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Latest Issue
Issue 4 ， 2003
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Development of a space soft X-ray and EUV normal incidence telescope
Abstract：While the progress in researches on space soft X-ray and EUV normal incidence telescopes world wide is reviewed, the space EUV normal incidence telescope designed and developed by Changchun institute of optics, fine mechanics and physics (CIOMP), is emphatically detailed. The telescope has four individual channels of multilayer coating normal incident optics with working wavelengths of 12.9 nm, 17.1 nm, 19.5 nm and 30.4 nm. The field of view and angular resolution are 0.2° and 0.5″, respectively. The telescope is capable of simultaneously imaging the sun at the four wavelengths.Keywords：space;Soft X-ray;EUV;multilayer coatings;telescope- 51
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Astronomical optical interference technology
Abstract：Combination of optical interference technology with telescope technology is one of the ways to raise the resolution of a telescope. The astronomical optical interference theory and several key technologies to realize the star light interference fringes, i.e. the sterostat system to gather star light, the optical delay line system to compensate optical path, the active mirror system to adjust the parallelness of interference beams, and the computer control system. The optical synthesis technology and the research status are briefed, and the future development of astronomical optical interferometer technology is forecast.Keywords：optical interference;optical synthesis;sterostat;optical delay line;active mirror- 66
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- 4
Published：2020-08-12 -
Status and development of in-pipe micro robots
Abstract：The in pipe micro robot is an important research area in the field of micro robot. It consists of two aspects. one is to walk in the hard pipe, which is widely used in many fields of the chemical engineering, nuclear power plant and refrigeration. The other is to walk in the flexible pipe, which is applied in the field of medical treatment, etc. The paper summarizes the research areas and direction of microrobotics, introduces the status in domestic and overseas fields of the in pipe micro robot.Keywords：micro robots;in-pipe;endoscopes- 57
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- 12
Published：2020-08-12 -
Status quo and future development of microrobot field driving technology
Abstract：Firstly, the characteristic and application of the external field driving technology used in microrobots are introduced; then the research advance is presented; finally some correlative technology problems and perspective in future are analyzed. Microrobots could absorb energy in no physical connection methods from some types of external energy field such as light, microwave, magnetic field and ultrasonic field, etc, so they are driven wirelessly, and the disadvantages of the power supply method of microrobots using cables or micro battery could be overcome.Keywords：microrobot;wireless power supply;external energy field driving technology;development- 46
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- 7
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- 2
Published：2020-08-12 -
Linear drive technology and its application to a magnetic levitation stage in the microelectronic field
Abstract：Having analyzed the features of the conventional mechanical drive mechanism, a new kind of precision positioning stage is presented in this paper, which adopts both magnetic levitation and linear drive technologies. This drive mechanism provides power with a linear synchronous motor avoiding friction,elastic distortion, hysteresis and non linear error, and can realize non contact support and guidance in the horizontal and vertical directions. The structure of the linear synchronous motor for the drive mechanism was designed, and its magnetic force was analyzed and calculated. The application of the linear drive technology in the driving mechanism makes the system respond quickly and be posited accurately. With characteristics of high stiffness,high accuracy and high efficiency, the driving mechanism can meet the needs of high accuracy and high efficiency at super clean condition in the micro electron manufacturing field.Keywords：linear drive;magnetic levitation stage;linear synchronous motor;digital PID control- 41
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- 8
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Fuzzy control system for longitudinal mobile platform of in-bundle robot
Abstract：An in-bundle robot was developed to meet the requirement of automatic video inspection on the pipes in the steam generators of nuclear power plants. The structure and principle of the in bundle robot are presented. The longitudinal mobile platform with the inspection module in place is actuated by a stepping motor moves along a guide rail intermittently. There is an acceleration and a deceleration each movement between two tube columns to prevent step loss and to improve efficiency. For the longitudinal mobile platform system which can not be set up accurately, fuzzy control theory has been applied to design the acceleration and deceleration curves of the stepping motor, and the fuzzy inference process is provided. The stepping motor controller is composed of a single chip computer and its peripheral circuits. The inference results were used to design the control program. Experiments testify that while the longitudinal mobile platform remains stable during acceleration and deceleration with total position error within the allowance, the in bundle robot has realized automatic video inspection of a steam generator model.Keywords：robot;Fuzzy control;steam generator;mobility;inspection- 69
