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Issue 6 ， 2001
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On Microscale Theory
Abstract：Along with the development and applications of nanomaterials, microdevices, microstructures and microsystems, the theoretical and technological study of microscale effects has formed a hot point of current scientific research and a drive-force of the microscale theory progress. The paper, based on the microscale dimension and the microscale regimes, gives a brief introduction to the microscale theory.- 63
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Circularity Error Evaluation Using Genetic Algorithm
Abstract：A genetic algorithm based method for form evaluation of a circle is proposed. Firstly, after an introduction to the background of the form error evaluation method and that of the genetic algorithm, a mathematical model of circularity error together with a fitness (evaluation) function is given in terms of the Mathematical Definition of Dimensional and Tolerancing Principles, which corresponds to the minimum zone definition and is easy for interpretation and computer implementation. Then, with the least square solution as the initial value, the whole implementation process of the genetic algorithm in the circularity evaluation is dwelt on. Finally, the simulation results of a quoted example are analyzed and a brief conclusion is given. The example simulation indicates that genetic optimization algorithm has such distinctive advantages as solving nonlinear and large space problems, converging to global optimum solution and convenience of implementation, etc., and it is quite suitable for the form error assessment.Keywords：circularity;genetic algorithm;error evaluation- 96
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Research on Precision Isolation System of Micro Manufacturing Platform
Abstract：In this paper, a structure model of the precision isolation system of micro manufacturing platform is presented. The isolation mechanics and organic texture of a woodpecker brain which has good isolation characteristics are studied, and then the structure model of the isolation system of the micro manufacturing platform is established based on bionics mechanics. In order to reduce thermal distortion caused by temperature rise of coil, a constant temperature cooling system is designed for giant magnetostrictive actuator. Considering complex vibration environment and self-nonlinearity of the micro manufacturing platform, the authors have designed a two dimensional fuzzy control system with two regulation factors. Finally,a set of precision isolation system is established which can be used effectively in micro manufacturing.Keywords：micro manufacturing platform;bionics mechanics;active vibration control- 47
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study of Micro Mechanical Size Inspection Technology by Microscope Precision Digital Image
Abstract：The microscope precision digital imaging which is obtained by means of a standard object made by means of semiconductor manufacturing technology or nanotechnology approach, the extraction of four-dimensional space error of microscope vision image system, and the real-time correction and calibration to achieve precision digital imaging are discussed. An example is given for inspection of a micro structure size of 7μm. It is an important research subject for the development and application of vision inspection technology in micro-mechanical size ranging from submicrometer to 10mm.Keywords：vision metrology;MEMS;micro part inspection- 42
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Research on a Large Travel and High Resolution Rotary Micro-driver Based on Micro-manipulation
Abstract：According to biology imitating theory, a large travel and high precision rotary micro driver with discrete layout has been developed. Due to the stepping mechanism with electro magnet anchor/loosen and PZT driving, the micro-driver realizes two-degree-of-freedom micro-displacement of optical mirror. Experiments show that the micro-driver realizes high resolution, large travel and variable step. Apart from optical micro driving, it can also be applied to large travel and high resolution rotary driving among some micro manipulations.Keywords：micro-manipulation;micro-driving;bionics imitating rotary micro-driver;electro-magnet anchor/loosen;piezoelectric elements (PZT)- 39
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Published：2020-08-12 -
In-pipe Video Detector for Small Pipes
Abstract：An in-pipe video detector for inspecting pipes of about 20mm in diameter is introduced. The structure consisting of a small CCD camera and LEDs for illumination is discussed, and the hardware for capturing and displaying images is described as well. With the method of histogram equalization, images captured by the detector are processed to obtain good and useful results, and they can be viewed easily and effectively by operators.Keywords：video detectors;industrial pipes;image processing- 55
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Scaling Effect of FMP Actuator and Swimming Microrobot
Abstract：The driving force and the scaling effect of ferromagnetic polymer (FMP) acutators are analyzed. The operation principle of the microrobot driven by FMP actuators is studied. Through scaling effect analysis, the possibility of scaling down the microrobot from centimeter size to millimeter size is proven. The result provides a theoretical base for developing FMP microrobots swimming in human blood vessel.Keywords：microrobots;scaling effects;swimming robots;Microactuators- 59
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Calculation of 3D Coordinates of the Points on a Micro Object in a Micro Operation System Using Simple Algorithm
Abstract：The complete, magnified 3D information about a micro object to be operated enables the operator to control his tools and operate a micro object as he does in daily life. It covers the shortage of the limitation of viewing field and the observing direction and the lack of depth information that exist when the operator performs his operation under the microscope. To generate a real time, magnified 3D virtual image about the micro object to be operated, information about the object from different directions is needed. Some simple algorithms are used to meet the real time requirement. Algorithms used in calculating the 3D coordinates on a micro object with a pair of images taken by the camera pair in a multi camera system are introduced.Keywords：virtual tele operation systems;multi camera systems;camera calibration;normalized correlation algorithm- 48
