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Issue 1 ， 2006
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Application of second derivative spectrum prepares in quantification measuring glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate using a FTIR/ATR method
Abstract：A simultaneous quantification measurement method of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) was developed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and attenuated total reflection (ATR) techniques. For applying the quantification method to the enzyme reaction system from G6P to F6P with phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI),the G6P-F6P-Tris mixture solution was used as the quantification object, and the spectra of the G6P-F6P-Tris mixture solutions which the concentrations were known were used as calibration spectra. Corresponding to the absorbance spectra or the second derivative spectra, selecting the value in main absorption peaks of 1 086 cm－1,1082 cm－1,1065 cm－1,1036 cm－1 and 978 cm－1 or the data in the fingerprint region of 1200~900cm－1, four types of the multiple linear regressions analyses were performed. By comparing the related coefficients, the average relative error and the root mean square error cross validation (RMSECV) values for the calculated values and the actual values for the concentrations corresponding to all types, the enough accuracy could be achieved for the calculated values based on the data in the fingerprint region for the second derivative spectra. The calculated values corresponding to the second derivative spectra have the higher accuracy than ones corresponding to the absorbance spectra, and the calculated values based on the data in the fingerprint region have the higher accuracy than ones based on the data in main absorption peaks.Keywords：Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy;attenuated total reflection;second derivative spectra;quantification analysis- 46
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Published：2020-08-12 -
1 060 nm wavelength high power diode array module
Abstract：InGaAs/GaAsP strained-compensated single-quantum well structure with an emission wavelength of 1 060 nm was grown. The laser bars with a stripe width of 200 μm and a filling factor of 50% was fabricated. The back HR coating is Al2O3/5(HfO2/SiO2)/HfO2 and the front AR coating is Al2O3.The module’s CW output power reaches to 68.5 W at a current of 80 A. The threshold current is 10 A and the central wavelength is 1 059 nm with a FWHM of 9 nm.Keywords：semiconductor laser;high power laser;array module;HR coating;AR coating- 60
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study on line-profiles of variable line-space plane gratings with holographic recording
Abstract：The geometric theory of aspheric wave-front recording optics was briefly described. The merit function of the curve tendency was derived. The integral expression of the merit function was also derived to improve the calculation efficiency. The calculation result shows that the latter efficiency is 2 to 3 times of the former. Design example of holographic VLS plane gratings is given to demonstrate the capability of our method, which indicates that the curve tendency is in very good agreement with the merit function.Keywords：holographic grating;variable line space;line-profiles;curve tendency- 31
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Research on beam pointing in deep space optical communication
Abstract：In order to achieve the accurate pointing of beam in deep space optical communication, according to the movement rule of aircraft and celestial body, the pointing theory for deep space optical communication was set up based on the ephemeris of aircraft and the earth, the variety of pointing angle, angle velocity, and angle acceleration was educed. The relative mutation of two terminals that was used to set the deep space optical link was analyzed, and the variety of ahead pointing angle and Doppler frequency shift was educed. A computer simulation was performed, the result shows that the pointing angle, angle velocity and angle acceleration are periodical, the accurate pointing is practicable depend on the technology of China nowadays. The Doppler frequency shift of optical signaling is also periodical, its swing is 0.07 nm, which decides that the bandwidth of optical-filter should be high than 0.7 nm. The results also show that correlation detection will face serious challenge in deep space optical communication.Keywords：deep space optical communication;beam pointing;ahead pointing angle;Doppler frequency shift- 32
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Arts of Faraday effect element of the four mode RLG
Abstract：According to the demand on the four mode ring laser gyro, the two optical surfaces in a Faraday effect element must be ultra-smooth surface, and must has a little wedge in each other. Contraposing the shortcoming of optical contact method in traditional art, a new method was introduced in which hundreds of rough elements were conglutinated together to be fabricated as one component. Not only is the wedge between two optical surfaces achieved, but also is the possibility to damage the first surface avoided. Finally, the finished products with fine quality, whose surface roughness is less than 0.08 nm(rms), are obtained in high proportion.Keywords：four mode ring laser gyro;Faraday effect element;ultra-smooth surface- 49
