Simulation of neutron pulse speciality chopped by disk

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2112-2119(2009)

Abstract：In order to better carry out neutron chopper design, simulation of neutron pulse speciality formed by single disc and Double-Disc respectively. According to the single-cut and double-cut the structural model and corresponding physical parameters, Simulation is done by the internationally popular Mcstas simulation software. We got the influence curve of physics parameters for chop disk, discuss the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the neutron pulse generated by the single disk and double-disk. For opposite ratate direction Double-Disc chopper, the second cut-width of the window should be less than 34 mm in a specific physical parameters. The results can be as the referrence and theoretical support for the chopper's optimize design and manufacture.
Keywords：Neutron chop disk;Physics parameters;Mcstas codes;Neutron stream pulse

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749697 false

Published：2020-08-12
A Hybrid Inversion Algorithm Applied in Laser Scattering Particle Size

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2120-2127(2009)

Abstract：A hybrid algorithm, which combined the characteristics of the conjugate gradient iteration, regularization and Successive Over Relaxation technique(SOR), is proposed. The process of convergence can be speeded up and the smoothness of the solution can be enhanced by means of the conjugate gradient iteration as the pre-iteration of next SOR iteration. The solution obtained from the first step treatment is used as the initial solution for the second step. The two-segment method can achieve an accurate and stable final solution to this problem. This method is examined with the national standard particulate samples and the theoretical noisy signal. The results show good properties and is able to distinguish multi-peak particle size distribution (PSD) and robust against the noisy signal.
Keywords：laser;light energy;particle size analysis;inversion algorithm

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1750081 false

Published：2020-08-12
High resolution temperature control system based on pulse drive current for laser range finder

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2128-2135(2009)

Abstract：Laser diode (LD) and avalanche photodiode (APD) are crucial components for laser range finding. Their performances are influenced by temperature, which limits the measuring resolution of laser range finder. So the temperature control system is necessary. As LD and APD are low power components, Self-heating effect of Pt resistance influences the resolution of temperature control system. The main error sources using Platinum resistor in temperature measuring were analyzed in detail, a new set of circuit based on pulse current drive was proposed. The models of pulse current drive circuits and its equivalent heat loop of self-heating are set up. The relationship of pulse width and heat quantity accumulation is given. The experiments showed that the measuring error from the self-heating effect decreased sharply by controlling the pulse width properly. The Platinum resistor nonlinear is compensated which employed the high-order orthogonal polynomial method. The high precision of compensation is proved by comparison tests of the temperature measuring module and the absolute standard Platinum resistance thermometer. The maximum error absolute value is less than 0.0006o at different temperature in 0o~15o . The stability of temperature is better than ±0.005o in the controlled temperature range and meets the need of accuracy in range finder system.
Keywords：laser range finder;temperature control;pulse drive current;self-heating effect

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1750089 false

Published：2020-08-12
Design and Realization of Digital Simulation System for Detecting Image of Orbiting Optical Camera

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2136-2144(2009)

Abstract：As the CAE technology developed, detecting image simulation plays a more and more important role during the feasibility argumentation, scheme argumentation, scheme design, design, manufacture, fabrication, and test of orbiting optical camera for space-based measurement. In this paper, relative kinematics model and catoptrics character model, imaging model of camera, and imaging model of background stars are built and the digital simulation system for detecting image of orbital optical camera is designed and realized on the base of analyzing the measurement principle and work environment of space-based optical camera, when the camera performing the mission of space-based optical measure. Measurement noises and detecting sensitivity are analyzed and the effect of all kinds of disturb factors on the image are taken into accounts in the simulation modeling. Equivalent calculation from the visible magnitude of background stars to instrument magnitude is conducted through the detecting wave band of the camera to improving the fidelity of simulated images. Finally, the simulation software is realized by means of Visual C++ and OpenGL on the base of designing the simulation flow.

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749688 false

Published：2020-08-12
Optimal Control For Soft Landing of Lunar Probe

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2153-2158(2009)

Abstract：A method of applying nonlinear program to solve optimal control problem of lunar probe soft landing under finite thrust is studied. Based on Pontryagin maximum principle, the lunar soft landing problem is transformed into a two-point boundary value problem. Considering bound condition and transversality condition, the resulted two-point boundary value problem then is converted into parameters optimization problem aiming at the initial values of conjugate variables and the terminal time which is solved by nonlinear programming. To reduce the sensitivity of conjecturing initial values, the initial values of control variables are instead of the initial values of conjugate variables by using a transformation. The result of the simulation demonstrates the proposed design scheme is simple and effective.