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Design and Operational Properties of a Manipulator for Minimeter-size Microrobot
Abstract：The piezoelectric unimorphs are used to fabricate a microgripper for the millimeter size microrobot. The size of the piezoelectric microgripper is about 15mm×2mm×2mm and the weight is about 100 mg. Based on analysis of operational principle of the piezoelectric microgripper, composition of morphotropic phase boundary of the PbNi1/3 Nb2/3 PbZrO3 PbTiO3 ternary ceramics is selected to fabricate the piezoelectric microgripper. The ternary piezoelectric ceramics have high piezoelectric modulus (d31) and electromechanical coupling factor (Kp). Operational properties of the piezoelectric microgripper are investigated. Results show that the microgripper can achieve tip deflection of 40μm and gripping force of 25.7×10-3N when voltage of 50V is applied.Keywords：micromanipulators;microgrippers;piezoelectric unimorphs;operational properties;microrobots- 32
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study of the Piezoelectric Element Based Micro Robot for Celiac Operation
Abstract：The authors introduce a micro snake like robot system for celiac operation driven by the piezoelectric element based mini-displacement driver, which features small size, high precision displacement, prompt response and adequate output force. Every segment of the robot can rotate on 2-freedom direction in a range of ?60? freely and rapidly. Two essential questions in designing the system i.e., the structure and moving mechanism of the piezoelectric element based mini-displacement driver; the structure of the special robot joint, are specified and discussed. Finally, the system simulation on computer is given.Keywords：piezoelectric elements;micro robots;celiac operation- 39
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Power Consumption and Optimized Driving Circuit of Bimorph In-pipe Micro Robot
Abstract：The power consumption of an in-pipe PZT actuator micro robot has been studied, and the formula S=Kfcv2 has been derived, which means that the power consumption is proportional to frequency of voltage f, square of voltage v2 and to the capacity of robot C. An optimized driving circuit for the micro robot has been studied, too. With this circuit, the robot can move at high speed with the same driving voltage. Experiment has been done to prove this conclusion. All these are theoretical bases for designing a wireless robot system.Keywords：micro robots;piezoelectric actuators;pipes;power consumption;circuit optimium design- 39
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Published：2020-08-12 -
System Simulation of Snake Travelling
Abstract：The paper proposes a micro robot model. Based on the kinetic analysis of the model, a control theory of the travelling mechanism of the robot is discussed, and the system is simulated.Keywords：Shape Memory Alloy;micro robots;kinetic models;system simulation- 50
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Effect of Motion Parameters on the ZMP of Biped Walking Robot in the Single-leg Support Phase
Abstract：In the research on biped walking robots, the authors usually judge the walking stability from the relation ship between the position of the ZMP and the support area. The paper provides a general method to analyze the effect of robot walking motion parameters on the position of ZMP, and also attempts to find a variational trend of the scope of the ZMP when walking motion parameters are changed by means of computer simulation. Our objective is to provide a useful reference to the stability design of robot dynamic walking. Finally, some experimental results are discussed.Keywords：biped walking robots;stability;zero moment points;motion parameters- 23
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Method for Controling Micromanipulation System Movement in Three-Dimensional Way by Joystick
Abstract：A new method for controlling micromanipulation system movement in three dimensional way by using a joystick is presented in this paper. In the support of a Windows operating system, a universal kind of joystick is used to control a stepping motor in the subdivision mode, and the characteristic parameters of the joystick are set to make the three dimensional micromanipulation system move accurately.Keywords：micromanipulation systems;stepping motors;three dimensional control;joysticks- 45
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Design of a Flight Control System of a Micro-Aerial Vehicle
Abstract：Micro-aerial vehicle is an integrated system that consists of micro machinery, electron and high capability digital computer. It has a bright future in many application fields, especially in military. The paper discusses the characteristics of flight dynamics and the flight control ways of a micro two-rotor rotorcraft. With the help of the power provided by micro continuous current motors driven with lithium cells, the chip microprocessor acting as a control core and the method of remote control and PWM, the micro two-rotor rotorcraft can take off, stay in the sky, fly forward and backward and descend favorably under the condition of breeze. The research has laid a good foundation for further studies of micro aerial vehicles.Keywords：micro aerial vehicles;chip microprocessors;remote control;pulse width modulation- 71
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Stitching Technique by Error Averaging