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- 1
Published：2020-08-12 -
Reflectance calibration of different material soft X-ray planar mirrors by BSRF
Abstract：Beijing synchrotron radiation facility(BSRF) 3W1B beam line with beam current of 40～120 mA, storage ring electron energy of 2 GeV and photon energy of 50～1 500 eV was used to conduct experiments on the reflectance calibration method. The XRD detectors of planar mirror facility were replaced by AXUV 100, increasing the rate of signal versus noise by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, and the calibration region of 150～270 eV has been expanded to be 50～1 500 eV. The reflectivity calibration curves for 5℃, Si and Ni planar mirrors are given, and the values of experiment and calculation are compared and analyzed.Keywords：synchrotron radiation;planar mirror;Reflectance;calibration- 41
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- 4
Published：2020-08-12 -
Theory, design, manufacture and measurement of aberration reducing gratings
Abstract：Fermat's principle and light path functions were used to analyze the aberration of gratings. The groove pattern function was employed to express the curvature and groove space of aberration reducing gratings, and the dispersive system containing a single grating was discussed. The groove pattern function contains more information about the imaging properties of the grating than groove space, and there is no need to project the grooves. Several expressions of aberration reducing gratings are given. The design manufacture and measurement of aberration reduced gratings are discussed. And the gratings measured by interference.Keywords：groove pattern function;Aberration;aberration-reducing gratings- 60
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- 9
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Design of SR extraction mirror for BEPC synchrotron light measurement system
Abstract：The design of a SR extraction mirror for BEPC synchrotron light measurement system is presented and discussed in detail according to the latest request. The mirror employs GlidCop as its substrate can extract synchrotron light at 210～488 nm with reliable image quality. It can withstand a hot load of 7.8 W/mm 2,and be collimated and maintained or replaced without leaving its position, the static vaccum being better than 6.7×10-7Pa.- 52
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- 7
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Assessing the repeatability of dynamic measurement based on mean line
Abstract：The measurement repeatability is a critical specification in precision measurement. The assessment method for the repeatability of static measurement is clear and definite based on all kinds of technical codes such as ISO, GB, and so on, but the assessment method for the repeatability of dynamic measurement (RDM) is unclear and equivocal. With the equipment for dynamic measurement being employed more and more, how to assess RDM becomes a sophisticated problem. After reviewing the prevailing assessment method of RDM and identifying its limitations, the paper proposes a novel method for assessing RDM, which is based on the mean line of measurement data. The theoretic analysis of the new method and the comparison between the prevailing method and the new method are conducted. Furthermore, the examples of the computation of practical measuring data are given by means of the above mentioned methods. It is indicated, by the theoretic analysis and the computation, that new method can objectively reflect the dynamic measurement error in general. Finally, RDM and the repeatability of the characterized item in dynamic measurement are clarified. The new method is utilized to accept the new measuring instruments, and verified by measurement data. It is also applied to the assessment of measurement reproducibility.Keywords：dynamic measurement;measurement repeatability;measurement error;data processing- 55
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- 6
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- 2
Published：2020-08-12 -
Measurement and quality control of optical discs with atomic force microscope (AFM)