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Data process of spectroscopy surface plasmon resonance analyzer based on noise analysis

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2159-2164(2009)

Abstract：The resolution of spectroscopy SPR (surface plasmon resonance) analytical instruments is mostly depended on the sensitivity of sensors and the wavelength resolution, which is relate to the instrument noise levels. But, as we know, the wavelength range of high-resolution spectroscopy is usually very narrow. In order to obtain higher resolving and widen the dynamic range, we analyses the noise sources and their type. These noises can be divided into two types based on the relation to the light source intensity. One is the noise in the intensity of light emitted by the light source and the shot noise, the other is the noise caused by temperature and supporting circuitry. SPR curve, which are involved in data analysis, has been optimized with the signal to noise ratio of spectroscopy SPR analytical instruments. The optimization result is that the optimization SPR cure should be between the Reflectance R1 corresponding to strongest SPR signal and the Reflectance R2 corresponding to strongest signal to noise ratio. And we put forward a part centroid method for data analysis. The experimental results indicate that the analytical instruments resolution has been improved by nearly ten times; the dynamical range of measurement has been enlarged two times. The Glycerin solutions, which are the Refractive index between 1.3325 and 1.3600, are tested. The correlation coefficients are larger than 0.99, that mean this method has not caused unfavorable influence on the result linearity.
Keywords：surface plasmon resonance;biosensors;noise analyzing;data processing

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Published：2020-08-12
Instantaneous Three-Dimensional Profile Measurement of Tail fin of Carp

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2165-2169(2009)

Abstract：A method for instantaneous three-dimensional profile measurement of carp tail fin is proposed. The moiré fringes containing the three-dimensional information of a continually swimming carp tail fin, generated by the interference of the grating lines and their shadows, are captured by a high-speed CCD camera. Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) method is adopted to analyze the time-sequence fringe patterns. The phase unwrapping method is used to unwrap the phase in the kinematic process, the instantaneous three-dimensional profile is obtained and the continually moving configurations of tail fin of carp is reconstructed.
Keywords：optical measurement;shadow moiré;Fourier transform;tail fin of carp;instantaneous three-dimensional profile

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1750127 false

Published：2020-08-12
A Silicon microchannel heat sink for high-power laser diode arrays
YANG Tao
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2170-2175(2009)

Abstract：Taguchi robust design method is applied to the design of silicon roof-like microchannel heat sinks. Orthogonal experiments are designed and signal-noise ratios calculated to carry out the robust optimization of key parameters. Laser diode bars are welded on a prototype heat sink to test its thermal resistance. The active region temperature rise of the middle bar is estimated using the temperature coefficient of GaAs laser wavelength. Experimental results show that the thermal resistance per unit area is 0.070 K•cm2/W, which agrees with that calculated with the finite element method.
Keywords：laser diode array;microchannel heatsink;robust design;numerical heat transfer analysis;packaging

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749733 false

Published：2020-08-12
Dome-shaped flexible microelectrode arrays for neural stimulation

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2176-2183(2009)

Abstract：In order to enable electrode sites to get closer to target neurons, obtain a better stimulation and minimize the electrochemical erosion of electrode, we proposed dome-shaped flexible neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for neural applications. With the use of photosensitive polyimide (Durimide 7510) as substrate, a flexible microelectrode with 6 × 6 array of dome-shaped electrode sites was fabricated by combining photolithography and metal-patterning with electroplating process. Each electrode site has a diameter of 150 μm and a height of 50 μm. An evaluation of the dome-shaped electrode was also performed by simulation, SEM and resistance test. Experimental results showed, compared with conventional planar microelectrodes with the same base area, the 3D dome-shaped microelectrodes exhibited an 80% decrease in electrode impedance. The dome-shaped electrodes produce more uniform current distribution than the 3D pyramid-shaped microelectrodes do, which is helpful for its long-term safety of stimulation.
Keywords：Stimulation electrode;Dome-shaped flexible electrode;Microelctrode array;Current density.