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Imaging research of two kinds of sparse-aperture systems
Abstract：A sparse aperture configuration named dual three sub-apertures composed of nine sub-apertures was introduced and the models of configuration were described. The dual three sub-apertures system was compared with the GOLAY 9, which composed of nine sub-apertures, to research the imaging of two kinds of sparse aperture systems. The comparison of their characteristics and modulation transfer functions (MTF) with the dual three sub-apertures and the GOLAY 9 were given. The equivalent diameters and the practical equivalent diameters of two kinds of sparse aperture systems were calculated, and the image simulations and Wiener filtered images of two kinds of sparse aperture systems with different fill factors were shown. Their image quality was evaluated with their standard deviation (std) and image contrast. Through the comparison, it is shown that the MTF of the dual three sub-apertures is obviously higher than that of the GOLAY 9 at the direction of maximal MTF except at the normalized spatial frequency between 0.55 to 0.65. When the fill factor is not smaller than 20%, the equivalent diameters and the practical equivalent diameters of two kinds of sparse aperture systems are almost equal. The image quality of the dual three sub-apertures is better than that of the GOLAY 9 at the spatial frequency between 24~45 lp/mm. The performance of the dual three sub-apertures is almost same as the GOLAY 9. The dual three sub-apertures system has the advantages of symmetric configuration and easy fabrication.Keywords：space remote sensing;sparse aperture;MTF;imaging;filtering- 57
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Error analysis on the parameters of non-coaxial grazing X-ray microscope
Abstract：A set of non-coaxial grazing X-ray microscope consisting of four spherical mirrors was designed for diagnosis of ICF,and the aberrations and imaging quality of the microscope were analyzed. In order to acquire excellent image quality, It is necessary for manufacturing and assembling the microscope to set up the reasonable tolerances. In this paper, the changes of Gauss parameters and aberrations caused by component and subsystem parameters, such as the mirror's radius, the angle between mirrors, grazing angle, object distance, etc., were studited, and the spot diagrams and MTF were firstly adopted for evaluating quantitatively image quality of the microscope. The reasonable manufacturing tolerances of components and assembly tolerances of the system were established based on the discussion and analysis above. A set of non-coaxial grazing X-ray microscope has been manufactured under confinement of the tolerances. In site test of ICF,the images with high resolution are obtained by the microscope.Keywords：X-ray imaging;X-ray microscope;tolerance;error analysis- 47
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Design of fine pointing tip / tilt mirror of ATP system for free space optical communication
Abstract：The two-dimensional fine pointing tip/tilt minor is a key component of the acquisition, tracking and pointing(ATP) system for free space optical communication. The mechanical design and model analysis was made to the tip/tilt mirror driven by the piezoelectric actuator and transmitted by the flexure hinge. The digital precise position controller was developed, which consisted of driving module, measuring module and control module. The test system was developed in laboratory, and the frequency and static performance of tip/tilt mirror were tested. Two measuring methods of the frequency were particularly introduced. The testing results indicate that the frequency of the tip/tilt mirror is about 1.5 kHz, the rational degree range is about ±2 mrad, the precision is about 1 μrad and the resolution is about 0.1 μrad.Keywords：free space optical communication;ATP system;fine pointing tip/tilt mirror- 51
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Analysis on structural parameters of light-weighted mirror
Abstract：By theoretical calculating, the structural parameters of four kinds of materials used in fabricating light-weighted mirror for space camera were analyzed. These materials are ULE、Zerodur,Be and silicon carbide (SiC). The properties of the four kinds of materials were compared with each other. Then two kinds of light-weighted mirrors with sandwich and open back structures were also compared. The results show that the better material for space mirror is the SiC and the better structure for space mirror is sandwich structure. The SiC mirror with 500 mm and sandwich strcture according to the structural parameters was fabricated.Keywords：light-weighted mirror;structure parameters;sandwich structure;open back structure- 63
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Determining method of the thickness of the distributed Bragg reflector grown by metal-organic chemical vapor depositon
Abstract：For a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), the epilayer thickness accuracy is very important. The influence of the thickness deviation on the reflection spectrum of semiconductor materials DBR was analyzed using the transfer matrix method. By the influence, a determining method of the thickness of the DBR grown by MOCVD was presented. Based on the approach, the 980 nmVCSEL wafer was grown by MOCVD,in which center wavelength of the VCSEL reflection spectrum is 982 nm. The results show that the method can be used in verifying the thickness of the epitaxy materials and growth parameters of the MOCVD and provide the reliable information for the VCSEL growth.Keywords：MOCVD;DBR;reflection spectrum;thin film thickness measurement- 36