Abstract：In the measurement of optical wave front, a large scale area can be measured with an interferometer of small aperture by correlative stitching technique, in which high measurement precision, high spatial resolution and low price can be maintained. In this technique, a way to get high precision phase distributions of sub-apertures and effective stitching method are important. Stitching between two sub-apertures is simple, but its accumulation error may reduce stitching precision greatly. The paper presents an error averaging method, which requires that the sum of the squared differences of all common areas should be minimized simultaneously. This method is a parallel one in essence. A math model and a solution in Cartesian coordinates are presented. Their validity has been examined by computer simulation.Keywords：optical wave front measurement;stitching technique;error averaging- 47
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study of a Novel Lamb-wave Based Liquid Density Sensor
Abstract：Density is one of the important physical parameters of materials. The paper introduces research work concerned with a novel sensor for measuring liquid density. Different from the traditional instruments used today, such as vibrating tubes, ultrasonic based sensors, the new one based on Lamb wave possesses many advantages, such as high sensitivity, fast response, little sample required, etc. This paper presents a basic principle of the sensor and the phase shift measuring method used in this project. The measuring system and satisfactory experiment results are shown.Keywords：density measurement;minim liquid;Lamb wave;phase shift measurement;density sensors- 57
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Image Processing for the Automatic Positioning System of Pellet Target
Abstract：Pellet's position is the key of ICF experiment. The paper introduces an automatic positioning system, and also describes an image processing method which is used to achieve the pellet's automatic positioning. Based on the theory of distance measurement by defocusing, the spotting in two dimension of rotation and pitch, and one dimension of translating by using the improved focusing evaluation function which is the combination of variance and Brenner have been realized, respectively, and the spotting of translating in three dimensions has also been implemented by detecting the mass center.Keywords：image processing;pellet's automatic position;focusing function;subpixel- 33
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Multilayer-shorted Micromachined Bluetooth Antenna
Abstract：The substrate performances for integrated circuit and micromachined antenna are quite different in which the former requires high dielectric constant, but the latter doesn′t. Therefore it′s difficult to integrate circuits with microstrip antenna. To meet the needs of miniaturized Bluetooth devices, the paper presents a cavity shorted microstrip antenna manufactured by micromachining process. The 10dB bandwidth and efficiency of the micromachined Bluetooth antenna are more than 10% and 67%, respectively, and the length is only 1/6 wavelength. The antenna is suitable for Bluetooth devices.Keywords：microstrip antennas;micromachining;Bluetooth technology- 40
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Application of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices in Wireless Measurement System
Abstract：In some applications, it is difficult to implement a fixed connection between sensors and signal processing units, or it is necessary to resort to wireless information transmission because of bulky cable. Wireless sensor is one of the focuses in recent sensor research. Compared with modulation based radio sensors, the passive and telemetric surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are absolutely necessary in some special environment applications. In this paper, state of the art of SAW sensors is reviewed, and the principle of wireless SAW resonator sensor is presented. In addition, some detailed measures to improve the sensitivity of the sensor in SAW-device design and fabrication are discussed. The application in object identification and wireless information transmission for classical impedance sensor is also presented.Keywords：passive and wireless;resonance;surface-acoustic-wave sensors;information transmission- 36
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study of CDMA Transmission Technology of Measured Data CDMA in Work Field
Abstract：The paper introduces the CDMA method based on direct sequence spread spectrum. With this method, the multiply transmission of measured data can be realized under the condition of strong narrow band interference in the production field. The principle of DS and the CDMA theory are also discussed in the paper. According to different applied places, some quality guarantee and improvement measures of pseudo random sequence generator are presented, and the experiment results are also given.Keywords：direct sequence spread spectrum;CDMA;data transmission;EMC- 42
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Technical Problems in Digital Phase-stepping Flatness Interferometers
Abstract：Flatness measurement of optical workpieces in optical manufacturing is very important. In recent years, the relative techniques have developed rapidly, expecially phase stepping technique, which has become mature gradually and has been applied widely. The paper utilizes the flatness interferometer, mode PG 15, as a basic hardware to design a digital flatness phase stepping interferometer. In the course of designing, a few of key difficulties had been overcome, including phase step calibration, phase unwrapping and error processing. The paper discusses these key techniques and presents their solving methods in detail.Keywords：flatness interferometers;calibration of phase step;phase unwrapping;error processing- 34
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Computer Measuring System of Engine Spark Advance for Torque
Abstract：The engine spark advance is an important factor in quality control of automobile distributors. In addition to introducing a method for measuring the engine spark advance by Hall component and the monostable circuit, the authors present the working process of the system and the design theory. Some methods for solving the problem of rush disturbance during the spark are discussed, and the detailed circuit principle graphs are also given.Keywords：spark advance;Hall components;monostable circuits;pulse width measurement;anti disturbance- 41
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Published：2020-08-12
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