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Numberical analysis and experiment of current-fluid coupling in micro-electroforming

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2184-2190(2009)

Abstract：Micro-electroforming is a key technology of UV-LIGA. It plays an important part in MEMS technology and micro-nano manufacture. In order to explore the inherent laws of micro-electroforming, the cathode current density and the fluid field relevant to the growth of electroforming layer is studied with numerical simulation method. Taken the micro-mold of micro-fluidic chip as the research object, the mathematical model is established. The current density and the fluid field are described with partial differential equation separately. Then the 3D numerical simulation of the micro-electroforming model has been performed with the finite element method. The simulated result of current density distribution and the fluid field distribution is gotten. Chosen measuring points in crossing electroforming layer, the simulated growth height during 4 hour electroforming may be calculated based on the simulated data of the current density and the velocity of fluid at the measuring points. Finally, the simulated growth height of electroforming layer is compared with growth height got from the micro-electroforming experiment under the same technological condition. The result indicated that the trend of the simulated growth height of electroforming layer is similar to the experimental growth height to corresponding measuring points. The absolute deviation between simulated growth height and the corresponding experimental growth height is low. The maximum deviation is 4.437μm, the minimum deviation is 0.264μm. The kind of method may be used aided technology analysis and design in micro-electroforming, and may reduce the developing time of micro-electroforming technology.
Keywords：micro-electroforming;Cathode current density;fluid;3D numerical simulation

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749980 false

Published：2020-08-12
Application of control system based on acceleration to disturbance compensation

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2191-2198(2009)

Abstract：A new control method of disturbance compensation based on acceleration signals is proposed to enhance the servo function of the speed control system of a DC torque motor in a precise photoelectric stabilizedplatform and to make the system have better dynamical functions and stronger abilities of disturbance rejection. In this method, a nominal controller is established and a rejection observer is created using acceleration signals to compensate quickly and precisely the external disturbance and to reduce the effect of the model error. Thus the dynamical function and the disturbance rejection ability are enhanced. The experiment result shows that this control method can improve the dynamic performance of the motor control system,which accelarates motor responds and restrains orershoots.For the step external disturbance, the system speed only shows a pulse fluctuation with a width of 0.1 s, and the amplitude is one half of that of PID controller. Besides, the control system is robust towards the uncertainty of the motor model. These results show that the method with magnificent effects and good applications is very suitable for engineering.

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1750374 false

Published：2020-08-12
The structure design of no-guide apparatus precise displacement platform structure

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2199-2205(2009)

Abstract：A new precise displacement platform is made to perfect the capability of the displacement platform used in the correlative fields of mechanics nowadays, improve the displacement straightness, position accuracy and make it lower cost. The no-guide apparatus precise platform is developed for this purpose, and its development is based on the theories of parallelogram and proportional lever. It is not only to be proved to accord to the requirement above, but also easy to install and maintain, and it takes smaller space ,which could be used in weightless condition. So it could be used in the field of spaceflight and the other precise displacement systems. Key words: no-guide apparatus; high precision; displacement platform; parallelogram; proportional lever drive structure
Keywords：no-guide apparatus;high precision;displacement platform;parallelogram;proportional lever drive structure

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749971 false

Published：2020-08-12
Deformation design of Long-Spherical Hollow Rotor of Electrostatic Suspended Gyroscope
Tao Li-Zhi,Xinming Sun
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2206-2211(2009)

Abstract：According to the load elastic distortion formula of theory for elasticity shell, making use of small distortion independent action and synthesis theory, built superposition formula of surface distortion produced by radial load and centrifugal load for ESG hollow Be rotor. And built up a long spherical hollow Be rotor with long-polarized and short-equatorial. The long spherical hollow Be rotor designed by radial deformation have a better sphericity in high-speed rotation. Finally, used a sample to show the long spherical hollow rotor's design, processing and survey, which with long-polarized and short-equatorial.
Keywords：electrostatic suspended gyroscope;spherical hollow Be rotor;long spherical hollow Be rotor

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1750366 false

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Measurement and Correction for Micro-displacement of Piezoceramic Tube

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2212-2217(2009)

Abstract：This paper introduces a simple way to measure and correct micro-displacement of piezoramic tube with intended use in atom force microscope. The X/Y micro-displacement is detected by an eddy current meter and then 100 times amplified. D/A for producing the control voltage and A/D for acquiring micro-displacement are both16 bits. The highest resolution of displacement is calculated to be 0.4nm. According to the working feature of the tube, nonlinear correction is realized by applying non-equidistant control voltage series while scanning to equidistant pixel. The non-equidistant control voltage series in the demand of different pixel resolution is obtained through interpolation based on the measured displacement-voltage relationship. By adopting the labVIEW technology the proposed system can easily adjust the scan frequency and pixel resolution for the tube. The maximum hysteresis error before and after correction are 10.1% and 0.4% respectively.
Keywords：piezoceramic tube;eddy current meter;nonlinear correction;virtual instrument