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Near infrared spectroscopic model for determinating total catechins in tea polyphenol powder based on radical basis function network
Abstract：A near infrared spectroscopic models for determinating the total catechins in tea polyphenol powder were presented based on radical basis function network. The spectra of tea polyphenol powder samples were pretreated with wavelet transform (sym6), standard normalization and principle components analysis (PCA), the eigenvectors of PCA were used as the input functions of RBFN. The models were optimized by changing the number of PCA and evaluated by the correlation coefficients (R) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of calibration set and the prediction set. The optimum correlation coefficient (R) of the calibration set, all sample set and prediction set were 0.999, 0.999 and 0.992, respectively, and RMSEP of them were 1.08%, 2.06% and 3.68%, respectively.Keywords：radical basis function network (RBFN);tea polyphenol;catechins;near infrared spectroscopy (NIR);model- 24
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Knife-edge technique for laser cooling
Abstract：Some researches on transfer characteristics of atomic beam, laser cooling effect, and knife-edge technique's application to measuring the temperature of atoms through laser cooling were investigated. The results show as follows:after atoms emitted from atomic oven, the longer the motive distance of atoms is, the less the distribution of the atomic beam is,no matter the laser cooling is made or not. Laser cooling can make the transverse velocity of the atomic beam reduce several orders and increase the uniformity of the atomic beam also. The knife-edge technique can measure the temperature of the atomic beam through laser cooling, and measured accuracy is decided by the pixel size of CCD for fluorescent imaging of the atomic beam. The results are of great significance to laser cooling experiments in the future.Keywords：laser cooling;velocity distribution;atom beam distribution;knife-edge technique- 30
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Enhancement of radiography based multiscale Retinex
Abstract：An enhancement algorithm of radiography based on multiscale Retinex was presented. The three different Gaussian filter coefficients under three different deviations were calculated, and the convolution operation was implemented between the image distribution and Gaussian filters, a weighted average of multiscale was gained and mapped to gray range of display device. With this method, image contrast enhancement, sharpening and dynamic range compression were achieved at the same time. The information of hidden area of digital radiograph was obviously enhanced. The enhancement technique was compared with other techniques such as histogram equalization, homomorphic filter. The results of experiment show that MSR can more observably improve entropy of digital X-rays than other techniques, and also show that the algorithm can overcome the lack of enhancement of traditional digital X-rays methods and satisfy the clinic demand.Keywords：retinex;image contrast;image enhancement;dynamic range compression- 41
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Structure design of Mach-Zehnder interferometer in electrooptic integrated acceleration seismic geophone
Abstract：A novel electrooptic integrated acceleration seismic geophone was presented. Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer of Si-based MOEMS (micro-opto-electro-mechanical system)acceleration seismic geophone was researched and its optimization structure design was accomplished. The material of buffer layer and coating layer is K9 glass. Two Bak7 glass Y-branching waveguides with width of 4 μm and thickness of 0.4 μm, and six guide mirrors are employed in interferometer. A S-shaped curve is used for the transition connecting two offset parallel waveguides in Y-branching. Because it is difficulty to make the branching angle large enough by using conventional Y-branching, a 90° directional change by a vertical mirror facet to realize the special structure between measuring arm and reference arm is designed. The inner dielectric film of the mirror facet is aluminum plating. To prevent the polarization state of TE mode polarized light from changing after passing through the aluminum film,4 polarizers with length of 1 mm have been used. The simulation results performed in BPM and the experiment agrees with the theoretical analysis well.Keywords：accelerometer;Mach-Zehnder interferometer;waveguide;structure design- 47
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Design method and magnetic field analysis of axial-magnetized permanent magnet micromotor