Abstract：Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in optical disc technology are summarized. AFM is ideally suited to the characterization of nanometer scale pit and bump structures in CD/DVD manufacturing, so the relationship between production variables and pits/bumps geometry as well as relations between pits/bumps geometry and electrical performance of discs can be established to perform direct quality control of CD/DVD manufacturing. Applications of AFM in optical disc technology mainly fall into three parts: qualitative analysis of topography of discs/stampers, semi quantitative analysis of pits/bumps geometry of discs/stampers and length analysis of data marks on bump with statistics technology. Qualitative analysis of topography of discs/stampers and semi quantitative analysis of pits/bumps geometry of discs/stampers are chiefly oriented to the measurements of high error rate at beginning of play, pit morphology and block error rate, track pitch variations, pit depth monitoring as well as bump morphology and its surface roughness. It is discovered that the efficiency of the cooling channels of the mold has deteriorated, resulting in the discs being separated from the stamper while they are too soft due to inadequate cooling in the area where high error rate and block error rate are frequently produced. Length analysis of data marks with statistics technology is aimed at the analysis of track pitch and pitch variation, bump length (offset, deviation, asymmetry) and AFM jitter, bump width and width variation, bump height and height variation as well as side wall angle (slope) and slope variation. Statistical analysis of AFM images yields important information about optical disc microstructure and in turn provides information about the performance of the manufacturing process. It is very useful to analyze geometric parameters by considering the fundamental length groups of the data marks. The obtained results demonstrate that AFM have particular advantages in the quality control of discs/stampers manufacturing.Keywords：atomic force microscope (AFM);optical disc;stamper;pit;bump;jitter- 65
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- 7
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- 1
Published：2020-08-12 -
Precise computation of planar straightness error using genetic algorithm
Abstract：The computation model established for the problem is described, and the key techniques of the GA based method including representation of chromosomes, generation of initial population, fitness function, and determination of genetic operators(selection, crossover and mutation, etc.) and stopping criteria for genetic operations, are discussed in detail. This algorithm was substantiated with typical examples and the results show that the GA-based method can be used to achieve precise computation of planar straightness errors.Keywords：Straightness;Error;genetic algorithm- 60
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- 14
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- 4
Published：2020-08-12 -
Using Kalmen filter technology establishment of attitude and course errors for measurement ship inertial navigation system
Abstract：In order to satisfy the need of testing the attitude and course of INS of measurement ship, the paper proposes a new method of using the Kalmen Filter to work out the attitude and course error. Analyzing the fundamental of INS calibration by theodolite and random wave of top. The calibrating attitude and course error of INS would deduce random wave error, so as to increase the measuring precision of the ship.Keywords：INS;Kalmen filter;calibration- 101
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- 8
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Design of a tobacco online foreign body eliminating systemn and its experiment
Abstract：This paper introduces the structure and working principle of a tobacco online foreign body eliminating system, and discusses the key techniques in its design. The testing experiments of sample machine are designed, and the results are analyzed. The HIS color model is used and the chroma is taken as the most characteristic parameter. The threshold value is set to distinguish whether the pixel belongs to tobacco or foreign body. Based on these, some pixels are set to constitute a judgement unit, then the proportion of pixels is counted, which belongs to foreign body, then it is distinguished whether the unit belongs to tobacco or foreign body based on this proportion. Finally, the detected result is provided. High-performance components and devices are employed to make the system. Direct operation on EMS memory is achieved by using image developing library. All above make the system operate realtimely on product line. The results of experiment indicate the sample machine can operate realimely on simulation online, and the distinguishing rate and eliminating rate to foreign body are preferable.Keywords：tobacco online foreign body eliminating system;HIS color model;direct operating on EMS memory;sample machine- 52
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- 3
Published：2020-08-12 -
Repetitive study control to compensate motor moment fluctuation
Abstract：To solve the jitter problem of a servo system at low speed, the repetitive control method is studied to check the non linear disturbances such as motor moment fluctuation for improving the stability of low speed. After analyzing the reason of motor moment fluctuation, the theoretical model and quantity of the fluctuation caused by the motor's alveolus effect are discussed, and some experiments are made in the practical model system. The results show that the theoretical analysis is correct, and the fluctuation is periodical. The repetitive control law is introduced to check the periodical fluctuation. The design method of this controller and the control system are also discussed. The sine tracking experiments for the speed loop with repetitive controller were conducted. The results show that the repetitive control compensates the system's dead zone very well at low speed or zero crossing, and the maximum tracking error is 0.72″.Keywords：low speed jitter;fluctuating moment;alveolus effects;repetitive learning control- 47