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749961 false

Published：2020-08-12
Design of biochemical sensor based on highField Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry
LI Hua,WANG Xiao-hao,TANG Fei,LIN Zhen-xiang
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2218-2223(2009)

Abstract：A novel biochemcal sensor based on a highField Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry(FAIMS) theory is fabricated and characterized, which is mainly composed of an ionization source, a drift tube and a detector. By taking a VUV lamp as the ionization source and choosing an acetone with nitrogen (99.999%) as the carrier gas, the biochemical sensor works at ambient pressure.Moreover, two kinds of drift tubes consisting of two parallel plate electrodes are fabricated. One drift tube with the dimension of 25 mm×10 mm×1 mm is composed of two copper planar electrodes, the other with the dimension of 20 mm×10 mm×1.5 mm is fabricated by Micro ElectroMechanical System(MEMS ) technology. For the former, the gap between the two drift tubes is 1 mm and the electrical field is above 10 000 V/cm; but for the latter, the gap between MEMS drift tube is 1.5 mm and the electrical field is less than 10 000 V/cm, which can not separate the acctone. With a peakpeak of rectangular asymmetric waveform voltage up to 1 600 V,a frequency of 195.8 kHz,a duty cycle of 30% and a compenstaion voltage of -8.63 V, the acetone displacement is compensated and the sensor ability to separate ions is demonstrated by an experiment using the planar copper drift tube.

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Published：2020-08-12
Optimization design of scroll and pitch and their control errors on aerocraft
YAN De-Jie
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2224-2229(2009)

Abstract：In order to obtain high signal noise ratio and high resolution image, the requirements for the scope of scroll angle and pitch angle is put forward by analyzing the influence of aircraft scroll and pitch movement on image quality. According to the mechanism of camera image motion, the formula for calculating the image motion which caused by scroll and pitch of aerocraft and the image motion are given. The image quality is evaluated by way of the Modulation Transform Function（MTF）, and the scopes of scroll angle and pitch angle that can meet the requirements of the space camera image quality are computed. Furthermore, the influence of scroll angle and pitch angle on ground pixel resolution is analyzed. From calculations, the following conclusions are derived. When the control error of scroll angle and pitch angle is 0.1° during the imaging, the angle of axis of sight caused by scroll angle and pitch angle is not greater than 4.8°; or when the control error of scroll angle and pitch angle is 0.05° during the imaging, the angle of axis of sight caused by scroll angle and pitch angle is not greater than 9.5°,which can meet the requirements of the integration progression is 96 and MTF is not less than 0.95. The experimental results indicate that the method proposed is simple and easy to implement, which is suitable for the research on image quality of space camera.
Keywords：space camera;scroll and pitch;Image motion;Modulation Transform Function(MTF);image quality

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Published：2020-08-12
Study on Increasing Update Data Rate of Star Sensor

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2230-2235(2009)

Abstract：Star sensor is the high precision optical sensor which is widely used in attitude measurement of the spacecraft nowadays. Low volume, low power consumption, high precision and high update rate are common features of the development of star sensor. In this paper, the composition of update time is presented, and the parallel processing mechanisms using pipelining method are analyzed emphatically. In addition, the sequential mode, two and three cycles pipelining mode are realized on the engineering prototype and the comparison of three actual realization results are given. Finally, multi-head star sensor method and software interpolation method for increasing update rate of the star sensor are introduced.
Keywords：star sensor;update rate;pipelining;Parallel processing

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749951 false

Published：2020-08-12
Algorithms of Particle Swarm Optimizer Tracking Based on DSP Parallel System

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2236-2240(2009)

Abstract：Abstract： Aiming at the existent question that serial PSO algorithms has big calculation and speed slow, we propose a parallel PSO algorithms based on DSP parallel system. The algorithm adopts the information transfer model and single population Master-Slave model in 4 DSP parallel system.The initialize setting is realized by DSP-A, the adapt value of every particle are parallel computed by DSP-B,DSP-C and DSP-D.Finally, by DSP-A to compare to the adapt value of every particle and it’s individual extremum, and to choice better individual extremum and compare to choice best solution of entire population ,and the update every particle position and speed.The simulation experiments show that the algorithms is compare to serial PSO algorithms that get 2.525 acceleration and 63.13% deficiency Keywords：Target tracking; Parallel PSO algorithms; DSP; Parallel system
Keywords：target tracking;Parallel PSO algorithms;DSP;Parallel system