Abstract：In order to investigate the impact of the size effect on its performance in designing axial-magnetized permanent magnet micromotor, the finite element method was adopted to simulate the magnetic field of this kind of dual rotor motor, and the flux density wave form distributed in the airgap was obtained. The influences of the external dimensions, pole numbers and magnet thicknesses of the rotor and the airgap distances on the flux density were analyzed, the analytical results were given. With the increasing of the airgap distance, the flux density under more poles reduces more quickly than under fewer poles. With the increasing of the magnet thickness, the flux density is a rising curve, and after the magnet thickness gets to a certain point, it is almost a constant. While reducing the diameter of the rotor, the decreasing of the flux density is slower and slower with the reducing of the magnet thickness. The results of the magnetic field analysis can guide the design of the microminiaturization of the motor. Moreover, the results are analyzed theoretically and the simulated values are almost consistent with the experimental values.Keywords：permanent magnet micromotor;axial-magnetizing;flux density;magnetic field analysis;Nd-Fe-B- 35
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Research of dynamic error compensation for nano-positioning system based on grey model
Abstract：For a nano-stage worked in the way of multi-positions and single step, the grey model can be used to compensate the systemic errors and random errors simultaneously. A method of improving the precision of grey model was discussed, and the GM(1,1) model with equal dimension, new-information and improved background value was established. By discussing of one step prediction using the positioning step of 5 μm, the model proved to be high prediction precision. The compensation tests with 5 μm and 3 μm positioning steps proved that the positioning errors of the stage are less than 40 nm. The effectiveness of grey model is testified used in dynamic positioning errors prediction and compensation. For having the strong points the grey model needs less modeling data and compu ting works,so that it is greatly suitable for time-variable precise positioning systems.Keywords：Nano-positioning;positioning error;grey model;prediction;dynamic compensation- 44
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Development of a 2-DOF micropositioning table
Abstract：A piezoelectrically driven micropositioning table with high stiffness and resolution was presented. A flexure hinge mechanism was utilized to guide the moving part and to provide preload for the piezoelectric actuators. The lever amplifiers were used to enlarge the working range of the moving platform. The static and dynamic characteristics of the micropositioning table was investigated and its dynamic model was established for consideration of the driving circuit. From the experimental data, it is shows that the piezoelectrically driven micro-positioning table has a resolution of 5 nm and natural frequencies up to 143 Hz and 180 Hz, respectively, which indicates that the table is useful for nanometer level positioning applications.Keywords：micropositioning table;piezoelectric actuator;dynamic performance- 40
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Finite element analysis of diaphragm flexure in atmospheric sounding interferometer
Abstract：A diaphragm flexure was designed with the finite element analysis method. By comparing different slit-shape diaphragm flexures' axial stiffness coefficient, radial stiffness coefficient and stiffness ratio in the course of elongating, the spiral slit-shape diaphragm flexure was selected. Furthermore, the influences of spiral slit-shape diaphragm flexure's base circle radius , screw-pitch , rotate angle , index , diameter , number of slits , thickness and elasticity modulus of material on axial stiffness coefficient, radial stiffness coefficient and stiffness ratio were analyzed. The best set of parameters(r0=20 mm,a=20/π2mm/rad,θ1=πrad,b=2,=200mm,n=3,t=0.2mm,E=1.3e11Pa)based on the finite element analysis results were chosen and a pair of spiral slit-shape diaphragm flexures was made. Measurement results show that the spiral slit-shape diaphragm flexure has elongation in axial direction and large stiffness ratio, which has satisfied the design objectives and confirmed the veracity and rationality of the finite element analysis as well.Keywords：atmospheric sounding interferometer;diaphragm flexure;spiral slit-shape;finite element analysis- 41
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Accurate measurement of the cam’s lift error in the three-coordinates measuring machine
Abstract：A search point method was presented to measure cam's lift error on three-coordinates measuring machine according to the requirements of designing and measuring cam's lift error. The principle and steps of the new method were put forward, and the measurement error was analyzed. Academic analysis and practice in measuring show that the measurement error of this measuring method is ±1.8 μm, that is about sixty percent of the measurement error with the traditional measuring method such as the method of peach tip point, sensitivity point method.Keywords：cam;lift error;search point method;coordinate measuring machine;measurement error- 47
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Analysis on hollow rotor deformation of electrostatic suspended gyroscope