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- 5
Published：2020-08-12 -
Large file transfer based on Client/Server model
Abstract：When a CR image up to 21MB is transferred between two computers by parallel ports, the parallel port speed is 500 KB only and cannot meet the fast transfer requirement of the system. Therefore,it is proposed to establish a large file transfer based on Client/Server model. With the information acquirement system defined as client and the post processing system of image defined as server. The distributed system and Winsock architecture are discussed, then the developing process of communication under the environment of Visual C++ is described. As a result, a lager file transfer up to 21 MB can be reliably accomplished in 2 seconds.Keywords：client/server;winsock;file transfer- 50
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Prediction method for fading channels based on the diagonal slice of the fourth-order cumulant
Abstract：In a communication system, to implement adaptive transmission, the channel state information must be available at the transmitter. This paper presents a new algorithm to estimate and predict the state information of fading channel based on the diagonal slice of the fourth order cumulant. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the method proposed can be used to achieve better results than MMSE.Keywords：prediction;Communication;cumulant- 58
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- 6
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Image processor for autonomous searching of an opto-electronic tracker
Abstract：A special image processor has been designed to display the image of all searched space, resolving the discrepancy of quick searching and visual observing. For a warship bound mini opto electronic tracker, the dimension of searched area is 20 times of the instantaneous FOV vertically and horizontally. Thus, the searching FOV can be magnified from 1.7白1.3? to 34白26?. The image processor based on DSP TMS32010, sets up an additional memory of histogram and classification , realizing image sampling, memory, mosaic, display and alternating, suiting for the searching velocity of 42.5?/s, and obtain a search field of view 20 times larger than that of the optical system itself.Keywords：image processor;autonomous-searching;opto-electronic tracking- 50
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Fusion recognition of dot target multi-spectrum data based on ANN
Abstract：In order to solve dynamic small weak infrared object multi-spectrum data fusion problem, a multi period pattern recognition model has been established by using ANN parallel nets and D-S theory. This model solves the training time problem for single net with large numbers of samples because of importing of the parallel nets. The model was validated using dot infrared spectrum data with additive noise as target data source and the result of calculation indicate the recognition model has very strong multi-period uncertainty evidence focusing capability.Keywords：artificial neural networks;D-S theory;infrared weak object;recognition- 39
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study of 3-D image with a doublet
Abstract：The three dimensional supper resolution properties of a doublet are analyzed by the scalar theory of diffraction. The numerical results from the designed doublet show that the intensity of the main disk is 57.14 times as much as that of the secondary disk, and 2.25 times as much as that of the main disk produced by only using a single lens. And the radius of the main disk is 0.49 times as much as that of a single lens. Though the intensity rate of the main disk and the secondary disk along the optical axis is basically the same as that of a single lens, the depth of focus of the doublet is smaller than that of a single lens. These results indicate that the supper resolution in both transeverse and axial directions can be obtained meanwhile by the use of doublet. It is found by comparison that the 3-D imaging power of the doublet is better than those of either annular or phase pupils. Therefore, the doublet can become a perfect element in the 3-D imaging of confocal microscopes and in near field optical recording.Keywords：doublet;resolution;focal length;confocal 3-D imaging- 51
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- 3
Published：2020-08-12 -
Digital camera modeling of butting 9 CCD chips in the concentric spherical lens system
Abstract：Multi chip CCD integration is an important approach in research on optical instruments with wide field of view and accurate precision. Comparing some kinds of CCD integration methods, this system is based on the 9 integration area arrays CCD chips in one concentric spherical lens structure. At the end of this paper mathematic modeling of the camera and the image integration arithmetic are presented. Experiments show that the integration of 9 CCD chips with the field of view of 23白17? can be implemented.Keywords：concentric spherical lens system;multi-chip CCD integration;mathematic modeling- 49
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Published：2020-08-12
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