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Published：2020-08-12
Implementation of a Novel Hyper-speed FFT processor based on FPGA

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2241-2246(2009)

Abstract：In order to realize the optic-electronic detection precisely, the increase of FFT computing speed is the main subject in these detection systems and that parallel computing and pipeline structure are the basic technologies to achieve high speed of large scale FFT computing. The FFT processor is a hybrid architectures including parallel processing and SDF (single—path delay feedback) pipeline based on FPGA chip. The memory cost of the processor decreased compared with the full parallel architecture while the speed is higher than the SDF pipeline architecture. The algorithm and design model for the processor was established and the three modules of the processor according to the design model were optimized to decrease resource cost greatly while the speed is higher than generous pipeline architectures．Verified with the FPGA simulations and hardware circuits’ platform in lab, the results show that the design achieves the operating frequency at 150MHz and the data throughout exceed 600 Msps.
Keywords：Fast Fourier Transform;Pipeline Architecture;Parallel processing;FPGA

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<CITATION> <Bulk Citation> 1749941 false

Published：2020-08-12
Analysis and design of robust self-tuning IMC for opto-electronic tracking system

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2247-2254(2009)

Abstract：Opto-electronic tracking system has developed rapidly and has been used widely in the military area and civil area such as missile seeker, airborne opto-electronic(O-E) reconnaissance, optical measuring equipment in shooting range etc. Considering the measurement time-delay and plant model uncertainty, a robust internal model control(IMC) strategy is designed for the opto-electronic tracking system. Equations for designing the IMC controller from gain and phase margin specifications are derived in detail. The robust stability condition under plant/model mismatch is derived. The optimization method based on quadratic cost function is introduced to adjust online controller parameter. Experimental result that the tracking precision is less than 1 mil, show that the proposed design method is effective to overcome tracking error causing by measurement time-delay of imaging tracker.
Keywords：Opto-electronic tracking system;IMC;Quadratic cost function;Robust stability

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Published：2020-08-12
Wavelet filter and singularity analysis applied to the evaluation of 3D surface roughness

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2255-2261(2009)

Abstract：In the domain of mechanical manufacture, the information from product surface was vitally important to supervising the surface manufacture. Compared with 2-Dimensional (2-D) information, the 3-Dimensional (3-D) information of surface texture as a hot research topic could more fully present the characteristics of machined surface. For the existence of vibration coming from mechanical transmission system and environment, the extracted surface by contact measurement sometimes included error ingredients, which presented characters of singularity. At present, wavelet transform was very useful to signal processing. In order to exclude the error ingredients mentioned above, a wavelet singularity analysis was adopted in the surface evaluation. Its principle and implementation algorithm were described in detail. In the experiment, the wavelet singularity analysis was used to preprocess the measured data first, and then the roughness profile was extracted by wavelet filter and Gaussian filter, the 3-D roughness results of which wre compared with each other. The computation and comparison proved that the algorithm was valid and more reasonable evaluation results could be obtained.
Keywords：wavelet analysis;singularity detection;surface roughness;wavelet filter;Gaussian filter

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Published：2020-08-12
Low Complexity Image Compression Scheme for Hardware Implementation

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2262-2268(2009)

Abstract：As ordinary image compression algorithm and the codec implemented in DSP or computer can not satisfy the demands of high speed image compression applications. Proposing an image compression algorithm for implementation on VLSI or FPGA with high performance becomes the key point of realizing high speed image compression. A low complexity image compression scheme based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was proposed in this paper, which was based on 3 levels DWT, optimal quantization of DWT coefficients and a coder which combined adaptive zeros run-length coding and Exp-Golomb coding. This scheme was successful on low computational complexity, easy realization and achieving relatively high performance in compressing various images, which can be easily realized in FPGA for high speed image compression at 175Mpixel/s.
Keywords：wavelet transform;Opt-Quantization;Zeros Run Length Coding;Exp-Golomb Coding;image compression

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Published：2020-08-12
Computed Tomography Image Edge Degradation Model and its Application to Image Size Measurement
Chen Ping,Jin-Xiao Pan
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2269-2275(2009)