Abstract：A scheme to analyze the centrifugal deformation,temperature deformation,pressure distortion and synthesis distortion of the hollow rotor of ESG ( the Electrostatic Suspended Gyroscope ) , and the measures to reduce the deformation were presented. The analysis results show that the rotor deformation is mainly caused by the temperature,the centrifugal deformation can produce a great impact on the spherical roundness of the rotor, but the deformation value is litter than that of the temperature deformation by second order of magnitude. The temperature takes great effect on the rotor radius by mainly affecting the clearance between the rotor and the electrode,the pressure distortion takes little effect on the spherical roundness and the rotor radius in the same way. Therefore, the rotor radius should be taken account,and compensated for designing a structure. The effect of the centrifugal deformation on the spherical roundness of the rotor could be reduced by grinding the hollow rotor into sphere lapped on four or five atmospheres. The results also show that this scheme is applicable for developing the hollow rotor of ESG.Keywords：electrostatic suspended gyroscope;hollow rotor;beryllium;centrifugal deformation;temperature deformation;pressure distortion;synthesis distortion- 53
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Analysis of mechanical characteristics in the double linear vibratory gyroscope using high speed photography
Abstract：To evaluate the dynamic characteristics of Micro-Gyroscope with small dimension and high vibration frequency, a new measurement setup based on the high speed camera armed with microscope and digital image technique was presented.The natural frequency,quality factor,first mode of fold beam and Young’s modulus of the double linear vibratory gyroscope were measured by the new setup. The experimental results show the sensitivity of this setup is up to 0.01 μm and relative errors in different driving frequencies are less than 0.023%.Keywords：double linear vibratory gyroscope;natural frequency;quality factor;Young’s modulu;high speed photography- 38
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Analysis on errors of single axis energy storage/attitude control system with double flywheels
Abstract：The general structure and working principle of the single axis energy storage/attitude control system were introduced. The mathematical model of the system was studied and put forward; the cause of errors was analyzed; the equations of platform angular error and flywheel install error, the platform angle error and flywheel eccentricity error, the platform angle error and error of flywheel speed measurement and control were also analyzed, respectively; then every piece of errors were compounded. The actual errors were computed combined with the actual experimental system, and each error was compared and analyzed. The results show that the primary factors are the flywheel install error, flywheel eccentricity error, speed measurement error and control error etc. The install error and eccentricity error are uncontrolled factors, while the flywheel speed measurement error and control error are controllable factors. In conclusion, the primary method that can improve the attitude control precision is presented; the speed measurement error and control error of flywheels can be reduced by improving the resolutions of position sensor and speed sensor, as well as adopting advanced control algorithm.Keywords：flywheel;energy storage;attitude control;error analysis- 43
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Study of matching methods for error evaluation of optical free-form surface
Abstract：The matching methods between measuring surface and design surface were studied for the profile error evaluation of free-form surface. Based on the matching together of both center points and normal vectors of measuring surface and design surface, a pre-position method by five feature points including center point and four corner points was put forward to achieve better preliminary matching. The dual optimization method integrating the least square method and the least condition principle was presented for the accurate positioning. The results show that the matching accuracy can achieve the nanometer level. At last, an actual test of aspheric surface proves the validity of methods.Keywords：optical free-form surface;surface matching;pre-position of five feature points;dual optimization- 40
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Published：2020-08-12 -
Application of fuzzy neural network to optimizing UV-LIGA process
Abstract：The theory and the algorithm of the fuzzy neural network were applied in the research of the fabrication of high resolute microstructure using negative (SU-8), the artificial neural network were trained based on orthogonality experiment, and the prediction model was built between the fabrication structure quality and the main technology parameters. The model was a Feedforward Fuzzy neural network possessing five layers,and Gradient Descent was adopted as learning algorithm. The experiment results show that the temperature and the soft bake time is the most important factor of the structure quality. when thickness of the photoresist is ranged from 120~340 μm,the temperature and time of the soft bake is 95℃ and 100 min,respectivly,then the optimal microstructure with the least relative line width discrepancy can be obtained. In addition,the developing time is reduced and the image quality is greatly improved through ultrasonic agitation. The predict results are in good agreement with the experimental results,and the lithographic process could be optimized with fuzzy neural network.Keywords：nagative photoresist;UV-LIGA;fuzzy neural network;process parameter- 50
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Published：2020-08-12
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