Abstract：In this paper, in order to improve the precision of image size measurement, a new arithmetic of size measurement is presented by constructing the approximate function of edge degradation. First this arithmetic constructs the approximate function of edge degradation, and confirms the optimal point of edge detection according to the information of image intensity and inflexions. Then in order to accurately extract the information of image edge, this constructed function is used to revise the primary image; hence the measurement of CT image is accomplished. Excellent results are obtained on the simulation and experiment. This new arithmetic can effectively extract the information of CT image edge，and get an accurate measurement result.
Keywords：Industrial Computed Tomography;size measurement;edge extraction;Approximate Function;Inflexion

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Published：2020-08-12
Image feature extraction and matching technology

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2276-2282(2009)

Abstract：In order to improve the stability and reliability of image matching, this paper applied the scale invariant feature transform algorithm to image matching. First, uses SIFT method to get the special point and its feature. Then, matches the features with the criterion of nearest neighbor based on confidence. After experiments on different images, the results prove that the features extracted by SIFT method have excellent adaptive and accurate characteristics, which are useful for the fields of image recognition and image reconstruction.
Keywords：feature matching;Scale Invariant Feature Transform;SIFT feature;confidence

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Published：2020-08-12
Inspection of on surface mounted IC devices with edge and color features

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2283-2291(2009)

Abstract：According to the in-line inspection requirements of the surface mounted IC (integrated circuit) components, an inspection algorithm based on the edge integral projection and color statistical features was presented. Firstly, the feature of the IC components under three colors (red,greed,blue) structure light source was analyzed. Secondly, the horizontal and vertical edges were extracted with the Sobel arithmetic operator. Based on the integral projection of the edges, the horizontal and vertical borders of the IC leads were obtained by the maximum neighbor gradient and the sliding filter window algorithm, respectively. After location the leads, the defects such as missing components, wrong components, shifts and skews were inspected. Finally, the statistical color features in HSI (Hue, Saturation, intensity) space were extracted to inspect the defects of leads lift and wrong polarity. Experiment results show that the proposed method can identify the defects of the IC components effectively. The total success rate was high while the speed was fast.

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Published：2020-08-12
Partially Overlapped Sub-Block Histogram Equalization Based on Recursive Equal Area Separateness

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2292-2300(2009)

Abstract：The traditional histogram equalization is unable to keep the input image brightness, when enhancing the image details. Based on partially overlapped sub-block histogram equalization algorithm (POSHE), recursive separateness method is used in the process of sub-block histogram equalization. An advanced partially overlapped local histogram equalization algorithm is proposed. The sub-block image is separated recursively into different sub-images with the cumulative density function (CDF). Then each sub-image histogram is equalized within its respective gray range, and all the sub-images are incorporated into the equalized sub-block. Both linear and bilinear interpolation are used in the equalized sub-block based on step size avoiding the generation of the blocking effects and the influence on the image details. The simulation results show that the local details are enhanced, and the input image brightness is also preserved effectively. Finally, the influence on the image details is eliminated by avoiding the blocking effects, and more natural visual impression can be seen in the equalized image.
Keywords：local histogram equalization;recursive separate;brightness preservation;blocking effect

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Published：2020-08-12
Fast Color Transfer Method for Image Fusion

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2301-2310(2009)

Abstract：With linear YCBCR space and Reinhard’s statistical color transfer strategy, a color transfer method for image fusion, named YCBCR color transfer method, is proposed to produce a fused image with a natural daytime color appearance. This approach has low computational complexity, and is very suitable for color image fusion. Furthermore, it facilitates enhancing the luminance contrast of the color fused image by replacing the luminance component of the color fused image with the high-contrast grayscale fused image. The paper mathematically proves that color spaces conforming to the general YCBCR space framework, such as YUV space, can be used as an alternative to YCBCR space in color transfer. Experimental results demonstrate that YCBCR color transfer method is able to give color fused image a natural daytime color appearance, and has better capability of recoloring color fused image than Reinhard’s approach.
Keywords：color transfer;Color image fusion;YCBCR transformation;infrared image;visible image

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Published：2020-08-12
Approach to dim and small target detection based on fuzzy classification

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2311-2320(2009)

Abstract：In order to achieve robust dim and small target detection in the infrared cloud clutter, a new approach based on fuzzy classification is proposed. Different kinds of class regions are extracted from the query image to get several classification models, which can describe different classes in the image exactly. Classification based on such models will classify the image effectively and achieve robust dim and small target detection. Firstly, analysis of dim and small infrared target image is performed. Eleven kinds of class regions are proposed to describe sky, cloud and the target in the image. Then class feature vector and class kernel are defined. Class kernels of eleven class regions are extracted from the query image. At last, class similar coefficient and class similarity degree are defined according to the fuzzy classification theory. Image classification and class merge are performed. Target detection is achieved by reserving dim and small target class. Experimental results show that the proposed method describes different kinds of regions in the dim and small infrared target image effectively and provides robust dim and small infrared target detection in heavy background clutter.
Keywords：target detection;fuzzy classification;dim and small infrared target;class kernel

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Published：2020-08-12
Adaptive multi-spectrum object tracking of multi-feature fusion based on Rao-Blackwellized particle filter

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2321-2327(2009)

Abstract：Aiming at the problem of real time and reliability of visual object tracking in a clutter background, an adaptive fusion of color rectangle feature and Edge Orientation Histogram tracking algorithm based on Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter is put forward. To improve the tracking speed and precision, first, Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter is adopted to improve the filter performance, second, integral image is used to quickly compute the color rectangle feature and Edge Orientation Histogram, finally, fuzzy logic is applied to adaptively adjust each feature weight. The simulation result illustrates the algorithm is robust and effective at visible light and infrared object tracking under complex backgrounds.
Keywords：Rao-Blackwellized particle filter;multi-feature adaptive fusion;integral image;color rectangle feature;Edge Orientation Histogram

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Published：2020-08-12
Discontinuity preserving stereo matching using variable window
LU A-Li,Zhenmin TANG
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2328-2335(2009)

Abstract：Abstract：For solving the incorrect matching problem in computer vision, a stereo matching algorithm is proposed based on scanline optimization in an energy minimization framework and the best variable window as match cell. Firstly, a dissimilarity measure was introduced which combined intensity and gradient information. Secondly, according to cost function composed of the average measurement error, the variance of the errors and the error bias to larger windows, the best window of each disparity was chose as matching cue, and scanline optimization method was used to search optimum matching paths under the constraint that intensity variation accompanies depth discontinuities. Finally, a dense disparity map could be obtained by tracing the best paths. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only has better performance for processing the large low texture areas and depth discontinuities to get more smooth and accurate disparity maps, but also reduces computation cost which is almost three-fourths less than that of original algorithm.
Keywords：computer vision;stereo matching;dissimilarity measure;variable window;scanline optimization

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Published：2020-08-12
Real-time detection of airport runway by extracting line feature
DI Nan,Ming ZHU,Yi-nan Wang
Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2336-2341(2009)

Abstract：The chain codes based edge tracking and Hough transform which are the traditional methods for the line detection are sensitive to the noise and hard to satisfy the real time applications. This paper propose a novel method that combines improved chain codes based edge tracking (ICCBET) with improved Hough transform (IHT) to successfully detect the airport runway in real time. ICCBET primarily removes the short and curving lines to reduce the pixels and confirms the approximate orientation to shorten the angle range IHT processes in later. Furthermore, through using pyramid during HT stage, the computation cost is reduced considerably. Finally, we fix the memory by designing a chain list array for the image to avoid overflow arise from building chain list with memory dynamic allocation. Now, the algorithm is applied in the TMS320C6416 hardware system. The experiments on various images show that our method satisfies the real time need with about29 multiples computation reduction contrast to the original Hough transform and overcomes the blur and occlusion to localize the lines with high accuracy contrast to the original chain codes based edge tracking.

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Published：2020-08-12
Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter Based Track-before-Detect for Multi Weak Targets

Vol. 17, Issue 9, Pages: 2342-2349(2009)

Abstract：Rao-Blackwellized particle filter(RBPF) based track-before-detect(TBD) is proposed for detection and tracking of a variable number of weak targets which are moving in infrared image with low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). For multiple filters tracking multiple targets a constrained initialization function of new target is constructed by the states of the present targets. With RBPF the state vector can be partitioned as the linear state variable and the nonlinear state variable which can be respectively computed by Kalman filter and particle filter. The simulation results of the infrared image sequences show that constrained initialization can avoid the inference of present targets. RBPF-TBD can reduce the state’s estimation error and improve the detection probability . Efficiency of our algorithm is validated by the experiment in different space position.
Keywords：multi weak targets;Rao-Blackwellized particle filter;constrained initialization;present and absent

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Published：2020-08-12

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